^The names of 103 competitors are known. Up to 7 unknown swimmers, 22 unknown shooters, and 44 unknown gymnasts competed for a total of 176. Most historians reduce the number of swimmers to 6 unknowns, saying that two of the entries were by the same swimmer, as well as noting that the 104 known competitors include three gymnasts who probably were among the 44 unnamed competitors in the team event. These two changes reduce the total competitors to 172. A comparison of Mallon's tables of multiple-event athletes indicates that he believes 3 of the unknown gymnasts also competed in other sports, reducing the number further to 169, which is the number he uses for Greece, Smyrna and Cyprus.
Lampros, S.P.; Polites, N.G.; De Coubertin, Pierre; Philemon, P.J.; & Anninos, C. The Olympic Games: BC 776 – AD 1896. Athens: Charles Beck. 1897. (Digitally available at [1]（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）)
Mallon, Bill; & Widlund, Ture. The 1896 Olympic Games. Results for All Competitors in All Events, with Commentary. Jefferson: McFarland. 1998. ISBN 0-7864-0379-9. (Excerpt available at [2])
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