How can you conduct a thorough problem analysis?

1 Understand the context

Before you dive into the problem analysis, you need to understand the context of the project and the client's situation. This means gathering relevant information about the industry, market, competitors, customers, stakeholders, and internal factors that affect the problem. You can use various sources of data, such as reports, surveys, interviews, observations, or benchmarks, to collect and synthesize the information. You should also clarify the expectations, goals, and constraints of the client and your team, and align them with the project scope and timeline.

2 Define the problem

The next step is to define the problem clearly and precisely, using a problem statement that summarizes the main issue, its impact, and its urgency. A problem statement should be specific, measurable, actionable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART), and should answer the questions of what, why, who, where, when, and how. A problem statement can help you focus your analysis on the most important aspects of the problem, and communicate it effectively to your client and team.

3 Structure the problem

Once you have defined the problem, you need to structure it into smaller and manageable parts, using a logical framework that organizes the problem into its components, causes, and effects. A common tool for structuring problems is the issue tree, which is a visual representation of the problem as a hierarchy of questions and sub-questions that need to be answered to solve the problem. An issue tree can help you break down the problem into its core elements, identify the gaps in your knowledge, and prioritize the areas of analysis.

4 Analyze the problem

The next step is to analyze the problem, using quantitative and qualitative methods to test your hypotheses, validate your assumptions, and generate insights. You can use various tools and techniques to analyze the problem, such as data analysis, financial modeling, market research, SWOT analysis, Porter's five forces, or value chain analysis. The choice of tools and techniques depends on the nature and scope of the problem, the availability and quality of data, and the objectives and criteria of the analysis. You should also ensure that your analysis is rigorous, objective, and evidence-based.

5 Synthesize the findings

After you have analyzed the problem, you need to synthesize your findings into a clear and concise summary that highlights the main insights, conclusions, and recommendations. You can use various tools and formats to synthesize your findings, such as charts, graphs, tables, dashboards, or slides. You should also use a logical structure that follows the MECE principle (mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive), and a storytelling technique that captures the attention and interest of your audience.

6 Communicate the results

The final step is to communicate your results to your client and stakeholders, using a persuasive and engaging presentation that showcases the value and impact of your work. You can use various tools and formats to communicate your results, such as reports, memos, proposals, or pitches. You should also use a clear and consistent language, a compelling narrative, and a strong call to action. You should also anticipate and address the potential questions, objections, or feedback from your audience, and demonstrate your credibility and professionalism.

7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?