阿努爾夫三世 (佛蘭德)

阿努爾夫三世
阿努爾夫三世;
佛蘭德伯爵
在位	1070年 — 1071年
前任	博杜安六世
繼任	羅貝爾一世
出生	約1055年
逝世	1071年2月22日（15—16歲）; 卡塞勒，卡塞勒之戰（英语：Battle of Cassel (1071)）
貴族	佛蘭德家族
父親	博杜安六世
母親	埃諾的里齊爾德勒（英语：Richilde, Countess of Hainaut）

阿努爾夫三世（法語：Arnoul III de Flandre，約1055年—1071年2月22日），佛蘭德伯爵（1070年至1071年在位）。

生平

阿努爾夫出生於約1055年，是佛蘭德伯爵博杜安六世與埃諾的里齊爾德勒（英语：Richilde, Countess of Hainaut）的長子^[1]1070年，博杜安六世臨終前將佛蘭德伯國留給他的長子阿努爾夫，將由依據妻權得來的埃諾伯國留給幼子博杜安，並規定如果其中一方先於另一方去世，他也將繼承另一方的伯國^[2]。鮑德溫六世進一步將未成年兒子阿努爾夫的監護權委託給他的弟弟羅貝爾，羅貝爾一世向他宣誓效忠，並鄭重承諾保護他的侄子^[2]。里齊爾德勒將擔任佛蘭德伯國的攝政，直到阿努爾夫成年為止^[3]。

1070年，當父親去世後，羅貝爾違背誓言並對繼承權提出異議^[4]。里齊爾德勒向法國國王腓力一世求助，後者傳喚羅貝爾至王庭^[5]。羅貝爾拒絕並繼續對里齊爾德勒和阿努爾夫的勢力範圍進行侵略，此時腓力一世集結了一支軍隊，並將其帶到佛蘭德伯國^[4]。法國軍隊由諾曼軍隊陪同，可能是阿努爾夫的姑姑英格蘭王后佛蘭德的瑪蒂爾達派出的，由威廉·菲茨奧斯本（英语：William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford）率領^[3]。與阿努爾夫三世結盟的還有布洛涅伯爵（英语：Count of Boulogne）尤斯塔斯二世，他為年輕的伯爵及其母親提供相當大的支持^[6]。1071年2月22日，兩軍在卡塞勒之戰（英语：Battle of Cassel (1071)）中相遇.^[3]。在那次交戰中，羅貝爾的軍隊最終取得勝^[a]，但羅貝爾本人被俘虜，而他的軍隊又俘獲伯爵夫人里齊爾德勒。作為交換，兩人都被釋放，戰鬥繼續直至結束^[5]。死者包括阿努爾夫，他可能是被第一代切斯特伯爵弗萊明格博德（英语：Gerbod the Fleming, 1st Earl of Chester）殺死的^[b]^[7]。這場戰鬥的結果是羅貝爾聲稱獲得佛蘭德伯爵領地^[5]。伯爵夫人里齊爾德勒和她的兒子博杜安返回埃諾伯國，但繼續煽動針對羅貝爾一世的敵對行動^[5]。由於阿努爾夫三世去世時未成年且未婚，因此沒有任何子嗣^[1]。

參考

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue folge, Band II (Marburg, Germany: Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafel 5
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Gilbert of Mons, Chronicle of Hainaut, Trans. Laura Napran (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2005), p. 5
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Renée Nip, 'The Political Relations between England and Flanders (1066–1128)', Anglo-Norman Studies 21: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 1998, Ed. Christopher Harper-Bill (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 1999), p. 154
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Jim Bradbury, The Capetians: The History of a Dynasty (987–1328) (London & New York: Hambledon Continuum, 2007), p. 114
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Gilbert of Mons, Chronicle of Hainaut, Trans. Laura Napran (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2005), p. 6
^ Heather J. Tanner, Families, Friends, and Allies: Boulogne and Politics in Northern France and England, c.879–1160 (Leiden: Konninklijke Brill NV, 2004), p. 104
^ Renée Nip, 'The Political Relations between England and Flanders (1066–1128)', Anglo-Norman Studies 21: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 1998, Ed. Christopher Harper-Bill (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 1999), p. 155

