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Umbuso Ohlangeneyo

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Umbuso Ohlangeneyo
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Isaga wesizwe: Dieu et mon droit
Inkondlo yesizwe: God Save the King[note 1]

Izilimi isiNgisi,[1][2] isiAyilendi Gaeilge]], isiKoshi sase-Ulster Ulstèr-Scotch, Scottish Gaelic, isiKoshi Gàidhlig, isiWelisi Cymraeg, isiKornishi Kernowek[3]
Amaqembu wesiko 92.1% White
4.0% South Asian
2.0% Black
1.2% Mixed
0.4% Chinese
0.4% Other[4]
IDemonimi amaNgisi
Isiqongo ILondon
Ilathithudi 51N
Ilongithudi 0
Idolobha elikhulu ILondon
Uhulumeni Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Umholi nobukhosi Charles III
Ungqongqoshe phezulu Keir Starmer
Ubungako bendawo 243,610 km²
Inani labantu
 Lonke:
 Ukuminyana:
58,789,194(2001)[5]
255.6 ab./km²
GDP $2.233 trillion[6] (7th)
GDP per capita $35,646[6] (22nd)
GDP nominal $2.472 trillion[6]
GDP nominal per capita $39,459[6] (22nd)
HDI 0.863[7] (28th)
HDI category very high
Gini 41[8]
IMali Pound sterling (GBP)
Indawo yesikathi GMT (UTC 0)
Ukushayela Ukunxele
Inamba wucingo 44

Umbuso Ohlangeneyo (isiNgisi: United Kingdom) izwe laseYurophu. Uqukatha amazwe lezi: INgilandi, ISikotilandi, IWelisi, I-Ayilendi.

Umlando wegama

[hlela | Hlela umthombo]

e1707 "Acts of Union" uhlanganisa amazwe iNgilandi nosiKotilandi.[9][10][note 2][11] Igama "Umbuso Ohlangeneyo" ukusebenzisa ekhulunyaka yishumi nesishiyagalombili.[12][13][14][15] Igama "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" angeniswile e1927 nga-"Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act" ukunikela ukuzimela waFleyistata Ayilandi e1922.[16] Ushiya i-Ayilandi Senyakatho izwe kuphela esiqhingi, ukuhlanganyela wUmbuso Ohlangeneyo.

Umlando phambi kwa-1066

[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
Stonehenge, e-Wiltshire, akwakha e-2500BC.

Abantu nguNeolithiki abazinza iminyaka yinkulungwane ngamashumi amathathu kade.[17] Ekupheleni ikhathi udaladala, abantu bahlangene naqembu bambiza Insular Celtic, uqukatha Brythonic Britain no-i-Ayilendi Geyilikhi.[18] Emva kwaNhlaselo iRhomani, uqala 43 AD, nombuso iminyaka amakhulu okune (rule of southern Britain), inhlaselo isiJalimani (Anglo-Saxon).[19] Ingilandi wAnglo-Saxon uhlanganisa ungUmbuso iNgilandi ekhulunyaka yisishiyagalolunye.[20] Okwamanje, abantu Geyilikhi esiKotilandi senyakatho (nokuhlangana e-Ayilendi impumalanga nenyakatho)[21][22] bahlanganisa namaPikithi ukudala Umbuso isiKotilandi.[23]

iBayeux Tapestry ubonakalisa ukulwa waHastings.

e-1066, amasefulansi bangena iNgilandi.[24][25] Amakhosi isiNgisi banqoba iWelisi, bafeyila ukubanqoba isiKotilandi. Amakhosi isiNgisi, bamukela amaiziqithi eFulansi, namalungelo lobukhosi, pho balwa eFulansi, empi ngu-Impi Iminyaka Kakhulu.[26]

Ukuqhatha wemkolo ngenxa ya-Reformation nokungenisa wenkolo iProtestant.[27] IWelisi ukaka ngemibuso engilandi.[28] I-Ayilandi umbuso womshado yinskosana isiNgisi.[29] e-1603, imibuso wengilandi, wesiKotilandi no-Ayilandi bahlangana womshado ngenxa yaJames VI, King of Scots.

