Robati Southwell
Robati Southwell, S.J. (Norfolk, Uingereza, 1561 hivi – Tyburn, London, 21 Februari 1595) alikuwa padri wa Kanisa Katoliki ambaye kwa sababu hiyo aliuawa na serikali ya nchi yake.
Alikuwa pia mshairi wa lugha ya Kiingereza akatunga tenzi za kidini.
Papa Pius XI alimtangaza mwenye heri tarehe 15 Desemba 1929 halafu Papa Paulo VI tarehe 25 Oktoba 1970 alimtangaza kuwa mtakatifu mfiadini pamoja na wenzake 39[1].
Sikukuu yake ni tarehe 21 Februari[2].
Maisha
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Robati alikwenda kusoma Ufaransa akajiunga na Wajesuiti huko Roma, Italia, mwaka 1578. Hukohuko aliendelea na masomo ya falsafa na teolojia akapata upadirisho (1584).
Baada ya kufundisha huko miaka miwili aliomba kurudi kwao ingawa serikali ilikuwa inadhulumu Wakatoliki. Alifanya uchungaji hasa London kwa miaka sita hadi alipokamatwa na hatimaye kuuawa kwa kuchanwachanwa kikatili kuteswa kikatili kwa amri ya malkia Elizabeti I mwenyewe na kuuawa kwa kunyongwa chini ya sheria.
Tazama pia
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale
- Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo
- Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika
- Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko
Tanbihi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ Malcolm Pullan (30 April 2008). The Lives and Times of Forty Martyrs of England and Wales 1535 - 1680. Athena Press. pp. xvii–xxiai. ISBN 978-1-84748-258-7.
- ↑ Martyrologium Romanum
Marejeo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Archivum Romanum Societatis Iesu, Anglia 14, fol. 80, under date 1578
- Bishop Challoner. Memoirs of Missionary Priests and other Catholics of both sexes that have Suffered Death in England on Religious Accounts from the year 1577 to 1684 (Manchester, 1803) vol. I, p. 175ff.
- Brown, Nancy P. Southwell, Robert [St Robert Southwell] (1561–1595),writer, Jesuit, and martyr Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Southwell, Robert. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
- Janelle, Pierre. Robert Southwell, The Writer: A Study in Religious Inspiration. Mamaroneck, NY: Paul P. Appel, 1971.
- Jokinen, Anniina. The Works of Robert Southwell. 9 Oct 1997. 26 Sep 2008.
- "Robert Southwell (c. 1561–1595)". 2003. MasterFILE Premier
- F.W.Brownlow. Robert Southwell. Twayne Publishers, 1996.
- John Klause. Shakespeare, the Earl, and the Jesuit. Madison & Teaneck, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2008.
Marejeo mengine
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Louis Martz. The Poetry of Meditation: A Study in English Religious Literature of the Seventeenth Century. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1954. ISBN|0-300-00165-7
- Scott R. Pilarz. Robert Southwell, and the Mission of Literature, 1561–1595: Writing Reconciliation. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004. ISBN|0-7546-3380-2
- Robert Southwell, Hořící dítě a jiné básně, Josef Hrdlička (translat.), Refugium, Olomouc 2008.
- St. Robert Southwell: Collected Poems. Ed. Peter Davidson and Anne Sweeney. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 2007. ISBN|1-85754-898-1
- Ceri Sullivan, Dismembered Rhetoric. English Recusant Writing, 1580–1603. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press, 1995. ISBN|0-8386-3577-6
- Anne Sweeney, Robert Southwell. Snow in Arcadia: Redrawing the English Lyric Landscape, 1586–95. Manchester University Press, 2006. ISBN|0-7190-7418-5
- George Whalley, "The Life and Martyrdom of Robert Southwell." Radio Script. 135-minute dramatic feature. CBC Radio Tuesday Night 29 June 1971. Produced by John Reeves.
Viungo vya nje
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- The Cambridge History of English and American Literature
- The Poems of Robert Southwell
- Complete Poems of Robert Southwell, Grosart edition, 1872.
- The complete works of R. Southwell : with life and death (1876)
- A foure-fould meditation, of the foure last things (1895)
- The prose works of Robert Southwell. Ed. by W.J. Walter (1828)
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