U1.11

U1.11是一個超大類星體群，坐落在獅子座和室女座之間，是已知的最大的超大類星體群之一，估計最大直徑達780百萬秒差距^[1]，含有39個類星體。2011年，它在斯隆數碼化巡天研究時被發現。2012年11月發現Huge-LQG前，U1.11是宇宙中已知的最大結構，打破了克勞斯-坎普薩諾超大類星體群持續20年作為最大已知結構的記錄。

特性

U1.11距克勞斯-坎普薩諾超大類星體群約2°^[1]，紅移量為1.11（換算後約88億光年遠），因而得名U1.11^[1]。它毗鄰克勞斯-坎普薩諾超大類星體群，相對靠近另外一個超大類星體群U1.54^[1]，包含了38個類星體，^[1]可能觸發過大尺度纖維狀結構的演化。

宇宙論原則

根據宇宙論原則，宇宙中不同部分內部的物質和能量的隨機分佈必須近似地均勻且各向同性，這些物體如果展現在一個足夠大的尺度上時，它們隨機過密必須要小。同時亞達夫展示了結構性尺寸的最大值約為260百萬秒差距^[2] 同時其他科學家給出了70-130百萬秒差距的值^[3]^[4]^[5]，而最近計算表明這個值在370百萬秒差距以內，但U1.11的尺寸是上述數字的兩倍。其他已發現結構比上述的尺寸更大（一些結構超過上述尺寸8倍之多，如武仙-北冕座長城）。這個數值接近於Huge-LQG、克勞斯-坎普薩諾超大類星體群和U1.54。^[1] 這對於現代宇宙學模型來說是一個大挑戰。

參考資料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Clowes, Roger; Luis E. Campusano; Matthew J. Graham & Ilona K. S¨ochting. Two close Large Quasar Groups of size ∼ 350 Mpc at z ∼ 1.2. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2012, 419: 556. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.419..556C. arXiv:1108.6221  . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19719.x.
^ Yadav, Jaswant; J. S. Bagla & Nishikanta Khandai. Fractal dimension as a measure of the scale of homogeneity. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 25 February 2010, 405 (3): 2009–2015. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.405.2009Y. arXiv:1001.0617  . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16612.x.
^ Hogg, David W.; Eisenstein, Daniel J.; Blanton, Michael R.; Bahcall, Neta A.; Brinkmann, J.; Gunn, James E.; Schneider, Donald P. Cosmic Homogeneity Demonstrated with Luminous Red Galaxies. The Astrophysical Journal. 2005, 624: 54. Bibcode:2005ApJ...624...54H. arXiv:astro-ph/0411197  . doi:10.1086/429084.
^ Scrimgeour, Morag I.; et al. The WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey: The transition to large-scale cosmic homogeneity. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2012, 425: 116. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.425..116S. arXiv:1205.6812  . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21402.x.
^ Nadathur, S. Seeing patterns in noise: Gigaparsec-scale 'structures' that do not violate homogeneity. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2013, 434: 398. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.434..398N. arXiv:1306.1700  . doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1028.

[ClowesSep2011-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Clowes, Roger; Luis E. Campusano; Matthew J. Graham & Ilona K. S¨ochting. Two close Large Quasar Groups of size ∼ 350 Mpc at z ∼ 1.2. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2012, 419: 556. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.419..556C. arXiv:1108.6221  . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19719.x.

[Yadav-2] Yadav, Jaswant; J. S. Bagla & Nishikanta Khandai. Fractal dimension as a measure of the scale of homogeneity. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 25 February 2010, 405 (3): 2009–2015. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.405.2009Y. arXiv:1001.0617  . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16612.x.

[Hogg-3] Hogg, David W.; Eisenstein, Daniel J.; Blanton, Michael R.; Bahcall, Neta A.; Brinkmann, J.; Gunn, James E.; Schneider, Donald P. Cosmic Homogeneity Demonstrated with Luminous Red Galaxies. The Astrophysical Journal. 2005, 624: 54. Bibcode:2005ApJ...624...54H. arXiv:astro-ph/0411197  . doi:10.1086/429084.

[Scrimgeour-4] Scrimgeour, Morag I.; et al. The WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey: The transition to large-scale cosmic homogeneity. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2012, 425: 116. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.425..116S. arXiv:1205.6812  . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21402.x.

[Nadathur-5] Nadathur, S. Seeing patterns in noise: Gigaparsec-scale 'structures' that do not violate homogeneity. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2013, 434: 398. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.434..398N. arXiv:1306.1700  . doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1028.

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