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La préférence nationale prônée par le RN, une posture anticonstitutionnelle
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La préférence nationale prônée par le RN, une posture anticonstitutionnelle Par Anne Chemin Article réservé aux abonnés
Enquête En plaçant l’exclusion des étrangers sous le signe de la sagesse populaire, le parti d’extrême droite met en musique une ligne politique conçue il y a plus de quarante ans pour élargir l’assise électorale du Front national d’alors.
C’est un principe politique que ses défenseurs habillent volontiers d’un faux air d’évidence. La préférence nationale, tente de banaliser le Rassemblement national (RN) de Marine Le Pen, consiste tout bonnement à transposer à l’échelle de la nation le subtil nuancier qui régit, depuis toujours, les solidarités de proximité. « J’aime mieux mes filles que mes nièces, mes nièces que mes cousines, mes cousines que mes voisines », proclamait jadis Jean-Marie Le Pen. Il faut faire passer « les nôtres avant les autres » , résumait, en 2022, le programme de Marine Le Pen. La priorité nationale est un simple « principe de bon sens » , conclut aujourd’hui Jordan Bardella.
Bien que cette doctrine exclue les étrangers d’une solidarité nationale à laquelle ils contribuent financièrement, bien qu’elle instaure des privilèges prohibés par les grands textes internationaux, le RN la présente comme une règle élémentaire du sens commun : tous les Français qui ont un brin de jugeote savent bien, affirment ses dirigeants, que « charité bien ordonnée commence par soi-même » . En plaçant la préférence nationale sous le signe de la sagesse populaire, ils mettent en musique une ligne politique définie il y a plus de quarante ans par l’un des théoriciens du parti d’extrême droite, François Duprat.
Dans les années 1970, cet intellectuel passé par Occident et Ordre nouveau conseille au Front national (FN) de fonder sa rhétorique anti-immigration non plus sur des discours haineux, mais sur des « arguments d’ordre rationnel, social et politique » . Dans une France qui vient d’adopter des lois antiracistes (1972), cet homme qui se définit comme « néofasciste » espère éviter les processus de « blocage » et élargir l’assise électorale du FN. « Il faut savoir ce que l’on veut , écrit-il en 1978 dans une note interne. Plaire au militant hargneux d’une section ou à un vague sympathisant, ou bien gagner à nos thèses des milliers d’électeurs et d’adhérents. »
Une petite décennie plus tard, en 1985, l’expression « préférence nationale » s’affiche en lettres capitales sur la couverture d’un livre collectif publié par les éditions Albin Michel. Son auteur principal, Jean-Yves Le Gallou, est un énarque affilié à l’UDF qui a fondé, en 1974, le Club de l’horloge, un cercle de jeunes technocrates qui rêvent, selon l’historien Nicolas Lebourg, « d’un Etat minimal économiquement et maximal concernant l’hygiène de la race » . Destiné à donner des « éléments de doctrine à la droite » , ce travail est applaudi par le FN – au point que Jean-Yves Le Gallou rejoint alors le parti d’extrême droite.
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