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عرب سوشلسٹ بعث پارٹی - سوریہ علاقہ

آزاد دائرۃ المعارف، ویکیپیڈیا سے

حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي – قطر سوريا
General Secretaryبشار الاسد
Assistant General SecretaryIbrahim al-Hadid[1][2]
نعرہUnity, Freedom, Socialism
Long Live The Arabs [3]
تاسیس7 اپریل 1947؛ 77 سال قبل (1947-04-07)
صدر دفتردمشق، Syria
اخبارAl-Ba'ath[4] and Al-Thawra[5][6]
طلبا تنظیمNational Union of Students
Ba'ath Vanguards[7]
یوتھ ونگRevolutionary Youth Union[8]
Paramilitary wingBa'ath Brigades
(2012–2018)[9][10]
رکنیتSteady 1.2 million (2010 اندازاً۔ )[11]
نظریاتNeo-Ba'athism

Historical:

سیاسی حیثیتبایاں بازو[ا]
Popular frontNational Progressive Front[34]
Seats in the
People's Assembly
169 / 250
Seats in the
Council of Ministers
8 / 30
جماعت کا پرچم
ویب سائٹ
www.baathparty.sy

عرب سوشلسٹ بعث پارٹی - سوریہ علاقہ (انگریزی: Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region) (عربی: حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي – قطر سوريا) 7 اپریل 1947ء کو قائم کی گئی ایک نو بعثی تنظیم ہے۔

مزید دیکھیے

[ترمیم]

