Evidence-based review of the literature on intrathecal delivery of pain medication (Q34034073)

30 July 2017

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title

Evidence-based review of the literature on intrathecal delivery of pain medication (English)

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30 July 2017

Bennett G

1

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30 July 2017

Serafini M

2

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30 July 2017

Burchiel K

3

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30 July 2017

Buchser E

4

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30 July 2017

Classen A

5

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30 July 2017

Deer T

6

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30 July 2017

Du Pen S

7

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30 July 2017

Ferrante FM

8

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30 July 2017

Hassenbusch SJ

9

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30 July 2017

Lou L

10

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30 July 2017

Maeyaert J

11

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30 July 2017

Penn R

12

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30 July 2017

Portenoy RK

13

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30 July 2017

Rauck R

14

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30 July 2017

Willis KD

15

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30 July 2017

Yaksh T

16

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30 July 2017

publication date

1 August 2000

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Journal of Pain and Symptom Management

30 July 2017

published in

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30 July 2017

volume

20

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30 July 2017

issue

2

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30 July 2017

page(s)

S12-36

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The Metabolism of Morphine and Heroin in Man

30 July 2017

cites work

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Pain Relief by Intrathecally Applied Morphine in Man

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Pharmacokinetic aspects of intrathecal morphine analgesia

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7 January 2021

Distribution of morphine and meperidine after intrathecal administration in rat and mouse

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CSF distribution of morphine, methadone and sucrose after intrathecal injection

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Rate-limiting diffusion processes following intrathecal administration of morphine

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High-dose intrathecal morphine to control cancer pain—a case report

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Streptozotocin-induced diabetes selectively reduces antinociception mediated by mu 1-opioid receptors, but not that mediated by mu 2-opioid receptors

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Benefit from and tolerance to continuous intrathecal infusion of morphine for intractable cancer pain

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7 January 2021

Perineural, epidural and subarachnoid morphine for the relief of chronic pain

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Intrathecal narcotics in cancer pain--a case report

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Subcutaneous Morphine Is Superior to Intrathecal Morphine for Pain Control in a Patient with Hypernephroma

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7 January 2021

Selective spinal analgesia

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7 January 2021

Intrathecal and intraventricular morphine for pain in cancer patients: initial study

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7 January 2021

Relief of continuous chronic pain by intraspinal narcotics infusion via an implanted reservoir

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7 January 2021

Outcomes and complications of continuous intraspinal narcotic analgesia for cancer pain control

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7 January 2021

Cancer pain relief using chronic morphine infusion. Early experience with a programmable implanted drug pump

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7 January 2021

Intrathecal morphine for pelvic and sacral pain caused by cancer

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7 January 2021

Continuous infusion of spinally administered narcotics for the relief of pain due to malignant disorders

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7 January 2021

Intrathecal morphine for intractable pain secondary to cancer of pelvic organs

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7 January 2021

Administration of intraspinal morphine sulfate for the treatment of intractable cancer pain

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7 January 2021

Intraspinal morphine for cancer pain

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7 January 2021

Intrathecal therapy: rationale, technique, clinical results.

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7 January 2021

Chronic intrathecal morphine for intractable pain

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7 January 2021

Long term intrathecal administration of morphine: a comparison of bolus injection via reservoir with continuous infusion by implanted pump

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7 January 2021

Clinical experience of long-term treatment with epidural and intrathecal opioids--a nationwide survey

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7 January 2021

Long-term pain relief produced by intrathecal morphine infusion in 53 patients

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7 January 2021

Long-term spinal administration of morphine in cancer and non-cancer pain: a retrospective study

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7 January 2021

Intrathecal narcotics for relief of pain from head and neck cancer

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7 January 2021

Response of intractable pain to continuous intrathecal morphine: a retrospective study

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7 January 2021

Intrathecal infusional analgesia for nonmalignant pain: analgesic efficacy of intrathecal opioid with or without bupivacaine

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7 January 2021

Intrathecal morphine in the treatment of chronic intractable pain

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7 January 2021

Spinal analgesia in terminal care: risk versus benefit

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7 January 2021

Long Term Treatment of Intractable Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy With Intrathecal Morphine

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7 January 2021

Analysis of breakthrough pain in 50 patients treated with intrathecal morphine infusion therapy. Development of tolerance or infusion system malfunction

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7 January 2021

Intraspinal morphine for chronic pain: a retrospective, multicenter study

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7 January 2021

Long-term effects of continuous intrathecal opioid treatment in chronic pain of nonmalignant etiology

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7 January 2021

Intrathecal infusion systems for treatment of chronic low back and leg pain of noncancer origin

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7 January 2021

Long-term intrathecal infusion of morphine in the home care of patients with advanced cancer

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7 January 2021

Does Intrathecal Morphine in the Treatment of Cancer Pain Induce the Development of Tolerance?

