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草稿:天軍列表

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本條目是太空軍、單位和編隊列表，羅列部署太空軍事戰略國家的組成部分，及當前與歷史的前身和標誌，無論其是作為獨立太空部隊、多國司令部、聯合司令部或其他軍種部門的一部分。

獨立軍種

[編輯]
國家
現在 		部門
歷史 		年份
 美國 美國太空軍[1] 2019年至今

空軍太空司令部[1]

1982年至2019年

太空司令部[2]

1982年至1985年

戰略空軍司令部[3]

1963年至1984年[a]

航天防禦司令部（英語：Aerospace Defense Command）[3]

1976年至1980年[b]

Fourteenth Aerospace Force (Aerospace Defense Command)[3]

1968–1980[c]

9th Aerospace Defense Division（英語：9th Aerospace Defense Division） (Air Defense Command（英語：Air Defense Command）)[3]

1961–1968

Air Defense Command（英語：Air Defense Command）[3]

1960–1961 [d]

Air Force Security Service（英語：United States Air Force Security Service）[4][5]

1955–1964 [e]

Space and Missile Systems Center（英語：Space and Missile Systems Center） (Air Force Materiel Command)[3]

1992–2001[f]

Space Systems Division (Air Force Systems Command)[3]

1989–1992 [g]

Space Division (Air Force Systems Command)[3]

1979–1989

Space and Missile Systems Organization (Air Force Systems Command)[3]

1967–1979

Space Systems Division (Air Force Systems Command（英語：Air Force Systems Command）)[3]

1961–1967

Air Force Ballistic Missile Organization（英語：Air Force Ballistic Missile Organization） (Air Research and Development Command)[3]

1957–1961

Western Development Division (Air Research and Development Command)[3]

1954–1957

Air Research and Development Command（英語：Air Research and Development Command）[3]

1950–1954

Air Materiel Command（英語：Air Materiel Command）[3]

1947–1951[h]

United States Army Air Forces[3]

1945–1947[i]

空天合成軍種

[編輯]
國家
現在 		部門
歷史 		年份
 法國 French Space Command (French Air and Space Force)[6] 2019

Joint Space Command (French Air Force)[7]

2010–2019
 伊朗 Iranian Space Command（英語：Iranian Space Command） (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Aerospace Force（英語：Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Aerospace Force）)[8] 2020
 俄羅斯 (1992–present)
 獨立國家聯合體 (1991–1992)
 蘇聯 (1955–1991) 		Russian Space Forces (Russian Aerospace Forces)[9] 2015[j]

Russian Space Command（英語：Russian Space Command） (Russian Aerospace Defence Forces)[10]

2011–2015[k]

Russian Space Forces[11]

2001–2011

Russian Strategic Rocket Forces[11]

1997–2001

Military Space Forces[11]

1992–1997[l]

Rocket and Space Defence Troops (Russian Air Defence Forces)[11][12]

1992–1997[m]

Anti-Ballistic Missile and Anti-Space Defense Forces (Soviet Air Defense Forces)[12]

1967–1992

Chief Directorate of Space Assets (Soviet Ministry of Defence（英語：Minister of Defence (Soviet Union)）)[13][14]

1986–1992

Main Directorate of Space Assets (Soviet Armed Forces General Staff)[11][14]

1982–1986

Main Directorate of Space Assets (Soviet Strategic Rocket Forces)[15][14]

1970–1982

Central Directorate of Space Assets (Soviet Strategic Rocket Forces)[15]

1964–1970

3rd Department of the Main Missile Directorate of the Ministry of Defence[14]

1960–1964

Artillery of the Supreme High Command Reserve（英語：Reserve of the Supreme High Command）[16][14]

1955–1959
 西班牙 Spanish Air and Space Force 2022

聯合和多國太空司令部

[編輯]
國家
現在 		部門
歷史 		年份
 加拿大
 美國 		North American Aerospace Defense Command[3] 1981

North American Air Defense Command[3]