備註

^ The outcome of the battle itself was not a clear victory for either side, but the fact that Arnulf was killed during the battle led to Robert's perceived victory by his recognition as Count of Flanders. See: Heather Tanner, Families, Friends, and Allies (Brill, 2004), 104.
^ Gerbod the Fleming, Earl of Chester and hereditary advocate of the Abbey of Saint Bertin at Saint-Omer, Flanders, had obtained permission of William the Conqueror to return to Flanders, ostensibly to tend to his affairs there. See: C.P. Lewis, 'The Formation of the Honor of Chester, 1066-1100 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）,' The Earldom of Chester and its Charters; A Tribute to Geoffrey Barraclough, Ed. A.T. Thacker, Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society, Chester, Vol. 71, 1991, p.39. doi:10.5284/1070311 He was at the Battle of Cassel in early 1071 and according to Gilbert of Mons killed Arnulf III in battle. After realizing he had killed the rightful count of Flanders who was also the Conqueror's nephew, he fled to Rome to seek forgiveness for the sin of killing his liege lord. The Pope, Gregory VII, sent him to Hugh of Cluny, Abbot of Cluny, who permitted him to become a monk at Cluny Abbey. See: Karl Hanquet (ed.), La Chronique de Saint-Hubert dite Cantatorium (Hayez, Imprimeur de L'Academie, Bruxelles, 1906), pp. 66-67; Gilbert of Mons, Chronicle of Hainaut, Translated by Laura Napran (Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 2005), pp. 6-7.

阿努爾夫三世 (佛蘭德) 佛蘭德家族出生于：約1055年逝世於：1071年2月22日
法國貴族爵位
前任者：博杜安六世	佛蘭德伯爵 1070年–1071年	繼任者：羅貝爾一世

[ESII5-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue folge, Band II (Marburg, Germany: Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafel 5

[COH5-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Gilbert of Mons, Chronicle of Hainaut, Trans. Laura Napran (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2005), p. 5

[PR154-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Renée Nip, 'The Political Relations between England and Flanders (1066–1128)', Anglo-Norman Studies 21: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 1998, Ed. Christopher Harper-Bill (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 1999), p. 154

[TCHD114-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Jim Bradbury, The Capetians: The History of a Dynasty (987–1328) (London & New York: Hambledon Continuum, 2007), p. 114

[COH6-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Gilbert of Mons, Chronicle of Hainaut, Trans. Laura Napran (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2005), p. 6

[6] Heather J. Tanner, Families, Friends, and Allies: Boulogne and Politics in Northern France and England, c.879–1160 (Leiden: Konninklijke Brill NV, 2004), p. 104

[9] Renée Nip, 'The Political Relations between England and Flanders (1066–1128)', Anglo-Norman Studies 21: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 1998, Ed. Christopher Harper-Bill (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 1999), p. 155

[7] The outcome of the battle itself was not a clear victory for either side, but the fact that Arnulf was killed during the battle led to Robert's perceived victory by his recognition as Count of Flanders. See: Heather Tanner, Families, Friends, and Allies (Brill, 2004), 104.

[8] Gerbod the Fleming, Earl of Chester and hereditary advocate of the Abbey of Saint Bertin at Saint-Omer, Flanders, had obtained permission of William the Conqueror to return to Flanders, ostensibly to tend to his affairs there. See: C.P. Lewis, 'The Formation of the Honor of Chester, 1066-1100 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）,' The Earldom of Chester and its Charters; A Tribute to Geoffrey Barraclough, Ed. A.T. Thacker, Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society, Chester, Vol. 71, 1991, p.39. doi:10.5284/1070311 He was at the Battle of Cassel in early 1071 and according to Gilbert of Mons killed Arnulf III in battle. After realizing he had killed the rightful count of Flanders who was also the Conqueror's nephew, he fled to Rome to seek forgiveness for the sin of killing his liege lord. The Pope, Gregory VII, sent him to Hugh of Cluny, Abbot of Cluny, who permitted him to become a monk at Cluny Abbey. See: Karl Hanquet (ed.), La Chronique de Saint-Hubert dite Cantatorium (Hayez, Imprimeur de L'Academie, Bruxelles, 1906), pp. 66-67; Gilbert of Mons, Chronicle of Hainaut, Translated by Laura Napran (Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 2005), pp. 6-7.

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