حوالہ جات

[ترمیم]
  1. ↑ "السيرة الذاتية للرفاق أعضاء القيادة المركزية لحزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي07-05-2024" 
  2. ↑ "هنأ بوتين بتنصيبه رئيساً لروسيا الاتحادية لولاية جديدة … الرئيس الأسد للقيادة المركزية: الحوار أحد أهم آليات تعزيز حضور «البع" [He congratulated Putin on his inauguration as President of the Russian Federation for a new term.۔. President al-Assad of the Central Command: Dialogue is one of the most important mechanisms for strengthening the presence of the “Baath Party.”]۔ Al Watan Newspaper۔ 9 مئی 2024۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 10 مئی 2024 
  3. ↑ Perthes, Volker (1997)۔ The Political Economy of Syria Under Asad. I.B. Tauris. p. 156. آئی ایس بی این 1-86064-192-X۔
  4. ↑ David Commins، David W. Lesch (2013)۔ Historical Dictionary of Syria۔ Scarecrow Press۔ صفحہ: 252۔ ISBN 978-0-8108-7966-9 
  5. ↑ "Syria"۔ Arab Press Network۔ 25 اگست 2012 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 21 جولائی 2012 
  6. ↑ Tucker, Spencer، Roberts, Priscillia Mary (2008)۔ The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military History۔ ABC-CLIO۔ صفحہ: 183–184۔ ISBN 978-1-85109-841-5 
  7. ↑ "Syria's Conflicting Powers Develop Separate Education Curriculums"۔ Atlantic Council۔ 23 دسمبر 2015۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 31 دسمبر 2017 
  8. ↑ أحدث أخبار وفعاليات منظمة اتحاد شبيبة الثورة (The latest news and events of the Revolutionary Youth Union)۔
  9. ↑ Edward Dark (14 مارچ 2014)۔ "Pro-regime Sunni fighters in Aleppo defy sectarian narrative"۔ Al Monitor۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 20 مارچ 2014 
  10. ↑ "Source: The "Tiger" Cancels the Contracts of 6500 of Its Troops throughout Syria"۔ Enab Baladi۔ 20 ستمبر 2018۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 31 اگست 2019 
  11. ↑ "Profile: Syria's ruling Baath Party"۔ برطانوی نشریاتی ادارہ۔ 9 جولائی 2012۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 13 اگست 2019۔ Many posts in the public sector, the military and government were generally reserved for Baathists, which helped boost party membership. By 1981, some 375,000 people had joined the party. By 2010, this number had reportedly risen to 1.2 million – nearly 10% of the population. 
  12. ↑ Korany, Baghat; Dessouki, Ali (2010)۔ The Foreign Policies of Arab States: The Challenge of Globalization۔ American University in Cairo Press۔ pp. 423–424. آئی ایس بی این 978-977-416-360-9۔
  13. ↑ Viorst, Milton (1995)۔ Sandcastles: The Arabs in Search of the Modern World۔ Syracuse University Press۔ p. 146. آئی ایس بی این 978-0224033237۔
  14. ↑ [12][13]
  15. ↑ Christopher Phillips (2020)۔ The Battle for Syria: International Rivalry in the New Middle East۔ London, UK: Yale University Press۔ صفحہ: 11۔ ISBN 978-0-300-21717-9 
  16. ↑ Karim Atassi (2018)۔ Syria, the Strength of an Idea: The Constitutional Architectures of Its Political Regimes۔ New York, NY 10006, USA: Cambridge University Press۔ صفحہ: 259–262, 382۔ ISBN 978-1-107-18360-5۔ doi:10.1017/9781316872017 
  17. ↑ [15][16]
  18. ↑ Karim Atassi (2018)۔ Syria, the Strength of an Idea: The Constitutional Architectures of Its Political Regimes۔ New York, NY 10006, USA: Cambridge University Press۔ صفحہ: 262, 344۔ ISBN 978-1-107-18360-5۔ doi:10.1017/9781316872017 
  19. ↑ Spencer C. Tucker (2015)۔ "Baath party"۔ U.S. Conflicts in the 21st Century۔ 1۔ California, USA: ABC-CLIO۔ صفحہ: 135, 136۔ ISBN 978-1-4408-3878-1 
  20. ↑ [18][19]
  21. ↑ The Israel Economist۔ 26-27۔ University of Minnesota: Kollek & Son, Limited۔ 1970۔ صفحہ: 61۔ The ideology propounded by the Ba'ath changed completely. The accent on Arab nationalism was discarded as was moderate socialism. Their place was taken by Syrian nationalism and extreme left-wing ideas verging on communism. 
  22. ↑ "Syrian nationalism is all about masculinity"۔ The Conversation۔ 13 دسمبر 2017۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 19 جولائی 2023۔ And just as these ideas are at the forefront of the Syrian conflict, they will be very familiar to any ordinary Syrian. Assad’s invigorated nationalism is a highly amplified and intensified version of the same nationalist ideology that we have all experienced over the last four decades. 
  23. ↑ [21][22]
  24. ↑ Mordechai Nisan (2017)۔ "5: Syria: The Occupation of Lebanon"۔ Politics and War in Lebanon: Unraveling the Enigma۔ 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA: Routledge۔ صفحہ: 93–116۔ ISBN 978-1-4128-5667-6 
  25. ↑ [24]
  26. ↑ "Baʿath Party"۔ Britannica۔ 2020۔ The Baʿath Party espoused nonalignment and opposition to imperialism and colonialism.۔. 
  27. ↑ [26]
  28. ↑ Carsten Wieland (جون 2007)۔ "SYRIA'S CHALLENGES AFTER THE ELECTION YEAR IS BASHAR AL-ASAD PART OF THE PROBLEM OR PART OF THE SOLUTION IN THE MIDDLE EAST?"۔ Papel Politico۔ 12 (1): 209–236 
  29. ↑ [28]