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7 January 2021

Intrathecal morphine delivered via subcutaneous pump for intractable pain in pancreatic cancer

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7 January 2021

Long-term intraspinal infusions of opioids in the treatment of neuropathic pain

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7 January 2021

Intrathecal Morphine Pump as a Treatment Option in Chronic Pain of Nonmalignant Origin

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7 January 2021

A prospective study of long-term intrathecal morphine in the management of chronic nonmalignant pain

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7 January 2021

Present state of extradural and intrathecal opioid analgesia in Sweden. A nationwide follow-up survey

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7 January 2021

Retrospective consideration of the doses of morphine given intrathecally by chronic infusion in 163 patients by 19 physicians

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7 January 2021

Efficacy and technical complications of long-term continuous intraspinal infusions of opioid and/or bupivacaine in refractory nonmalignant pain: a comparison between the epidural and the intrathecal approach with externalized or implanted catheters

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7 January 2021

Sufentanil. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use.

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7 January 2021

Studies of the pharmacology and pathology of intrathecally administered 4-anilinopiperidine analogues and morphine in the rat and cat.

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7 January 2021

Spinal delivery of sufentanil, alfentanil, and morphine in dogs. Physiologic and toxicologic investigations.

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7 January 2021

Respiratory arrest after epidural sufentanil

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7 January 2021

Cervical radiculopathy treated by infusion of epidural analgesics in homebound patients

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7 January 2021

Low-dose bupivacaine does not improve postoperative epidural fentanyl analgesia in orthopedic patients

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7 January 2021

Fentanyl decreases beta-CIT binding to the dopamine transporter

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7 January 2021

Labour analgesia with intrathecal fentanyl decreases maternal stress

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7 January 2021

Randomised comparison of combined spinal-epidural and standard epidural analgesia in labour

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7 January 2021

Epidural analgesia following upper abdominal surgery: United Kingdom practice

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7 January 2021

Use of patient-controlled analgesia to compare the efficacy of epidural to intravenous fentanyl administration

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7 January 2021

Fentanyl: clinical use as postoperative analgesic--epidural/intrathecal route

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7 January 2021

Epidural and intravenous fentanyl produce equivalent effects during major surgery

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7 January 2021

Epidural versus intramuscular fentanyl. Analgesia and pharmacokinetics in labour

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7 January 2021

A double-blind comparison of epidural bupivacaine and bupivacaine-fentanyl for caesarean section.

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7 January 2021

The Dose-Response Relation of Intrathecal Fentanyl for Labor Analgesia

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7 January 2021

Epidural and intrathecal opioids for postoperative pain management in Europe--a 17-nation questionnaire study of selected hospitals. Euro Pain Study Group on Acute Pain

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7 January 2021

Epidural fentanyl, with and without epinephrine for post-Caesarean section analgesia

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7 January 2021

A randomized double-blind comparison of epidural versus intravenous fentanyl infusion for analgesia after thoracotomy

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7 January 2021

Intrathecal fentanyl prolongs sensory bupivacaine spinal block

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7 January 2021

Ventilatory effects of subarachnoid fentanyl in the elderly.

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7 January 2021

Specific enhancement by fentanyl of the effects of intrathecal bupivacaine on nociceptive afferent but not on sympathetic efferent pathways in dogs.

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7 January 2021

Postoperative analgesia for Caesarean section using epidural methadone

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7 January 2021

Urinary function during epidural analgesia with methadone and morphine in post-cesarean section patients

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7 January 2021

Side-effects of epidural infusions of opioid bupivacaine mixtures

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7 January 2021

Comparison of epidural methadone with epidural diamorphine for analgesia following caesarean section

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7 January 2021

Intrathecal methadone: a dose-response study and comparison with intrathecal morphine 0.5 mg.

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7 January 2021

Intrathecal methadone and morphine for postoperative analgesia: a comparison of the efficacy, duration, and side effects

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7 January 2021

Epidural methadone for analgesic management of patients with conservatively treated proximal femoral fractures

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7 January 2021

Cerebrospinal fluid distribution of opioids after intraventricular & lumbar subarachnoid administration in sheep

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7 January 2021

Outcomes of epidural morphine treatment in cancer pain: nine years of clinical experience

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7 January 2021

The antinociceptive effects of epidural opiates in the cat: studies of the pharmacology and the effects of lipophilicity in spinal analgesia

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7 January 2021

Postoperative analgesia using epidural methadone. Administration by the lumbar route for thoracic pain relief

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7 January 2021

Epidural pethidine: pharmacology and clinical experience.

