^ 1.001.011.021.031.041.051.061.071.081.091.101.111.121.13Lombard, like a number of other languages, has final devoicing of obstruents, as well as final voicing of normally-devoiced consonants (except stops) immediately before other voiced or nasal consonants: Western pesg d'inscì[ˌpeːʒ dĩˈʃi], Eastern pès d'isé[ˌpɛz diˈse]. In such cases, word-final /dz/, /dʒ/, /tʃ/ and /ts/ may reduce to respectively, [z], [ʒ], [ʃ], [s] in the West, and in the East, /dʒ/ and /tʃ/ are generally realized as [j].
^ 2.02.12.22.3/dz/ and /ts/ contrast with /z/ and /s/ only in some Western dialects.
^ 3.03.13.23.33.43.5Complete regressive assimilation at word boundaries is common in regular speech: it occurs between a final occlusive and the initial consonant of the following word. In such instances, /z/ becomes [dz] and [h] turns back to [s].
^ 4.04.14.2/ʒ/ is phonemically distinctive only in a few areas of Western Lombardy. Everywhere else, it is realized as [dʒ] or (certain Eastern dialects) [z]. Note that [ʒ] may also be an allophonic rendering of preconsonantal /z/ in dialects such as Comasco.
^ 5.05.1In some Eastern variants, /s/ is pronounced [h], which leads the /s(t)j/ cluster to be realized as [htʃ] or, after a consonant, [tʃ].
^ 6.06.1Western Lombard generally drops word-final /l/ after a long vowel (pedrioeu[pedriˈøː], Eastern pedriöl[pedriˈøl]). In addition, its northern dialects have rhotacized Latin non-geminate /l/ in all (semi)vowel-internal instances ([ˈskʰɔla] → [ˈskøːra]; compare [ˈbʊlːa] → [ˈbula]).
^ 7.07.17.27.3In dialects that feature syllable-final nasals, assimilation to the following consonant always takes place even in an ending nasal stop cluster, and the stop is dropped before another one (Eastern guànt biànch[ˌɡwam ˈbjaŋk], Western guant bianch[ˌɡwãː ˈbjãːk]).
^ 8.08.18.28.38.48.58.6Only the Western varieties feature nasal vowels, as the realization of a vowel followed by a phonemic nasal consonant within a closed syllable (Western temp[ˈtẽːp], Eastern tép[ˈtep]), the only exceptions being word-final vowels followed by a nasal other than /n/ and word-final stressed short vowels plus /n/. Those are nearly the only cases for which Eastern Lombard has the same realization (Western Giovann[dʒuˈʋan], Eastern Gioàn[dʒoˈan]; compare Milan[miˈlãː] and Milà[miˈla]). All stressed nasal vowels are long, and Eastern dialects always render them by a vowel alone word-finally and sometimes word-internally.
^In Eastern dialects, /ʃ/ may occur only in foreign borrowings, along with /ʎ/.
^Compare Eastern Lombard postvocalic /v/-dropping: caèi[kaˈɛj], on pó de ènt[om ˈpo de ˈɛnt].
^Only in Western dialects, but few minimal pairs actually occur, and vowel length is phonemic, with long vowels appearing only in stressed positions. In Eastern dialects, the same contrast tends to be expressed through vowel quality or other means (Western god[ˈɡuːt] "he/she enjoys", gott[ˈgut] "drops", Eastern gót[ˈɡot], góte[ˈɡotɛ]).
^ 12.012.112.2In some Western dialects of the north, unstressed /e/ of some words is [a], but in others, it is [i].
^ 13.013.1Final rounding of unstressed /a/ to [ɔ] is possible in Eastern dialects.
^ 14.014.1Eastern unstressed /e/ is pronounced either high-mid [e] or low-mid [ɛ].
^ 15.015.115.215.315.4[oː] is a north Western rendering of certain occurrences of stressed /ɔ/ (alterning with [øː] in other realizations), /aː/ (both corresponding to /o/ in the East), and of /øː/ (alterning with [ɔ] in other realizations and equivalent to Eastern /ø/).