1960–1981[n]
 印度 Defence Space Agency（英語：Defence Space Agency）[17] 2018
 義大利 Space Operations Command（英語：Space Operations Command (Italy)） 2020
 墨西哥 Mexican Secretariat of National Defense（英語：Secretariat of National Defense (Mexico)）[18] 2019
 北大西洋公約組織 NATO Space Centre（英語：NATO Space Centre） (Allied Air Command)[19] 2020

Allied Air Command（英語：Allied Air Command）[20]

2013
 秘魯 National Commission for Aerospace Research and Development（英語：National Commission for Aerospace Research and Development） (Peruvian Ministry of Defense（英語：Ministry of Defense (Peru)）)[21] 1974
 南韓 Agency for Defense Development (Republic of Korea Ministry of National Defense)[22] 1970
 英國 United Kingdom Space Command (Royal Air Force)[23] 2021

United Kingdom Strategic Command（英語：United Kingdom Strategic Command）[24]

2019–2021

Joint Forces Command（英語：Joint Forces Command）[24]

2012–2019
 美國 United States Space Command[25] 2019

Joint Force Space Component Command（英語：Joint Force Space Component Command） (U.S. Strategic Command)[26]

2017–2019

Joint Functional Component Command for Space (U.S. Strategic Command)[26]

2006–2017

Joint Space Operations (U.S. Strategic Command)[26]

2005–2006

United States Strategic Command[26]

2002–2005

United States Space Command[26]

1985–2002

Aerospace Defense Command（英語：Aerospace Defense Command）[3]

1975–1986[o]

Continental Air Defense Command（英語：Continental Air Defense Command）[3]

1960–1975[q]

Advanced Research Projects Agency[3]

1958–1959

隸屬其他單位和編隊

[編輯]
國家
現在 		部門
歷史 		年份
 澳大利亞 Australian Space Operations Centre and No. 1 Remote Sensor Unit RAAF（英語：No. 1 Remote Sensor Unit RAAF） (Royal Australian Air Force)[27][28]
 巴西 Aerospace Operations Command（英語：Aerospace Operations Command） (Brazilian Air Force（英語：Brazilian Air Force）)[29] 2017
 加拿大 3 Canadian Space Division（英語：3 Canadian Space Division） (Royal Canadian Air Force)[30] 2022
 中國 People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force Space Systems Department​（中文）[31] 2015

People's Liberation Army General Armaments Department[32]

1998–2016
 德國 Bundeswehr Space Command​（德語） (German Air Force)[33] 2021

Air and Space Operations Centre​（德語） (German Air Force)[34]

2020

Space Situational Awareness Center​（德語） (German Air Force)[35]

2009
 以色列 Space Branch (Israeli Air Force)[36] 1988
 日本 Space Operations Squadron (Japan Air Self Defense Force)[37] 2020
 盧森堡 Luxembourg Army[38] 2017
 荷蘭 Royal Netherlands Air Force[39] 2021
 泰國 Royal Thai Air Force[40] 2020
 土耳其 Space Group Command (Turkish Air Force)[41] 2013
 英國 No. 23 Squadron（英語：No. 23 Squadron RAF） (Royal Air Force)[42] 2021

1001 Signal Unit（英語：RAF Oakhanger） (Royal Air Force)[43][44]

1966–2003[r]
 美國 Army Space and Missile Defense Command[45] 1997

Army Space and Strategic Defense Command[46]

1992–1997

Army Space Command[47]

1988–2003[s]

Army Space Agency[48]

1986–1988

Army Space Planning Group（英語：Air Force Space Command）[48]

1985–1986

Army Staff Program Element at Air Force Space Command[48]

1984–1985

Army Strategic Defense Command[48]

1985–1992

Ballistic Missile Defense Organization（英語：Ballistic Missile Defense Organization）[49]

1974–1985

Safeguard program（英語：Safeguard program）[49]

1969–1974

Sentinel program（英語：Sentinel program）[49]

1967–1969

Nike–X Project Office（英語：Nike-X）[49]

1964–1967

Nike–Zeus Project Office (Army Missile Command（英語：United States Army Aviation and Missile Command）)[49]

1962–1964

Army Ballistic Missile Agency（英語：Army Ballistic Missile Agency） (Army Ordnance Missile Command（英語：Army Ordnance Missile Command）)[50]

