The Search for Mrs. Bingley
By now many Austen fans are familiar with a letter the author wrote to her sister Cassandra, claiming to have discovered Mrs. Jane Bingley's exact likeness in an exhibition of portraits:
Monday, May 24, 1813
[...] Henry & I went to the exhibition in Spring Gardens. It is not thought a good collection, but I was very well pleasedβparticularly (pray tell Fanny) with a small portrait of Mrs. Bingley, excessively like her. I went in hopes of seeing one of her Sister, but there was no Mrs. Darcy;βperhaps however, I may find her in the Great Exhibition which we shall go to, if we have time;βI have no chance of her in the collection of Sir Joshua Reynoldsβs Paintings which is now showing in Pall Mall, & which we are also to visit.βMrs. Bingleyβs is exactly herself, size, shaped face, features & sweetness; there never was a greater likeness. She is dressed in a white gown, with green ornaments, which convinces me of what I had always supposed, that green was a favourite colour with her.* I dare say Mrs. D. will be in Yellow.
[β¦] βMonday evenβWe have been both to the Exhibition & Sir J. Reynoldsβ,βand I am disappointed, for there was nothing like Mrs. D. at either.βI can only imagine that Mr. D. prizes any Picture of her too much to like it should be exposed to the public eye.βI can imagine he wd have that sort [of ommitted] feelingβthat mixture of Love, Pride & Delicacy. Setting aside this disappointment, I had great amusement among the Pictures; & the Driving about, the Carriage been open, [sic] was very pleasant (Le Faye, pp. 212-3).
Of course Austen scholars have searched for this portrait. The first resource to check is of course the catalogue of this exhibition, which was The Exhibition of the Society of Painters in Oil and Water Colours at The Great Room, Spring Gardens in London.
In 1986, Lance Bertelson used this catalogue to narrow down the possibilities, as he saw them, to 5:
- Huet-Villiers, "Portrait of Mrs. Crompton" (catalogue no. 3)
- Huet-Villiers, "Portrait of a Lady" (no. 27)
- C. J. Robertson, "Portrait of Lady Anderson" (no. 15)
- C. J. Robertson, "Portrait of Mrs. Clarke, of Weston [listed as such in the catalogue: but it should be 'Welton'] Place" (no. 116)
- C. J. Robertson, "Portrait of Lady Nelthorpe" (no. 246).
He writes, however, that his "inquiries to major public collections in Britain and the USA have failed to turn up any of the above paintings"; but they may still exist in private collections. He says we know the portrait of Lady Nelthorpe to have been in Mrs. C. B. Prowse's private collection as of 1929. It was described by Basil Long thusly:
It is on ivory, about 7 3/4 in. x 5 3/4 in., and is signed at the back C. J. Robertson, pinxit / Apr: 1813. It is a 3/4 length portrait of a lady seated on a rustic bench in a landscape, with her hat on her lap... The face is shaded with brown and gray.
Two years later, in 1988, Martha Rainbolt has more success: she writes that "[b]y searching through the art libraries in London and this country [the USA], I have found some of the portraits and information about some of the other ones" (very annoyingly, she does not say where). She lists out 11 possibilities for the painting of Jane Bennet Bingleyβeverything in the catalogue claiming to feature a "girl," "Miss," "Mrs.," or "Lady":
- "Girl in a Wood," Thomas Uwins (sometimes spelled Unwins)
- "Girl decorating her Hair with Hops," Thomas Uwins
- "Girl Reading a Ballad," Thomas Uwins
- "Portrait of a Lady in the Character of Hebe," Jean Francois Marie Huet-Villiers
- "Portrait of Lady Nelthorpe," Charles John Robertson
- "Portrait of Lady Anderson," Charles John Robertson
- "Portrait of Mrs. Crompton," Jean Huet-Villiers
- "Portrait of Miss Smirnove," James Stephanoff
- "Portrait of a Young Lady," James Hewlett
- "Portrait of Mrs. Clarke, of Weston [sic] Place," Charles John Robertson
- "Portrait of a Lady," Jean Huet-Villiers
According to Rainbolt, paintings 1 and 2 can be eliminated because they are of children. Painting 3 "is a work in the Italian style, rather grand and quite romanticized. This woman with her dark hair and sentimental look could not be the likeness of Jane Bingley" (I can't say I understand why Rainbolt thinks that Jane mustn't have dark hair). Painting 4 is of "a bare bosomed, very voluptuous lady sharing the canvas with an eagle who is hovering over her cup," and Rainbolt feels that this, too, can be eliminated.
Painting 5 is a possibility which Bertelson also mentioned. However, Rainbolt points out that it is a miniature, and Austen described the picture of Mrs. Bingley as a "small portrait"; and that Lady Nelthorpe would have been middle-aged at this time, and so not a good candidate for 23-year-old Mrs. Bingley. Of painting 6, Rainbolt says that the subject would also be too old (as she had been middle-aged as of the late 1780s).
This leaves paintings 7 through 11. Rainbolt was only able to locate information about one of them: #11, Jean Huet-Villiers' "Portrait of a Lady."
We don't still have this portrait. We don't know whether it still exists, and we don't have any photographs taken of it. What we do have is what is likely a copy of the portrait, in the form of a tinted engraving by William Blake:
The title of the engraving ("Mrs. Q," referring to Harriet Quentin, mistress of the Prince of Wales) is different from what the exhibition catalogue lists as the title of the Huet-Villiers portrait, but Rainbolt doesn't see this as problematic: the title had likely been changed in the exhibition to maintain the subject's anonymity, as was common practice at the time.
Rainbolt felt that the colour of the gown and ornament, and the "sweetness" of the face depicted, made it very likely that this was the portrait in questionβthough she notes that "It would be helpful if the portraits of Mrs. Crompton, Miss Smirnove, Hewlett's 'Young Lady,' and Mrs. Clarke would surface to be examined."
There was also a small problem, in the fact that Austen wrote green ornaments, while this gown only has one: but Rainbolt thinks that "This discrepancy might be explained by the circumstances: Jane Austen was writing an informal letter to her sister recalling the exhibition; she did not have the portrait in front of her when she wrote."
Deirdre Le Faye, writing in 1997, feels the question to still be an open one:
[...] [T]he three miniatures by Charles John Robertson in the same exhibition, of Lady Nelthorpe (No. 246) and her sisters-in-law Lady Anderson (No. 15), and Mrs. Clark of Welton [not Weston] Place (No. 116), cannot be completely ruled out as alternatives.
(Footnote 4, pp. 416-7)
I think we can rule out this portrait as a possibility, due to the lack of any green ornamentation to the gown.
- The Exhibition of the Society of Painters in Oil and Water-Colours. The Ninth. (London, 1813), p. 3.
- Lance Bertelson, "A Portrait of Mrs. Bingley." Persuasions no. 8, 1986, 37-8.
- Martha Rainbolt, "The Likeness of Austen's Jane Bennet: Huet-Villiers' 'Portrait of Mrs. Q'." English Language Notes, Dec. 1988, 35-43.
- Jane Austen's Letters, Deirdre Le Faye ed. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.
- Portrait of Harriet Quentin, half-length, turned to left, with Eton College in the background; after Huet Villiers. 1820 Hand-coloured stipple. British Museum asset no. 1613230005.
- "Portrait of Lady Nelthorpe," Charles John Robertson (b. c. 1779). Christie's. Lot no. 3103729. 2001.