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7 January 2021

Bupivacaine decreases epidural meperidine requirements after abdominal surgery

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7 January 2021

Pharmacokinetics of intrathecal morphine and meperidine in humans

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7 January 2021

Continuous Intrathecal Meperidine via an Implantable Infusion Pump for Chronic, Nonmalignant Pain

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7 January 2021

The stability of mixtures of morphine hydrochloride, bupivacaine hydrochloride, and clonidine hydrochloride in portable pump reservoirs for the management of chronic pain syndromes

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7 January 2021

Stability of local anesthetics in heparinized blood, plasma and sulfuric acid

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7 January 2021

Effect of glucose 5% solution and bupivacaine hydrochloride on absorption of sufentanil citrate in a portable pump reservoir during storage and simulated infusion by an epidural catheter

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7 January 2021

Stability of bupivacaine hydrochloride and hydromorphone hydrochloride during simulated epidural coadministration.

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7 January 2021

Stability of bupivacaine hydrochloride with diamorphine hydrochloride in an epidural infusion

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7 January 2021

Diamorphine and bupivacaine mixtures: an in vitro study of microbiological safety

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7 January 2021

Antimicrobial activity of bupivacaine and pethidine.

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7 January 2021

Plasma thromboxane B2 levels and thromboxane B2 production by platelets are increased in patients during spinal and epidural anesthesia

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7 January 2021

Neurohistopathological findings after continuous intrathecal administration of morphine or a morphine/ bupivacaine mixture in cancer pain patients

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7 January 2021

Neuropathologic Findings after Long-term Intrathecal Infusion of Morphine and Bupivacaine for Pain Treatment in Cancer Patients

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7 January 2021

Neurological toxicity of the subarachnoid infusion of bupivacaine, lignocaine or 2-chloroprocaine in the rat.

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7 January 2021

Continuous epidural infusion of bupivacaine in labour: a simple method

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7 January 2021

Pharmacokinetics of lignocaine and bupivacaine in surgical patients following epidural administration. Simultaneous investigation of absorption and disposition kinetics using stable isotopes.

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7 January 2021

The effect of age on the systemic absorption, disposition and pharmacodynamics of bupivacaine after epidural administration

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7 January 2021

The effect of chronic subarachnoid bupivacaine infusion in dogs.

1 reference

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7 January 2021

Effects of Intrathecal Neostigmine, Bupivacaine, and Their Combination on Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Rats

1 reference

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7 January 2021

Complications of intrathecal opioids and bupivacaine in the treatment of "refractory" cancer pain

1 reference

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7 January 2021

Long-term intrathecal infusion of morphine and morphine/bupivacaine mixtures in the treatment of cancer pain: a retrospective analysis of 51 cases

1 reference

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7 January 2021

Neurological impairment during long-term intrathecal infusion of bupivacaine in cancer patients: a sign of spinal cord compression

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Subarachnoid anaesthesia with 0.75% bupivacaine in patients with chronic renal failure

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Spinal epidural metastasis: implications for spinal analgesia to treat "refractory" cancer pain

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7 January 2021

Long-term intrathecal morphine and bupivacaine in "refractory" cancer pain. I. Results from the first series of 52 patients

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7 January 2021

Continuous Infusion of Opioid and Bupivacaine by Externalized Intrathecal Catheters in Long-Term Treatment of "Refractory" Nonmalignant Pain

1 reference

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7 January 2021

Long-term intrathecal morphine and bupivacaine in patients with refractory cancer pain. Results from a morphine:bupivacaine dose regimen of 0.5:4.75 mg/ml.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Epidural versus intrathecal morphine-bupivacaine: assessment of consecutive treatments in advanced cancer pain

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Quantitative sensory examination of epidural anaesthesia and analgesia in man; dose-response effect of bupivacaine

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Block of pinprick and cold sensation poorly correlate with relief of postoperative pain during epidural analgesia

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7 January 2021

Systemic morphine enhances spread of sensory analgesia during postoperative epidural bupivacaine infusion

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7 January 2021

Differential analgesic effects of low-dose epidural morphine and morphine-bupivacaine at rest and during mobilization after major abdominal surgery

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7 January 2021

Ropivacaine : A Review of its Pharmacology and Therapeutic Use in Regional Anaesthesia

