Galton hushtagi
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It hushtaklari (shuningdek, jim hushtak yoki Galton hushtagi deb ham ataladi) odamlar eshita olmaydigan, lekin ba'zi boshqa hayvonlar, jumladan itlar va uy mushuklari ham eshita oladigan ultratovush diapazonida tovush chiqaradigan hushtak turi bo'lib, ularni o'qitishda ishlatiladi. U 1876-yilda Frensis Galton tomonidan ixtiro qilingan va uning “ Inquiries into Human Faculty and its Development ” kitobida [1] eslatib o‘tilgan bo‘lib, unda u turli uy hayvonlar eshitishi mumkin bo‘lgan chastotalar diapazonini sinash bo‘yicha tajribalarni tasvirlab beradi.
Inson eshitish diapazonining yuqori chegarasi taxminan bolalar uchun 20kilohertz (kHz) ga teng, o'rta yoshdagi kattalar uchun 15-17 kHzgacha kamayadi. [2] Itning eshitish diapazonining yuqori chegarasi taxminan 45 kHzga teng, mushukniki esa 64 kHz. [3][4] Mushuk va itlarning yovvoyi ajdodlari o'zlarining o'ljalari bo'lgan kichik kemiruvchilar tomonidan yuqori chastotali tovushlarni eshitish uchun bu yuqori eshitish diapazonini rivojlantirgan deb taxmin qilinadi. [3] Ko'pgina itlarning hushtaklari chastotasi 23 dan 54 gacha kHz, [5] shuning uchun ular inson eshitish diapazonidan yuqori, garchi ba'zilari eshitiladigan diapazongacha sozlanishi mumkin.
Inson qulog'iga itning hushtaklari faqat jimgina xirillagan ovozdek eshitiladi. [6] It hushtagining afzalligi shundaki, u odamlar uchun oddiy hushtak chiqaradigan baland tirnash xususiyatini beruvchi shovqin chiqarmaydi, shuning uchun u yaqin atrofdagi odamlarni bezovta qilmasdan hayvonlarni o'rgatish yoki buyruq berish uchun ishlatilishi mumkin. Ba'zi it hushtaklari ishlab chiqarilgan chastotani faol nazorat qilish uchun sozlanishi slayderlarga ega. Murabbiylar hushtakdan itning e'tiborini jalb qilish yoki xatti- harakatlarini o'zgartirish maqsadida og'riq keltirish uchun ishlatishi mumkin.
O'pka bilan ishlaydigan hushtaklardan tashqari, piezoelektrik emitentlar orqali ultratovushli tovush chiqaradigan elektron it hushtaklari ham mavjud. [3] Elektron xilma-xillik ba'zan vovullashini aniqlash sxemalari bilan birlashtirilib, vovullash harakatini cheklash uchun ishlatiladi. Ushbu turdagi hushtak odamlarning eshitish diapazonini aniqlash va ultratovushli tovushlarni talab qiladigan fizika namoyishlari uchun ham ishlatilishi mumkin.
Manbalar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- ↑ Galton, Francis (1883). Inquiries into Human Faculty and Its Development, pp. 26-27.
- ↑ D'Ambrose. {{{editor}}}: „Frequency range of human hearing“. The Physics Factbook (2003). Qaraldi: 2022-yil 22-yanvar.
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 Krantz, Les. Power of the Dog: Things Your Dog Can Do That You Can't. MacMillan, 2009 — 35–37-bet. ISBN 978-0312567224. Manba xatosi: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "Krantz" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Strain. „How Well Do Dogs and Other Animals Hear?“. Prof. Strain's website. School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (2010). Qaraldi: 2012-yil 21-iyul.
- ↑ Caroline Coile, D.; Bonham, Margaret H. (2008), „Why Do Dogs Like Balls?: More Than 200 Canine Quirks, Curiosities, and Conundrums Revealed“, Sterling Publishing Company, Inc: 116, ISBN 9781402750397, qaraldi: 2011-08-07
- ↑ Weisbord, Merrily. Dogs with Jobs: Working Dogs Around the World. Simon & Schuster, 2000 — xvi-xvii-bet. ISBN 0671047353.