Chemicals

This application note describes the use of the Aqualog for monitoring regulated Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) and disinfection by-product issues for drinking water treatment.

Refineries are equipped with desulfurization units to remove sulfur from oil. The changes in Carbon and sulfur content in catalysts before and after the usage is very important to determine the efficiency and performance of developed catalyst. Therefore, a reliable quantitative analysis of carbon and sulfur is important.

While precious metals such as Au, Ag, Pt, and Pd are finite materials, they are essential for electronic components and functional materials. Therefore, it is important to separate and extract the necessary precious metals from the final products and recycle them as high-purity precious metals in order to secure resources and reduce costs. Impurities, which must be controlled, include light elements such as carbon, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. For example, Au (gold) used in electronic devices must be at least 99.999% pure.

A mixed sample of fourteen sizes of monodispersed PSL was used to evaluate the resolution and quantitative capability of the centrifugal sedimentation method.

A mixed sample of five sizes of monodispersed PSL was used to evaluate the resolution and quantitative capability of the centrifugal sedimentation method.

Certified National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) traceable polystyrene latex (PSL) size standards made by Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (TFS) were used to evaluate the resolution of the centrifugal sedimentation method.

Multilayer polymer films, composed of different materials, are used in a variety of industrial applications. The analysis of these multilayers is important to support, especially for safety and performances control. Here, we use Raman microscopy by cross-section analysis and confocal depth profiling to investigate the chemical composition of two multilayers films.

In general particle size analyzers, particles of the same size are measured as the same size regardless of material, making it difficult to separate particles of different materials when they are mixed together. The centrifugal sedimentation particle size analyzer measures the sedimentation speed and converts it into a particle size value using the density information of the particles. Therefore, particles of the same size but different densities will have different settling speed and can be measured separately.

This note analyzes carbon dioxide and oxygen gas nanobubbles used for pain management to demonstrate multi-laser Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis’s ability to characterize a mixture of nano and microbubbles without sample manipulation.

Certain types of materials are encapsulated in wax for final product use or as an intermediate stage. If the size of the encapsulated particles is of primary interest, the analysis method must find a way to remove the intermediate phase to suspend the primary particles.

Vanadium Oxide is slightly soluble in water so measurement in an organic solvent or as a dry powder is recommended.

Antimony trioxide, also called antimony white, has the formula Sb203 with a structure dependant on the temperature. It is used as a flame retardant, pigment, and catalyst.

Raman microscopy is an excellent tool to address the polymer research. Raman microscopy can be used to characterize raw materials, to inline or outline monitor polymerization process, to investigate orientation and crystallization changes, and also to control the quality and traceability of genuine products, by understanding defects and compounds distribution. In this article we present how HORIBA Raman microscopy solutions can support the polymer chemical and structural understanding.

HORIBA’s Aqualog is uniquely equipped with patented simultaneous Absorbance spectral and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) technology which provides rapid access to a wide range of parameters important to commercial wine processing and quality characterization.

Titanium oxide are used primarily in the production of paints and plastics and are also used in paper, priniting inks, cosmetics, textiles and food stuffs.

The use of metal surfaces in conjunction with fluorescence molecules employing a plasmon effect, sometimes referred to as metal enhanced fluorescence, can be advantageous because of the possible enhancement of photophysical properties.

Raman spectra, in conjunction with Multivariate (Chemometric) Analysis, have been demonstrated to provide real-time information on the progress of a polymerisation reaction. As shown by this example, these results can provide unexpected information on the details of the reaction. in this case, the inequivalent reaction rates of the two monomers. Such information ultimately enables the process engineer to optimise his process.

Pulsed RF Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry, coupled with the Ultra Fast Sputtering system, offers the Ultra Fast Elemental Depth Profiling of plastic thin films Polymer Mobile Screen Protection Covers. By coupling this technique with the Raman spectroscopy z-Scan analysis it is possible to acquire important information concerning the fabrication of smartphone screen protectors.

Optimization and follow up of manufacturing process of plastics films are easily achieved using Pulsed RF Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry. This technique allows the fast detection of defects and presence of contaminants. The GD Profiler 2 can be a key instrument during the optimization and follow up of manufacturing process. Indeed, GDOES is a fast technique which allows the easy comparison of different materials, the detection of defects and the presence of contaminants. Moreover, combined with the «UFS» system, it proves to be a flexible technique for organic and hybrid materials opening numerous new applications domain.

Examples of application of pulsed RF GDOES to the analysis of polymer layers and organic/inorganic films have been show illustrating the possibilities of the technique. Thanks to the use of pulsed RF source and UFS, GDOES takes its role in the multidimensional characterization of advanced multilayered organic materials where its specific strong points (speed, ease of use, large observation zone, measurement of all elements) are of great interest.

As far as polymeric fibres are concerned, slight modifications of Raman features are directly related to differences in the molecular orientation and the degree of crystallinity of the fibres. To utilize these subtle spectral changes and correlate them with physical properties of the polymer, one is obliged to use Chemometrics on the Raman spectra. The resulting synergism between Raman spectroscopy and Chemometrics will provide a powerful tool for monitoring and control of manufacturing of polymeric materials.

The transmission design has demonstrated to be the technique of choice whenever Raman spectral information of a bulk material is required. It has already proven its utility for pharmaceutical applications, as tablets or even powder mixtures are good candidates for this measurement mode. However, transmission Raman might be applied successfully to other sample types, such as polymers, bio-tissues or any translucent material, and can be envisaged for evaluating the content of product inside a package. In addition, as TRS provides a global spectral information of the measured sample, it will be a technique of choice when quantitative evaluation of mixtures is needed.

Using holographic techniques we have structured the surface in a one step procedure (no wet nor photocuring processing ) along the X and Y directions. A grating is first inscribed with grooves along the X direction, the sample is rotated by 90° and a second grating is inscribed with grooves along the Y direction. The intensity of the 1st diffracted orders is monitored to have equal intensities in both X and Y directions.

Recent developments in Raman instrumentation have made the technique easier to use, more compact, and more affordable. Consequently, all of the demonstrated potential of the spectroscopy for industrial uses can now be exploited, including its use in combination with statistical methods for concentration calibrations.

Blending, an alternative method for engineering products that combines the properties of polymer types is a physical mixing. It has the advantage of being not only simple and inexpensive, but also allows for re-cycling used material. Incompatibility or non-miscibility of the differing chemical components is often an issue in the final performance of the polymer product. The first part of this note concerns the dispersion of the two components in a polyethylene-polybutylene terephthalate blend. The chemical imaging capabilities of the LabRAM are used to get this information. The second part deals with the depth analysis of laminated films made of different polymer layers.

The coupling of the power of confocal Raman microscopy to the inverted sampling geometry has enabled detailed investigations to be made of solvent and water based coating systems, providing important information on the processes and chemistry that occurs at the coating interface and within.

Automobile-parts production can be paralyzed by a defective electrongalvanizing (EV) bath line.

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