勞亞獸總目

勞亞獸總目; 化石时期：65–0 Ma 分子鐘推定：76 Ma，还推定了可能更早的时期：91 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N 白垩纪晚期 → 现代（分子鐘）
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	哺乳纲 Mammalia
下纲：	真獸下綱 Eutheria
演化支：	有胎盤類 Placentalia
高目：	北方真兽高目 Boreoeutheria
总目：	勞亞獸總目 Laurasiatheria; Waddell et al., 1999
主要分支
	真盲缺目 Eulipotyphla; 有阴囊类 Scrotifera 翼手目 Chiroptera; 猛兽有蹄类 Fereuungulata 猛獸類 Ferae 鳞甲目 Pholidota; 食肉目 Carnivora; ; 真有蹄類 Euungulata 奇蹄目 Perissodactyla; 鯨偶蹄目 Cetartiodactyla; ; ; ;

勞亞獸總目（學名：Laurasiatheria）是通过分析对比DNA序列及反转录转座子标记（英语：Retrotransposon marker）而成立的一个哺乳动物演化支，隶属有胎盤類下的北方真兽高目，现存种类包括鼩鼱、刺猬、蝙蝠、穿山甲、食肉目、奇蹄动物、偶蹄动物和鯨類等^[3]，为哺乳纲中最大的總目级单位。“劳亚兽”一词是指此类哺乳动物起源于9100^[2]—7600^[1]万年前北半球的劳亚大陆，并在劳亚大陆演化扩散^[3]。

系统发生

根据分子遺傳學的研究结果，劳亚兽总目和其他真獸類的亲缘关系可能如下:

真獸下綱

北方真兽高目

	劳亚兽总目 Laurasiatheria

	靈長總目 Euarchontoglires

Boreoeutheria

大西洋真兽高目

	异关节总目 Xenarthra

	非洲獸總目 Afrotheria

Atlantogenata

Eutheria

根据大部分学者认可的猛兽有蹄类学说，劳亚兽总目内部的演化关系可能如下（基於线粒体 DNA、核 DNA 與蛋白质特徵構建）：^[2]^[4]^[5]

北方真兽高目

真魁兽啮型总目 Euarchontoglires

勞亞獸總目

真盲缺目 Eulipotyphla

有阴囊类

翼手目 Chiroptera

猛獸有蹄類

猛獸類

	鱗甲目 Pholidota

	食肉目 Carnivora

Ferae

真有蹄类

	奇蹄目 Perissodactyla

	鯨偶蹄目 Cetartiodactyla

Euungulata

Ferungulata

Scrotifera

Laurasiatheria

Boreoeutheria

下级分类

劳亚兽总目 Laurasiatheria（符号 † 表示已灭绝，? 表示存在疑问）
- 真盲缺目 Eulipotyphla
- 有阴囊类（脉兽类^[6]）Scrotifera
  - 翼手目 Chiroptera
  - 猛兽有蹄类 Ferungulata
    - ?†踝節目 Condylarthra（可能为多系群）
      - 真有蹄类 Euungulata
        中軸類 Mesaxonia
        †伪齿兽科 Phenacodontidae
        
        †炭丘齿兽科 Anthracobunidae
        
        †南美有蹄类 Meridiungulata
        ?†焦獸目 Pyrotheria
        
        ?†闪兽目 Astrapotheria
        
        †南方有蹄目 Notoungulata
        
        †滑距骨目 Litopterna
        
        †异蹄目 Xenungulata
        
        奇蹄目 Perissodactyla
        
        †恐角目 Dinocerata
        
        副軸類 Paraxonia
        ?†熊犬科 Arctocyonidae
        
        †中爪兽目 Mesonychia
        
        偶蹄目 Artiodactyla
    - 猛兽类 Ferae
      - †肉齿目 Creodonta（可能为多系群）
        †鬣齿兽目 Hyaenodonta
        