ILondon


Notes

[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
  1. ↑ No law was passed making God Save the King the official anthem. In the British tradition, such laws are not necessary; proclamation and usage are sufficient to make it the official national anthem. God Save the King also serves as the Royal anthem for several other countries.
  2. ↑ Compare to section 1 of both of the 1800 Acts of Union which reads: the Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland shall...be united into one Kingdom, by the Name of "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"


References

[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
  1. ↑ "direct.gov.uk" http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012519 Archived 2012-10-15 at the UK Government Web Archive Directgov: English language – Government, citizens and rights | Directgov | 23 August 2011
  2. ↑ "thecommonwealth.org">http://www.thecommonwealth.org/YearbookHomeInternal/139560 Commonwealth Secretariat – UK | Commonwealth Secretariat | 23 August 2011
  3. ↑ Under the Council of Europe's European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, the Welsh, Scottish Gaelic, Cornish, Irish, Scots and its regional variant Ulster Scots are officially recognised as Regional or Minority languages by the UK Government for the purposes of the Charter. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/ArtsCulture/gaelic/gaelic-english/17910/europeancharter|title=European[dead link] Charter for Regional or Minority Languages| publisher=Scottish Government |accessdate=11 December 2010
  4. ↑ http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Expodata/Spreadsheets/D6588.xls{{dead[dead link] link|date=December 2011 |title=United Kingdom population by ethnic group |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=1 April 2001 United Kingdom Census 2001 |accessdate=15 April 2009 |format=XLS
  5. ↑ http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/pop2001/united_kingdom.asp | Census 2001: Population estimates | Office for National Statistics | 21 April 2011
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2007&ey=2011&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=112&s=NGDPD,NGDPDPC,PPPGDP,PPPPC,LP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=25&pr.y=6 |title=United Kingdom | International Monetary Fund | April | 2011 | 8 May 2011
  7. ↑ http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Table1.pdf|title=Human Archived 2021-08-30 at the Wayback Machine. Development Report 2011|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=2011-11-02}}
  8. ↑ http://www.poverty.org.uk/09/index.shtml Archived 2011-04-26 at the Wayback Machine. |title =Income inequalities |publisher=The Poverty Site |accessdate =21 April 2011}}
  9. ↑ http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html Archived 2019-05-27 at the Wayback Machine. Treaty of Union, 1706 scotshistoryonline.co.uk 23 August 2011
  10. ↑ http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LYc1tSYonrQC&pg=PA165#v=onepage&q&f=false Constitutional & Administrative Law p165 Barnett, Hilaire | Jago, Robert | 8th edition 2011 9780415563017 Routledge, Abingdon | 5 July 2011
  11. ↑ Bamber Gascoigne. "History of Great Britain (from 1707)". History World. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 18 July 2011.
  12. ↑ http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/ | Acts of Union 1707 | parliament.uk | 21 July 2011
  13. ↑ http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/visitingHolyrood/union_exhibition.pdf | Making the Act of Union 1707 | scottish.parliament.uk | 21 July 2011
  14. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/7327029.stm England – Profile | BBC | 21 July 2011 | 10 February 2011
  15. ↑ http://www.history.org.uk/resources/he_resource_730_9.html Archived 2011-05-15 at the Wayback Machine. | The Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 | Historical Association | 21 July 2011
  16. ↑ The Irish Civil War 1922–23 | Cottrell, P. | 2008 | 85 | 1846032709
  17. ↑ "Ancient skeleton was 'even older'". BBC News. 30 October 2007. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
  18. ↑ Celtic culture: A historical encyclopedia | p973 | Koch, John T. | 9781851094400 | 2006 | ABC-CLIO | Santa Barbara, CA
  19. ↑ The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales | 2008 | University of Wales Press | Cardiff | 9780708319536 | p915}}
  20. ↑ Short Athelstan biography on the BBC History website
  21. ↑ Mackie, J.D. | A History of Scotland | London | Penguin | 1991 | 9780140136494 | p18–19
  22. ↑ Campbell, Ewan | Saints and Sea-kings: The First Kingdom of the Scots | Canongate | Edinburgh | 1999 | 0-86241-874-7 | p8–15
  23. ↑ Christopher Haigh | The Cambridge Historical Encyclopedia of Great Britain and Ireland | Cambridge University Press | 1990 | p30 | 9780521395526
  24. ↑ Feudalism | Ganshof, F.L. | p165 | 9780802071583 | University of Toronto | 1996
  25. ↑ The debate on the Norman Conquest | p115–122 | Chibnall, Marjorie | 1999 | Manchester University Press | 9780719049132
  26. ↑ Keen, Maurice. "The Hundred Years War". BBC History.
  27. ↑ The Reformation in England and Scotland and Ireland: The Reformation Period & Ireland under Elizabth I, Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
  28. ↑ "British History in Depth – Wales under the Tudors". BBC History. 5 November 2009. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 21 September 2010.
  29. ↑ Nicholls, Mark (1999). A history of the modern British Isles, 1529–1603: The two kingdoms. Oxford: Blackwell. pp. 171–172. ISBN 9780631193340.



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