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7 January 2021

Preliminary Risk-Benefit Analysis of Ropivacaine in Labour and Following Surgery

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7 January 2021

Pharmacokinetics and analgesic effect of ropivacaine during continuous epidural infusion for postoperative pain relief

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Pharmacokinetics and clinical effect during continuous epidural infusion with ropivacaine 2.5 mg/ml or bupivacaine 2.5 mg/ml for labour pain relief

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Comparison of 0.25% ropivacaine and bupivacaine for epidural analgesia for labor and vaginal delivery

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Persistent sacral sensory deficit induced by intrathecal local anesthetic infusion in the rat.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Regression of sensory anesthesia during continuous epidural infusions of bupivacaine and opioid for total knee replacement

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Long-term peridural morphine analgesia in cancer pain

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Implementing guidelines for cancer pain management: results of a randomized controlled clinical trial.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Epidural clonidine analgesia for intractable cancer pain. The Epidural Clonidine Study Group

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Intrathecal Clonidine Combined with Sufentanil for Labor Analgesia

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

The effect of adding a minidose of clonidine to intrathecal sufentanil for labor analgesia

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Epidural clonidine or bupivacaine as the sole analgesic agent during and after abdominal surgery: a comparative study

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Addition of clonidine enhances postoperative analgesia from epidural morphine: a double-blind study.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

A comparison of intrathecally administered narcotic and nonnarcotic analgesics for experimental chronic neuropathic pain

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Distribution, tolerability and tissue compatibility of intrathecal tizanidine in the sheep

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Antinociceptive Interaction of Intrathecal α2-adrenergic Agonists, Tizanidine and Clonidine, with Lidocaine in Rats

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Pharmacology and toxicology of chronically infused epidural clonidine.HCl in dogs

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Epidural clonidine analgesia in obstetrics: sheep studies.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Intrathecal clonidine alleviates allodynia in neuropathic rats: interaction with spinal muscarinic and nicotinic receptors

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Interactions between the lipophilic opioid sufentanil and clonidine in rats after spinal application

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Intrathecal alpha 2-adrenergic agonists stimulate acetylcholine and norepinephrine release from the spinal cord dorsal horn in sheep. An in vivo microdialysis study

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Rebound hypertension and withdrawal associated with discontinuation of an infusion of epidural clonidine

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Comparison of clonidine, morphine or placebo mixed with bupivacaine during continuous spinal anaesthesia

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Analgesic and hemodynamic effects of intrathecal clonidine as the sole analgesic agent during first stage of labor: a dose-response study

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

When all else fails: stepwise multiple solutions for a complex cancer pain syndrome

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

The control of severe cancer pain by continuous intrathecal infusion and patient controlled intrathecal analgesia with morphine, bupivacaine and clonidine

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Analgesic Action of Acute and Chronic Intraspinally Administered Opiate and α<sub>2</sub>-Adrenergic Agonists in Chronic Neuropathic Pain

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Effects of intrathecal nonnarcotic analgesics on chronic tactile allodynia in rats: alpha 2-agonists versus somatostatin analog

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

A peripheral mononeuropathy in rat that produces disorders of pain sensation like those seen in man.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Intrathecal ketamine for war surgery. A preliminary study under field conditions

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Memantine is a potent blocker of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channels

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Open-channel block of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) responses by memantine: therapeutic advantage against NMDA receptor-mediated neurotoxicity

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

The contribution of excitatory amino acids to central sensitization and persistent nociception after formalin-induced tissue injury

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Concurrent spinal infusion of MK801 blocks spinal tolerance and dependence induced by chronic intrathecal morphine in the rat.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Ketobemidone, methadone and pethidine are non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists in the rat cortex and spinal cord

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Intrathecal amitriptyline acts as an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist in the presence of inflammatory hyperalgesia in rats

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

The d- and l-isomers of methadone bind to the non-competitive site on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in rat forebrain and spinal cord

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Subpial vacuolar myelopathy after intrathecal ketamine: report of a case

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

An experimental model for peripheral neuropathy produced by segmental spinal nerve ligation in the rat

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Spinal cord blood flow after intrathecal injection of a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist or an adenosine receptor agonist in rats

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

The NMDA-receptor antagonist CPP abolishes neurogenic 'wind-up pain' after intrathecal administration in humans

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Is ketamine or its preservative responsible for neurotoxicity in the rabbit?

