Memento mori
外观
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Memento mori(拉丁語片語,意思為「勿忘你終有一死」[2])是中世紀西方基督教對必死性之反思的理論及實踐,尤其是作為一種思索塵世之虛幻和一切物質與和世俗工作之短暫的方式。它經常和死亡艺术(拉丁語:ars moriendi)及类似文學相提並論。「Memento mori」成為了禁慾主義的一條重要戒律,藉此培養超脫和其他美德、將精力轉移到靈魂不死與死後的世界,來完善人格。[3]
在藝術中,「memento mori」(台灣譯「死亡象徵」[4])是提醒人固有一死的藝術性和象徵性的話語。[2]在歐洲基督教語境中,「『Memento mori』這一表述隨着基督教的壯大而發展,它強調了天國、地獄,以及死後的靈魂救贖。」[5]
翻譯
[编辑]在拉丁语中,「Memento」是「meminī」的将来祈使式的主动语态的第二人称单数形式,意思是“记住”,通常带有警告的语气“记住!”。「Mori」是异态动词「morior」的现在不定式的主动语态,意思是“死去”。[6]
換言之,其意思為「記住死亡」(remember death)或「記住你會死亡」(remember that you will die)。[7]
參考資料
[编辑]- ^ Campbell, Lorne. Van der Weyden. London: Chaucer Press, 2004. 89. ISBN 1-904449-24-7
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Literally 'remember (that you have) to die' (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Oxford English Dictionary, Third Edition, June 2001.
- ^ 見Jeremy Taylor《Holy Living and Holy Dying》。
- ^ 死亡象徵 memento mori (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)-國家教育研究院
- ^ Final Farewell: The Culture of Death and the Afterlife. Museum of Art and Archaeology, University of Missouri. [13 January 2015]. (原始内容存档于2010-06-06).
- ^ Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, ss.vv.
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary, Third Edition, s.v.
外部連結
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维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源:Memento mori
- Apologeticus (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Memento mori and vanitas elements in the funerary art at St. John's Co-Cathedral, Valletta, Malta (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), an article on memento mori and ars moriendi appearing in the journal Treasures of Malta, December 2004
- Memento Mori, an article appearing on the website of the Museum of Art and Archaeology
- Several articles on this topic at the Matheson Trust Library. (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
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