  30. ↑ Walt, Stephen (1987)۔ "3:From the Baghdad Pact to the Six Day War"۔ The Origins of Alliances۔ Cornell University Press۔ صفحہ: 87–88۔ ISBN 978-0-8014-9418-5۔ yet another coup d'etat in Syria in فروری 1966 ousted the old guard of the Ba'th Party.۔. and gave a radical faction (subsequently dubbed the neo-Ba'th) undisputed power. Abandoning the traditional goal of Arab unity, the new leaders proclaimed a radical socialist platform at home and a commitment to violent revolutionary activity abroad.۔ 
  31. ↑ * Mohammed El-attrache (1973)۔ The Political Philosophy of Michel Aflaq and the Ba'th Party in Syria۔ Norman, Oklahoma, USA: University of Oklahoma۔ صفحہ: 160–177۔ hdl:11244/3545 
  32. ↑ [30][31]
  33. ↑ * Jovan Cavoški (2022)۔ Non-Aligned Movement Summits: A History۔ UK: Bloomsburry۔ صفحہ: 101۔ ISBN 978-1-350-03209-5۔ Syria, headed by the radical leftist Baath Party overtly challenged Nasser's leadership credentials by highlighting his diminished revolutionary spirit. 
    • Adeed I. Dawisha (1980)۔ "3: External and Internal Setting"۔ Syria and the Lebanese Crisis۔ London, UK: Macmillan Press Ltd۔ صفحہ: 45۔ ISBN 978-1-349-05373-5۔ The change has been particularly marked under Asad. He has created a fairly popular Presidential regime: radical left, the most advanced socialist regime in the Arab world, it is progressively widening the frame to include more peasants and labourers. 
    • The Israel Economist۔ 26–27۔ University of Minnesota: Kollek & Son, Limited۔ 1970۔ صفحہ: 61۔ The ideology propounded by the Ba'ath changed completely. The accent on Arab nationalism was discarded as was moderate socialism. Their place was taken by Syrian nationalism and extreme left-wing ideas verging on communism. 
    • Jacob Abadi (2004)۔ Israel's Quest for Recognition and Acceptance in Asia: Garrison State Diplomacy۔ London, UK: Frank Class Publishers۔ صفحہ: 22۔ ISBN 0-7146-5576-7۔ radical left-wing Ba'ath party in Syria. 
    • Kamel S. Abu Jaber (1966)۔ The Arab Ba'th Socialist Party: History, Ideology and Organization۔ Syracuse, New York, USA: Syracuse University Press۔ صفحہ: xii–xiii, 33–47, 75–97۔ LCCN 66-25181۔ The leadership now in control of Syria does not represent the gamut of the Ba'th party. It is composed mainly of extreme leftists vesting almost exclusive authority in the military wing of the party. 
    • Derek Hopwood (2013)۔ Syria 1945–1986: Politics and Society۔ Routledge۔ صفحہ: 45–46, 73–75, 90۔ ISBN 978-1-317-81842-7۔ doi:10.4324/9781315818955۔ The period 1963 to 1970 when Asad finally succeeded was marked ideologically by uncertainty and even turbulence. It was a period of transition from the old nationalist politicians to the radical socialist Baathis.۔ struggle between ‘moderates’ and radicals was centred on the dispute whether to impose a radical left wing government and a social revolution on Syria or to follow a more moderate Arab unionist course which would possibly appease opponents of the Baath. The radicals largely held the upper hand and worked to strengthen the control of the party over the state. 
    • Christopher Phillips (2020)۔ The Battle for Syria: International Rivalry in the New Middle East۔ London, UK: Yale University Press۔ صفحہ: 11۔ ISBN 978-0-300-21717-9۔ In 1963.۔ the socialist Ba’ath Party, seized power. The radical left wing of the party then launched an internal coup in 1966, initiating accelerated land reform 
    • Alekseĭ Mikhaĭlovich Vasilʹev (1993)۔ Russian Policy in the Middle East: From Messianism to Pragmatism۔ University of Michigan, USA: Ithaca Press۔ صفحہ: 63, 76۔ ISBN 978-0-86372-168-7۔ Syrian Baathist version of Arab nationalism and socialism offered plenty of points of contact with Soviet policy.۔ when the left-wing Baathist faction led by Nureddin Atasi came to power, accelerated Syria’s rapprochement with the Soviet Union.۔ for the USSR Syria remained an uneasy ally whose actions were beyond control, often unpredictable and the cause of complications. The ultra-leftist slogans originating from Damascus (such as a "people’s war") were not received enthusiastically in Moscow. Mustafa Tlas, the new Syrian chief of staff, was a theoretician of guerrilla warfare and had even translated works by Che Guevara who was not particularly popular among the Soviet leaders." 
    • James Climent (2015)۔ World Terrorism: An Encyclopedia of Political Violence from Ancient Times to the Post-9/11 Era (2nd ایڈیشن)۔ New York: Routledge۔ صفحہ: 383۔ ISBN 978-0-7656-8284-0۔ influence of different views, came from the more radical left-wing nationalist groups. These groups included.۔ Syria's Ba'ath party which seized power in Damascus in 1963 
  34. ↑ Elizabeth O'Bagy (7 جون 2012)۔ "Syria's Political Struggle: Spring 2012" (Backgrounder)۔ ISW۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 26 اکتوبر 2014 
  35. ↑ Federal Research Division (2004)۔ Syria: A Country Study۔ Kessinger Publishing۔ p. 215. آئی ایس بی این 978-1-4191-5022-7۔


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