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Intrathecal treatment with dextrorphan or ketamine potently reduces pain-related behaviors in a rat model of peripheral mononeuropathy.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Hemodynamic Effects of Epidural Ketamine in Isoflurane‐Anesthetized Dogs

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Pathological changes induced in cerebrocortical neurons by phencyclidine and related drugs

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

NMDA Antagonist Neurotoxicity: Mechanism and Prevention

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

A double-blind comparison of epidural ketamine and diamorphine for postoperative analgesia

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Pharmacokinetics and distribution of ketamine after extradural administration to dogs

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Epidural ketamine or morphine for postoperative analgesia

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

The intrathecal administration of excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists selectively attenuated carrageenan-induced behavioral hyperalgesia in rats

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

The effects of the clinically tested NMDA receptor antagonist memantine on carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia in rats

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Pharmacological characterization of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-channel in rodent and dog brain and rat spinal cord using [3H]MK-801 binding

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

The NMDA-receptor antagonist ketamine abolishes neuropathic pain after epidural administration in a clinical case

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Dextrorphan relieves neuropathic heat-evoked hyperalgesia in the rat.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

The Spinal Pharmacology of Urinary Function: Studies on Urinary Continence in the Unanaesthetized Rat

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Behavioral and autonomic correlates of the tactile evoked allodynia produced by spinal glycine inhibition: effects of modulatory receptor systems and excitatory amino acid antagonists

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Studies in the Primate on the Analgetic Effects Associated with Intrathecal Actions of Opiates,α-Adrenergic Agonists and Baclofen

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Spinal pharmacology of thermal hyperesthesia induced by incomplete ligation of sciatic nerve. I. Opioid and nonopioid receptors

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Spinal pharmacology of thermal hyperesthesia induced by constriction injury of sciatic nerve. Excitatory amino acid antagonists

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Intrathecal ketamine reduces morphine requirements in patients with terminal cancer pain

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Lack of Effect of Intrathecally Administered N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Antagonists in a Rat Model for Postoperative Pain

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Octreotide: a potent new non-opiate analgesic for intrathecal infusion

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Intrathecal octreotide for relief of intractable nonmalignant pain: 5-year experience with two cases

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

A new approach to control central deafferentation pain: spinal intrathecal baclofen

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Effects of intrathecal baclofen on chronic spinal cord injury pain

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Intrathecal baclofen is analgesic in patients with chronic pain

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Classes of calcium channels in vertebrate cells

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Modulation of vertebrate neuronal calcium channels by transmitters

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Activation of μ opioid receptors inhibits transient high- and low-threshold Ca 2 currents, but spares a sustained current

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Effect of continuous intrathecal infusion of omega-conopeptides, N-type calcium-channel blockers, on behavior and antinociception in the formalin and hot-plate tests in rats

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Use of Intrathecal SNX-111, a Novel, N-Type, Voltage-Sensitive, Calcium Channel Blocker, in the Management of Intractable Brachial Plexus Avulsion Pain

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Ziconotide for the treatment of severe spasticity after spinal cord injury

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Adverse effects associated with the intrathecal administration of ziconotide

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Neurotoxicity of midazolam in the rabbit

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

A multi-center study of intrathecal neostigmine for analgesia following vaginal hysterectomy

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Study of three different doses of epidural neostigmine coadministered with lidocaine for postoperative analgesia

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Interaction between intrathecal neostigmine and epidural clonidine in human volunteers

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Prostaglandins inhibit endogenous pain control mechanisms by blocking transmission at spinal noradrenergic synapses

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Pharmacology of the spinal action of ketorolac, morphine, ST-91, U50488H, and L-PIA on the formalin test and an isobolographic analysis of the NSAID interaction

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Aspirin, the miracle drug: spinally, too?

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Intrathecal injection of acetylsalicylic acid, salicylic acid and indometacin depresses C fibre-evoked activity in the rat thalamus and spinal cord

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Intrathecal acetylsalicylic acid and indomethacin are not analgesic for a supramaximal stimulus

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

[Spinal cord toxicity of lysine acetylsalicylate and ketamine hydrochloride administered intrathecally in the rat]

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Intrathecal injection of lysine acetylsalicylic acid in the rat: a neurotoxicological study

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Small Intrathecal Doses of Lysine-Acetylsalicylate Relieve Intractable Pain in Man

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Histopathology and evaluation of potentiation of morphine-induced antinociception by intrathecal droperidol in the rat

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Potentiation of epidural opioids with epidural droperidol. A one year retrospective study

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Epidural droperidol and morphine for postoperative pain

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Epidural droperidol reduces the side effects and duration of analgesia of epidural sufentanil

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

Akathisia after long-term epidural use of droperidol: a case report

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

7 January 2021

10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00204-9

Identifiers

DOI

1 reference

30 July 2017

1 reference