మూస:Infobox europium

యూరోపియం, ₀₀Eu
యూరోపియం
Pronunciation	/jʊˈroʊpiəm/ (yuu-ROH-pee-əm)
Appearance	silvery white, but rarely seen without oxide discoloration
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Eu)
	151.964±0.001; 151.96±0.01 (abridged);
యూరోపియం in the periodic table
	సమేరియం ← యూరోపియం → గాడోలీనియం
Group	మూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Period	period 6
Block	f-block
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f7 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	1099 K (826 °C, 1519 °F)
Boiling point	1802 K (1529 °C, 2784 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	5.264 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	5.13 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	9.21 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	176 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	27.66 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	0, 2, 3 (a mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: ? 1.2
Atomic radius	empirical: 180 pm
Covalent radius	198±6 pm
	Spectral lines of యూరోపియం
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	body-centered cubic (bcc)
Thermal expansion	(r.t.) (poly); 35.0 µm/(m⋅K)
Thermal conductivity	est. 13.9 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	(r.t.) (poly) 0.900 µ Ω⋅m
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	18.2 GPa
Shear modulus	7.9 GPa
Bulk modulus	8.3 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.152
Vickers hardness	167 MPa
CAS Number	7440-53-1
History
Discovery	Eugène-Anatole Demarçay (1896)
First isolation	Eugène-Anatole Demarçay (1901)
Isotopes of యూరోపియం v; e;
	Template:infobox యూరోపియం isotopes does not exist
	Category: యూరోపియం; view; talk; edit; \| references

References

↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Europium". CIAAW. 1995.
↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
↑ Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.
↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Europium". CIAAW. 1995.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[Cloke1993-3] Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.

[magnet-4] Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

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