格莱美奖最佳新人
格莱美奖最佳新人(The Grammy Award for Best New Artist)是格莱美奖中颁发给前一年内获得突出成就的乐坛新人的奖项,于1959年第2届格莱美奖开始设立,除1967年外每年颁发。[1]格莱美奖是美国音乐界的最大奖项,[2]由美国国家录音艺术科学学院负责颁发,奖项由学院的专业人士投票评选。“最佳新人”与“年度制作”、“年度专辑”、“年度歌曲”一同被视为格莱美奖四个最重要的“一般类”奖项,[3]格莱美奖对“新人”的认定规则多次变化,目前由专门的评审委员会来判定候选歌手是否是“新人”。[4]奖项设立时,每届提名5位歌手或团体,自2019年第61届格莱美奖起增加至8位。[5]
格莱美奖最佳新人 | |
---|---|
授予对象 | 首次取得突出成就的乐坛新人 |
国家/地区 | 美国 |
主办单位 | 美國國家錄音藝術科學學院 |
首次颁发 | 1959年 |
應屆得主 | 維多利亞·莫奈 (2023年) |
官方网站 | http://www.grammy.com/ |
自奖项创立开始至2015年已有54位歌手或团体获此殊荣,其中包括24位独唱女歌手,11位独唱男歌手和19个团体或组合。1997年至2003年的7年间,获奖歌手全部是独唱女歌手,而自1992年马克·科恩获奖之后连续14年未有独唱男歌手获奖,直至2006年约翰传奇获奖才结束这一趋势。历史上全部的获奖者中有11位歌手来自美国之外的国家,1984年更是首次出现所有提名歌手均来自美国以外的国家(文化俱乐部、舞韵合唱团和Musical Youth来自英格兰,大乡野合唱团来自苏格兰,而无帽子乐队来自加拿大)。[6]
获奖者列表
编辑- 注:
最佳新人的诅咒
编辑許多艺人在获得格莱美奖最佳新人之后,事业就无法再达到刚出道时的成功,这一现象在1970年代末至1980年代初尤为突出,被称作“最佳新人的诅咒”。[169][170]1977年的最佳新人获奖者星境合唱團前成员塔菲·丹诺夫在2002年接受VH1采访时就说到自己乐队当时获得了五项提名,其中包括最佳新人在内的两项获奖,“基本上相当于与死神接吻了”。她还说,“我为每一位最佳新人得主感到遗憾。”[171]
“最佳新人”对艺人来说既是嘉奖,但也限制了其发展的空间。[172]迅速成名并获奖之后的艺人往往难以满足公众过高的期望,也难以再次达到之前的高度。[173]《福布斯》杂志曾引用波士顿学院教授斯宾塞·哈里森(Spencer Harrison)的观点,认为这一奖项可能将获奖者局限在某个特定的市场,而公众也对获奖者的音乐风格产生了固定的印象和过高的期望,从而限制了艺人风格的创新。另一方面,这些迅速获得成功的新人缺乏长期成功艺人的经验,对音乐产业中的隐性知识不够了解,难以在公众需求和艺术追求中找到平衡。此外,这些过早获得成功的艺人还容易过度关注作品的结果,而忽视了其艺术创作的过程。[172]
争议
编辑米利瓦尼利丑闻
编辑1990年格莱美奖最佳新人最初颁发给了德国二人团体米利·瓦尼利(Milli Vanilli),该团体由法博·莫尔文(Fab Morvan)与罗伯·皮拉特斯(Rob Pilatus)二人组成,其发行的首张专辑《Girl You Know It's True》在全球获得广泛成功。[168]然而不久之后,媒体曝光出该组合的丑闻,证实莫尔文与皮拉特斯二人没有参与专辑中任何一首歌曲的演唱,其所有的表演均为假唱,专辑中演唱歌曲的歌手另有其人。[174]其制作人随后于1990年11月14日承认,莫尔文与皮拉特斯二人确实没有演唱过专辑中的歌曲。[75]丑闻一经曝光便引发巨大轰动,国家录音艺术科学学院四天后宣布撤销其当年所获得的最佳新人奖,当年的这一奖项因此留空,这也成为格莱美奖历史上唯一一次取消已获奖者的奖项。[175][168]
评选资格争议
编辑格莱美奖最佳新人被称作格莱美奖中规则最复杂的一项,其中对“新人”的界定引发了诸多争议。[4]音樂史上有多位知名歌手因规则限制而无法获得提名:例如惠特妮·休斯顿的首张专辑于1985年发行,但由于她在1984年時发行过一支合唱单曲,1986年格莱美奖认定她不属于“新人”,她因此失去了最佳新人的提名资格[176];2010年格莱美奖中,在前一年大获成功的新人女神卡卡也因为规则限制而无法获得最佳新人的提名,她此前凭借单曲《Just Dance》获得了2009年格莱美奖的提名,但未能获奖,按照当时的规则,已经获得过格莱美奖提名的艺人将失去最佳新人的评选资格。國家錄音藝術科學學院之后更改了最佳新人的评选规则,自次年起,只要在提名有效期内有专辑发行,且此前未发行过完整专辑以及未获得过格莱美奖的艺人亦可获得最佳新人的评选资格。[177][178][179]
然而在2014年格莱美奖中,艾德·希兰获得最佳新人提名,再次引发争议。[180]艾德·希兰的首张专辑《 》已于2012年发行,其中的单曲《The A Team》已经获得2013年格莱美奖的年度歌曲。媒体质疑其并不符合最佳新人的评选资格,美国娱乐媒体Zap2it甚至指责最佳新人的评选“基本没有规则”。[180]格莱美奖对此作出官方解释,明确了最佳新人的评选规则。奖项要求歌手或团体在评选有效资格期内有作品发行,并且凭此作品使公众首次认同其“表演艺人”的身份,这一作品不一定是艺人的首个作品或首张专辑。因此,若此前获得过格莱美奖表演类奖项的提名,艺人将不能获得最佳新人的提名,除非该艺人此前获得的提名是客串其他歌手的唱片或单曲,或该艺人未发行过完整专辑。[4]官方解释称,艾德·希兰此前获得的年度歌曲是以词曲创作人身份获得的创作类奖项,并非表演类奖项;而他在当年亦有作品发行,因而严格来说仍符合提名资格,可以以表演艺人的身份获得当年最佳新人提名。[4]
2016年6月,国家录音艺术科学学院更新了最佳新人的评审规则,不再要求艺人在提名有效期内发行专辑,只要求入围者发行过至少5支单曲/歌曲或一张专辑,但最多不得超过30支单曲/歌曲或3张专辑。已经三次入围此奖项的艺人或团体将不得再次入围,其中包括曾以团体成员身份入围,但在前一年获得独唱事业突破的个人。[181]2020年这一规则再次改变,自第63届格莱美奖开始不再对入围者发行作品的数量设限,而是交由专门的审查委员会负责确定每个报名艺人是否在提名有效期内首次获得事业突破或成就。若委员会裁定艺人在提名有效期之前已经获得事业突破或成就,则取消其入围资格。[182][183]
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