1956–1961[t]

Army Ordnance Corps[50]

1950–1956

Army Ordnance Department[50]

1945–1950[u]

Army Information Systems Command[47]

1984–1988[v]

Army Communications Command[47]

1973–1984

Army Strategic Communications Command[49]

1964–1973[w]

Army Signal Corps（英語：Army Signal Corps）[49]

1958–1964[x]
Marine Corps Forces Space Command[51] 2020

Marine Corps Forces Strategic Command[51]

2002–2020
Navy Space Command / Tenth Fleet[52] 2020

Fleet Cyber Command / Tenth Fleet[53]

2010–2020

Naval Network Warfare Command（英語：Naval Network Warfare Command）[54]

2002–2010[y]

Naval Space Command（英語：Naval Space Command）[54]

1983–2002

Naval Astronautics Group（英語：United States Naval Satellite Operations Center）[55]

1962–1983[z]

Naval Space Surveillance Center（英語：Naval Space Surveillance System）[55]

1960–1983[aa]
Naval Information Warfare Systems Command[55] 2019

Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command（英語：Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command）[55]

1985–2019

Naval Electronic Systems Command（英語：Naval Electronic Systems Command）[55]

1966–1985

Naval Air Systems Command[55]

1964–1974[ab]

Naval Material Command（英語：Naval Material Command）[55]

1966–1974[ac]

Bureau of Naval Weapons（英語：Bureau of Naval Weapons）[55]

1962–1965[ad]

Bureau of Ships（英語：Bureau of Ships）[55]

1961–1964[ae]

Project Vanguard（英語：Project Vanguard） (Naval Research Laboratory)[55]

1955–1958[af]

Naval Research Laboratory[55]

1944–1955[ag]
First Air Force (Air Combat Command)[56] 2021
United States Coast Guard Research and Development Center（英語：United States Coast Guard Research and Development Center）[57] 2018

另見

[編輯]

註解

[編輯]
  1. ^ Established as an Air Force major command in 1946. Gained Defense Meteorological Satellite Program in 1963 and Aerospace Defense Command's space forces in 1980. Transferred space forces to Space Command from 1982 to 1984
  2. ^ Missile warning and space surveillance activities moved into Strategic Air Command in 1980 [來源請求]
  3. ^ Fourteenth Aerospace Force inactivated in 1976 and space responsibilities centralized directly under Aerospace Defense Command
  4. ^ Established as an Air Force major command in 1946. Gained space and missile warning responsibility in 1960
  5. ^ Transferred missile surveillance radars to Air Defense Command in 1964–1966[來源請求]
  6. ^ Transferred to Air Force Space Command in 2001 [來源請求]
  7. ^ Launch mission transferred to Air Force Space Command in 1990
  8. ^ Space and missile program transferred to Air Research and Development Command in 1950
  9. ^ Space and missile program started in 1945 and space mission claimed in 1946[來源請求]
  10. ^ Missile interceptors moved into the Aerospace Forces' Air and Missile Defense Forces
  11. ^ Aerospace Defence Forces merged air defense and the Space Force's missile defense and space assets into one service
  12. ^ Merged into the Strategic Rocket Forces in 1997
  13. ^ Rocket and Space Defence Troops moved into the Strategic Rocket Forces, while aviation and air defense forces merged into the Russian Air Force in 1997
  14. ^ Established as an command in 1958. Gained space and missile warning responsibility in 1960
  15. ^ Specified combatant command from 1975 to 1986
  16. ^ Established as an combatant command in 1954. Gained space and missile warning responsibility in 1960
  17. ^ [p]
  18. ^ Skynet operations assumed by Airbus Defence and Space
  19. ^ Subordinated to Army Space and Strategic Defense Command in 1992
  20. ^ Space and rocket program transferred to NASA becoming the Marshall Space Flight Center
  21. ^ Ballistic missile program started in 1945
  22. ^ Defense Satellite Communications System（英語：Defense Satellite Communications System） transferred to Army Space Command
  23. ^ Activated to run the Defense Satellite Communications System（英語：Defense Satellite Communications System）
  24. ^ Communication and weather satellite projects started in 1958
  25. ^ Subordinated to Fleet Cyber Command/Tenth Fleet
  26. ^ Subordinated to Naval Space Command in 1983. Renamed the Naval Satellite Operations Center in 1990
  27. ^ Subordinated to Naval Space Command in 1983. Later transferred to Air Force Space Command's 20th Space Control Squadron（英語：20th Space Control Squadron） in 2004
  28. ^ Astronautics programs transferred to Naval Electronic Systems Command in 1974
  29. ^ Astronautics programs transferred to Naval Electronic Systems Command in 1974
  30. ^ Range operations transferred to Navy Material Command and astronautics programs transferred to Naval Air Systems Command in 1966
  31. ^ Assumed responsibility for satellite communications in 1961; responsibilities transferred to Naval Air Systems Command in 1964
  32. ^ Turned over to NASA in 1958 and became the core of Goddard Space Flight Center
  33. ^ Space science and rocketry program started in 1944

