Isaac Newton(1643-1727)
- Soundtrack
His father had died before he was born. At the age of three he was sent to his grandmother, with whom he grew up until he was ten. Newton then returned to his mother. He attended school in nearby Grantham. From 1665 he studied at Trinity College, Cambridge. Among other things, he was taught there by the theologian, philologist and mathematician Isaac Barrow. In January 1665, Newton received his baccalaureate (high school diploma). An outbreak of bubonic plague led to the college's closure. Newton returned to his parents' home in Woolsthorpe. During this time he worked on infinitesimal calculus, the nature of light and gravity. It was not until 1667 that he resumed his studies at Cambridge. He dealt with the works of Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei and Robert Boyle. Newton's development of infinitesimal calculus (fluxion calculus) was groundbreaking in mathematics, as previously one could only deal with fixed quantities such as numbers. Newton's development opened up the possibility of expressing time-varying quantities such as physical forces or speeds in numbers.
Independently of Newton, the philosopher, mathematician and researcher Gottfried Wilhelm Freiherr von Leibniz developed a solution to this mathematical problem around the same time through his differential and integral calculus. Its naming as infinitesimal calculus ultimately prevailed. In 1669, Newton improved the telescope into a reflecting telescope by using inwardly curved lenses to concentrate light. In the same year he became a professor at Cambridge; He thus succeeded his teacher Barrow. In 1671 he demonstrated his invention to the London Royal Society. Newton presented his first scientific publication on the discovery of the nature of light to the Royal Society in 1672. In the same year he became a member. He was able to prove experimentally that white light consists of a mixture of colored light components. In doing so, he contradicted the previously common view that colored light was complex and white light was simple. Newton explained light as consisting of corpuscles. His scientific work "Optics" was not published until 1704.
In 1687, Newton published his three famous laws of motion in the book "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica". The beginnings of this theory lay in the time of the plague, which led to the interruption of his studies and his stay in his parents' house. In this book, also known as "Principia", he also laid down Newton's law of gravitation: Every piece of matter has a so-called heavy mass, the cause of its attraction. - The force of gravity between two bodies is proportional to the product of their masses. - The change in gravity is inversely proportional to the square of their distance. An anecdote tells that Isaac Newton discovered the law of gravity when an apple fell on his head. Newton is said to have concluded from this that gravity also acts on the moon and that the moon's orbit must consist of two balancing forces - one is the centripetal force, which pulls the bodies to the center of the orbit, and the other is the centrifugal force, which is drawn by the moon Center strives away.
In the three "Principia" books, Newton dealt, in addition to the laws of motion, with planetary orbits, liquids and gases, the refutation of a vortex theory and the dependence of gravity on mass. From 1689 to 1690 Newton was elected MP for Cambridge University. In 1693 he suffered a severe nervous breakdown, which prevented him from further research. He then dealt with alchemy and religious questions. In 1696 he was appointed Mint Warden, supervisor of the royal mint. Three years later he was promoted to mint master, today comparable to finance minister. In 1700 Newton left Cambridge and moved to London. In 1703 he became president of the Royal Society there. In 1705 he became the first scientist to be knighted by the Royal Society. In 1713 and 1726, the three-volume work "Principia" was published for the second and third times, respectively.
Sir Isaac Newton died on March 31, 1727 in London.
Independently of Newton, the philosopher, mathematician and researcher Gottfried Wilhelm Freiherr von Leibniz developed a solution to this mathematical problem around the same time through his differential and integral calculus. Its naming as infinitesimal calculus ultimately prevailed. In 1669, Newton improved the telescope into a reflecting telescope by using inwardly curved lenses to concentrate light. In the same year he became a professor at Cambridge; He thus succeeded his teacher Barrow. In 1671 he demonstrated his invention to the London Royal Society. Newton presented his first scientific publication on the discovery of the nature of light to the Royal Society in 1672. In the same year he became a member. He was able to prove experimentally that white light consists of a mixture of colored light components. In doing so, he contradicted the previously common view that colored light was complex and white light was simple. Newton explained light as consisting of corpuscles. His scientific work "Optics" was not published until 1704.
In 1687, Newton published his three famous laws of motion in the book "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica". The beginnings of this theory lay in the time of the plague, which led to the interruption of his studies and his stay in his parents' house. In this book, also known as "Principia", he also laid down Newton's law of gravitation: Every piece of matter has a so-called heavy mass, the cause of its attraction. - The force of gravity between two bodies is proportional to the product of their masses. - The change in gravity is inversely proportional to the square of their distance. An anecdote tells that Isaac Newton discovered the law of gravity when an apple fell on his head. Newton is said to have concluded from this that gravity also acts on the moon and that the moon's orbit must consist of two balancing forces - one is the centripetal force, which pulls the bodies to the center of the orbit, and the other is the centrifugal force, which is drawn by the moon Center strives away.
In the three "Principia" books, Newton dealt, in addition to the laws of motion, with planetary orbits, liquids and gases, the refutation of a vortex theory and the dependence of gravity on mass. From 1689 to 1690 Newton was elected MP for Cambridge University. In 1693 he suffered a severe nervous breakdown, which prevented him from further research. He then dealt with alchemy and religious questions. In 1696 he was appointed Mint Warden, supervisor of the royal mint. Three years later he was promoted to mint master, today comparable to finance minister. In 1700 Newton left Cambridge and moved to London. In 1703 he became president of the Royal Society there. In 1705 he became the first scientist to be knighted by the Royal Society. In 1713 and 1726, the three-volume work "Principia" was published for the second and third times, respectively.
Sir Isaac Newton died on March 31, 1727 in London.
