publicus
拉丁语
[编辑]其他形式
[编辑]- poublicos (早期拉丁语)
词源
[编辑]源自古拉丁語 poplicus，源自古拉丁語 poplus，其发展为了拉丁語 populus (“人民”)，最终源自原始意大利語 *poplos (“军队”)，其词源不详。
传统上将从-ŏp-到-ūb-的变换解释为同根词pūbēs (“成年人口；青年期；生殖器”)的吸引。[1]另一解释认为这是一个可分为两步的规则发音变换：-p-的浊化，以及-o-到-ou-的拆分（而单元音化为-ū-）。[2]
发音
[编辑]形容词
[编辑]pūblicus (阴性 pūblica，中性 pūblicum); 第一/第二類變格形容詞
- 人民的、国家的或社会的
- 58-49 BCE, Gaius Julius Caesar, De Bello Gallico, VI.13.4:
- Illi rebus divinis intersunt, sacrificia publica ac privata procurant, religiones interpretantur.
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 58-49 BCE, Gaius Julius Caesar, De Bello Gallico, VI.13.4:
- 公共的，普遍的
变格
[编辑]| 數 | 單數 | 複數 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 格 / 性 | 陽性 | 陰性 | 中性 | 陽性 | 陰性 | 中性 | |
| 主格 | pūblicus | pūblica | pūblicum | pūblicī | pūblicae | pūblica | |
| 屬格 | pūblicī | pūblicae | pūblicī | pūblicōrum | pūblicārum | pūblicōrum | |
| 與格 | pūblicō | pūblicō | pūblicīs | ||||
| 賓格 | pūblicum | pūblicam | pūblicum | pūblicōs | pūblicās | pūblica | |
| 奪格 | pūblicō | pūblicā | pūblicō | pūblicīs | |||
| 呼格 | pūblice | pūblica | pūblicum | pūblicī | pūblicae | pūblica | |
近义词
[编辑]- (公共的)： forēnsis
衍生词汇
[编辑]相关词汇
[编辑]派生語彙
[编辑]- 继承：
- 借词：
名词
[编辑]pūblicus m (属格 pūblicī); 第二类变格
- 地方执法官
变格
[编辑]第二類變格名詞。
| 格 | 單數 | 複數 |
|---|---|---|
| 主格 | pūblicus | pūblicī |
| 屬格 | pūblicī | pūblicōrum |
| 與格 | pūblicō | pūblicīs |
| 賓格 | pūblicum | pūblicōs |
| 奪格 | pūblicō | pūblicīs |
| 呼格 | pūblice | pūblicī |
参考资料
[编辑]- publicus in Charlton T. Lewis & Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
- publicus在Charles du Fresne du Cange的Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
- publicus在Gaffiot, Félix (1934年) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français (拉丁語-法語詳解詞典)，Hachette中的內容
- Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894年) Latin Phrase-Book[3]，London：Macmillan and Co.
- （模糊）to be interred (at the expense of the state, at one's own cost): funere efferri or simply efferri (publice; publico, suo sumptu)
- statesmen: auctores consilii publici
- public land; state domain: ager publicus
- （模糊）in the time of the Republic: libera re publica
- （模糊）to be interred (at the expense of the state, at one's own cost): funere efferri or simply efferri (publice; publico, suo sumptu)
- （模糊）to be cast out unburied: proiici inhumatum (in publicum)
- （模糊）in the streets: in publico
- （模糊）to show oneself in the streets, in public: in publicum prodire (Verr. 2. 1. 31)
- （模糊）to never appear in public: publico carere, se abstinere
- （模糊）at the time of a most satisfactory government: optima re publica
- （模糊）the Republic: libera res publica, liber populus
- （模糊）to hold the first position in the state: principem in re publica locum obtinere
- （模糊）public affairs: negotia publica (Off. 1. 20. 69)
- （模糊）to take part in politics: in re publica or in rebus publicis versari
- （模糊）to retire from public life: a re publica recedere
- （模糊）to shun publicity: publico carere, forum ac lucem fugere
- （模糊）the state is secure: res publica stat (opp. iacet)
- （模糊）for the advantage of the state; in the interests of the state: e re publica (opp. contra rem p.)
- （模糊）the welfare of the state: summa res publica (or summa rei publicae)
- （模糊）the interests of the state: commoda publica or rei publicae rationes
- （模糊）to have the good of the state at heart: bene, optime sentire de re publica
- （模糊）to have the good of the state at heart: omnia de re publica praeclara atque egregia sentire
- （模糊）statesmen: viri rerum civilium, rei publicae gerendae periti or viri in re publica prudentes
- （模糊）an experienced politician: homo in re publica exercitatus
- （模糊）to possess great political insight: plus in re publica videre
- （模糊）a man's policy is aiming at, directed towards..: alicuius in re publica or capessendae rei publicae consilia eo spectant, ut...
- （模糊）to bring a law before the notice of the people: legem proponere in publicum
- （模糊）a political ally: consiliorum in re publica socius
- （模糊）to have the same political opinions: idem de re publica sentire
- （模糊）to hold different views in politics: ab aliquo in re publica dissentire
- （模糊）democracy: imperium populi or populare, civitas or res publica popularis
- （模糊）to betray the interests of the state: a re publica deficere
- （模糊）the public income from the mines: pecunia publica, quae ex metallis redit
- （模糊）let the consuls take measures for the protection of the state: videant or dent operam consules, ne quid res publica detrimenti capiat (Catil. 1. 2. 4)
- （模糊）to let out public works to contract: locare opera publica
- （模糊）the council of the nation; the senate: publicum consilium (Phil. 7.7. 19)
- （模糊）a criminal case: causa publica (Brut. 48. 178)
- （模糊）to be interred (at the expense of the state, at one's own cost): funere efferri or simply efferri (publice; publico, suo sumptu)
- ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008年) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)[1]，Leiden, Boston：Brill，ISBN 9789004167971
- ↑ Ranjan Sen (2015年) Syllable and Segment in Latin[2]，Oxford University Press，ISBN 9780199660186，第 146 頁