參考資料

[編輯]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 About Space Force. www.spaceforce.mil. [Aug 11, 2020]. 
  2. ^ Air Force Space Command (USAF). Air Force Historical Research Agency. [Aug 11, 2020]. 
  3. ^ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 Spires, David N. Beyond Horizons: A Half Century of Air Force Space Leadership (PDF) Revised. Air Force Space Command（英語：Air Force Space Command） in association with Air University Press（英語：Air University Press）. 1998. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於July 3, 2021）.Air Force Space Command（英語：-{Air Force Space Command}-） in association with Air University Press（英語：-{Air University Press}-）&rft_id=https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a355572.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book" class="Z3988"> 
  4. ^ 310th Space Wing: About Us:Factsheet 19th Space Operations Squadron. 310th Space Wing Public Affairs. May 29, 2013 [May 17, 2018]. 
  5. ^ 16th Space Control Squadron. Peterson Air Force Base. 
  6. ^ The United States should follow France's lead in space. SpaceNews. Sep 9, 2019 [Aug 11, 2020]. 
  7. ^ Mahlandt, Taylor. France Wants to Use Lasers to Protect Its Satellites. Slate Magazine. Aug 1, 2019 [Aug 11, 2020]. 
  8. ^ Iran's satellite launch carries more political weight than military significance. Apr 28, 2020 [Aug 11, 2020]. 
  9. ^ Space Forces : Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation. eng.mil.ru. 
  10. ^ Bodner, Matthew. Russian Military Merges Air Force and Space Command. The Moscow Times. Aug 3, 2015 [Aug 11, 2020]. 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Russian and Chinese Responses to U.S. Military Plans in Space | American Academy of Arts and Sciences. www.amacad.org. 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 История : Министерство обороны Российской Федерации. structure.mil.ru. 
  13. ^ Russian military space program (PDF). [2022-03-09]. 
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 History : Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation. eng.mil.ru. 
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 The Space Review: Self-defense in space: protecting Russian spacecraft from ASAT attacks. www.thespacereview.com. 
  16. ^ История : Министерство обороны Российской Федерации. structure.mil.ru. 
  17. ^ Raghuvanshi, Vivek. India to launch a defense-based space research agency. Defense News. Jun 12, 2019 [Aug 11, 2020]. 
  18. ^ Rocket Lab's secret payload owned by Mexican defence agency. Stuff. July 21, 2019. 
  19. ^ NATO agrees new Space Centre at Allied Air Command. ac.nato.int. 
  20. ^ Who we are. ac.nato.int. [Aug 11, 2020]. 
  21. ^ U.S. Space Command signs space data sharing agreement with Peru. SpaceNews. May 20, 2020. 
  22. ^ Jeong, Jeff. South Korea changes spy satellite developer for $930M project. Defense News. April 30, 2018. 
  23. ^ UK Space Command. GOV.UK. 
  24. ^ 24.0 24.1 Bowen, Bleddyn E. The Integrated Review and UK Spacepower: The Search for Strategy (PDF). Freeman Air and Space Institute, School of Security Studies, King’s College London. July 2019. 
  25. ^ United States Space Command Fact Sheet. United States Space Command. [Aug 11, 2020]. 