        †牛鬣兽目 Oxyaenodonta
      - 鳞甲形类 Pholidotamorpha
        鳞甲目 Pholidota
        
        †古乏齿兽目 Palaeanodonta
      - 食肉形类 Carnivoramorpha
        †古灵猫科 Viverravidae
        
        食肉型類 Carnivoraformes
        †细齿兽科 Miacidae
        
        食肉目 Carnivora

參考文献

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^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Zhou, Xuming; Xu, Shixia; Xu, Junxiao; Chen, Bingyao; Zhou, Kaiya & Yang, Guang. Phylogenomic Analysis Resolves the Interordinal Relationships and Rapid Diversification of the Laurasiatherian Mammals. Systematic Biology（英语：Systematic Biology）. 2011, 61 (1): 150–164. PMC 3243735  . PMID 21900649. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syr089.Systematic Biology（英语：-{Systematic Biology}-）''&rft.pages=150-164&rft.volume=61&rft_id=//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3243735&rft_id=//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3243735&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093/sysbio/syr089&rft_id=info:pmid/21900649&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal" class="Z3988">
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^ 孟津, 王元青, 李传夔. 中国古脊椎动物志: 第三卷–基干下孔类· 哺乳类: 第二册 (总第十五册)–原始哺乳类. 北京: 科学出版社. 2015. ISBN 978-7-03-046741-6.

延伸阅读

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[dosReis-1] 1.0 ^1.1 dos Reis, Mario; Inoue, Jun; Hasegawa, Masami; Asher, Robert J.; Donoghue, Philip C. J. & Yang, Ziheng. Phylogenomic datasets provide both precision and accuracy in estimating the timescale of placental mammal phylogeny. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2012, 279 (1742): 3491–3500. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 3396900  . PMID 22628470. doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.0683.

[Zhou-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Zhou, Xuming; Xu, Shixia; Xu, Junxiao; Chen, Bingyao; Zhou, Kaiya & Yang, Guang. Phylogenomic Analysis Resolves the Interordinal Relationships and Rapid Diversification of the Laurasiatherian Mammals. Systematic Biology（英语：Systematic Biology）. 2011, 61 (1): 150–164. PMC 3243735  . PMID 21900649. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syr089.Systematic Biology（英语：-{Systematic Biology}-）''&rft.pages=150-164&rft.volume=61&rft_id=//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3243735&rft_id=//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3243735&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093/sysbio/syr089&rft_id=info:pmid/21900649&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal" class="Z3988">

[Waddell-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Waddell, Peter J.; Okada, Norihiro & Hasegawa, Masami. Towards Resolving the Interordinal Relationships of Placental Mammals. Systematic Biology（英语：Systematic Biology）. 1999, 48 (1): 1–5. PMID 12078634. doi:10.1093/sysbio/48.1.1.Systematic Biology（英语：-{Systematic Biology}-）''&rft.pages=1-5&rft.volume=48&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093/sysbio/48.1.1&rft_id=info:pmid/12078634&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal" class="Z3988">

[Tsagkogeorga-4] Tsagkogeorga, G; Parker, J.; Stupka, E.; Cotton, J.A. & Rossiter, S.J. Phylogenomic analyses elucidate the evolutionary relationships of bats. Current Biology. 2013, 23 (22): 2262–2267. PMID 24184098. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.09.014  .

[Morgan-5] Morgan, C.C.; Foster, P.G.; Webb, A.E.; Pisani, D.; McInerney, J.O. & O'Connell, M.J. Heterogeneous models place the root of the placental mammal phylogeny. Molecular Biology and Evolution（英语：Molecular Biology and Evolution）. 2013, 30 (9): 2145–2256. PMC 3748356  . PMID 23813979. doi:10.1093/molbev/mst117.Molecular Biology and Evolution（英语：-{Molecular Biology and Evolution}-）''&rft.pages=2145-2256&rft.volume=30&rft_id=//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3748356&rft_id=//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3748356&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093/molbev/mst117&rft_id=info:pmid/23813979&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal" class="Z3988">

[中国古脊椎动物志-6] 孟津, 王元青, 李传夔. 中国古脊椎动物志: 第三卷–基干下孔类· 哺乳类: 第二册 (总第十五册)–原始哺乳类. 北京: 科学出版社. 2015. ISBN 978-7-03-046741-6.

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