PaLM

- [Instructor] In April, 2022, Google released PaLM, or to give it its full name, the Pathways Language Model. Now there are a couple of key takeaways from this model. Comparing the number of parameters, we can see that PaLM is the largest of the dense parameter models with 540 billion parameters. It dwarfs the GPT-3's 175 billion parameters, Gophers, 280 billion, and just edges out Megatron-Turing NLG at 530 billion parameters. Now, Google used the pathway system, a new AI architecture that they revealed at the end of 2021. So using this framework allows for many more chips to be used for model training, with PaLM being trained on 6,144 hardware accelerators versus smaller numbers of chips being used for previous large language models. And finally, if we look at the Model Flops Utilization, you can see that the Model Flops Utilizations have increased going from GPT-3 to PaLM. PaLM has effectively doubled the Model Flops…