  26. ^ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 Re-establishing U.S. Space Command. purview.dodlive.mil. [Aug 11, 2020]. 
  27. ^ Archived copy (PDF). [2021-03-13]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2021-03-04）. 
  28. ^ Abbott, Jaimie. First Space Operations Unit (PDF). Air Force. Vol. 57 no. 9 (Royal Australian Air Force). May 21, 2015: 12–13. 
  29. ^ Brazilian Satellite Launched to Ensure Military Communications and End Digital Apartheid. www.defense-aerospace.com. 
  30. ^ 3 Canadian Space Division - Royal Canadian Air Force. 22 July 2022. 
  31. ^ Welcome - Defense One. cdn.defenseone.com. [Aug 11, 2020]. 
  32. ^ Stokes, Mark A.; Cheng, Dean. China's evolving space capabilities: implications for U.S. interests. April 26, 2012. 
  33. ^ German Bundeswehr sets up space command center | DW | 13.07.2021. Deutsche Welle. 
  34. ^ German military launches space junk tracking system | DW | 21.09.2020. DW.COM. 
  35. ^ Shalal, Andrea. Germany expands a centre for space junk to deal with new threats. Reuters. August 17, 2016 –透過www.reuters.com. 
  36. ^ Israel Exploits Space Technologies, Capabilities. SIGNAL Magazine. February 24, 2011. 
  37. ^ Johnston, Eric. Japan's new space squadron takes a giant leap forward. The Japan Times. June 2, 2020. 
  38. ^ Luxembourg eyes Earth-observation satellite for military and government. SpaceNews. November 7, 2017. 
  39. ^ The Netherlands ready to launch first military nanosatellite. ac.nato.int. 
  40. ^ Limited, Bangkok Post Public Company. Air force satellite Napa-1 launched –透過www.bangkokpost.com. 
  41. ^ Ambitious Turkey Seeking To Sync National Air and Space Firepower. SpaceNews. July 1, 2013. 
  42. ^ Chuter, Andrew. Former fighter pilot picked to lead British military's space command. Defense News. Jan 15, 2020 [Aug 11, 2020]. 
  43. ^ Kiralfy, R.J.C. Current issues for RAF Oakhanger and Number 1001 Signals Unit. IEE Colloquium on Military Satellite Communications II 1997. 1997: 5/1–5/6. doi:10.1049/ic:19971068. 
  44. ^ StackPath. www.rafmuseum.org.uk. 
  45. ^ History. www.smdc.army.mil. [Aug 11, 2020]. 
  46. ^ In October 1997, the U (PDF). [2022-03-09]. 
  47. ^ 47.0 47.1 47.2 In October 1997, the U (PDF). [2022-03-09]. 
  48. ^ 48.0 48.1 48.2 48.3 In October 1997, the U (PDF). [2022-03-09]. 
  49. ^ 49.0 49.1 49.2 49.3 49.4 49.5 49.6 In October 1997, the U (PDF). [2022-03-09]. 
  50. ^ 50.0 50.1 50.2 In October 1997, the U (PDF). [2022-03-09]. 
  51. ^ 51.0 51.1 Athey, Philip. Marine Corps Forces Space Command is here. Marine Corps Times. November 18, 2020. 
  52. ^ US Fleet Cyber Command, US Navy Space Command welcome new VADM. United States Space Command. 
  53. ^ U.S. Fleet Cyber Command / Commander, U.S. 10th Fleet. www.fcc.navy.mil. 
  54. ^ 54.0 54.1 Wagner, Gary R. Naval Network and Space Operations Command Established. [26 August 2018] （英語）. 
  55. ^ 55.00 55.01 55.02 55.03 55.04 55.05 55.06 55.07 55.08 55.09 55.10 From the Sea to the Stars. public2.nhhcaws.local. 
  56. ^ First Air Force designated as air component to US Space Command. U.S. Air Force. 
  57. ^ Coast Guard, DHS S&T Venture into Space with Polar Scout Launch. United States Coast Guard. 
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