Céko

Républik Céko
Česká republika Républik Céko
	Motto; "Pravda vítězí" (basa Céko); "Kabeneran nu meunang"
	Lagu; Kde domov můj? (Céko); "Di mana imah abdi?";
	Location of Céko Lokasi Céko (héjo kolot) – di buana Éropa (héjo & kulawu kolot); – di Uni Éropa (héjo) — [Legenda]
Ibu kota; (jeung kota panggedéna)	Praha; 50°05′N 14°28′E
Basa	Resmi: Céko, Slovak; Minoritas: Bulgaria, Kroasia, Jérman, Yunani, Hungaria, Polandia, Romani, Rusia, Rusyn, Sérbia, jeung Ukraina
Grup étnis (2001)	90,5% Céko,; 3,7% Moravia,; 1,9% Slovak,; 3,9% nu lian jeung nu teu kaspésifikasi;
Démonim	Czech
Pamaréntah	Républik parleménter
Pawangunan
Asup ka; Uni Éropa	1 Méi 2004
Populasi
GDP (PPP)	Perkiraan 2020
GDP (nominal)	Perkiraan 2020
Gini? (2019)	24.0 (5th)
HDI (2019)	0.900 (27th)
Mata uang	Koruna Céko (CZK)
Zona wanci	CET (UTC 1)
TLD Internét	.cz³
Kode telepon	4204
1	30 Juni 2010 (See Population changes).
2	Tingkat dumasar kana data IMF 2009
3	Ogé .eu, bareng jeung nagara anggota Uni Eropa nu lian.
4	Ngagunakeun kode 42 bareng Slovakia nepi ka 1997.; ^ a. Panarosan rétorika hartina "Lemah éta di mana rorompok kuring aya".

Républik Céko (Cekia; basa Céko: Česká republika, Česko déngé (pitulung·info)) mangrupa hiji nagara di Éropa Tengah nu diwangun saenggeus bubarna nagara Cékoslowakia. Nagara ieu tepung wates jeung Jérman di kulon jeung kalér, Polandia di kalér, Slowakia di tenggara, jeung Austria di kidul.

Di nagara ieu aya Sudetenland, di mana baheula aya séké bangsa Jérman, tapi saenggeus Perang Dunya II, kalobaannana didéportasi sanajan masih loba urang Céko nu mibanda nami Jérman.

Sajarah

Artikel utama: Sajarah Céko.

Taneuh Céko muncul dina ahir abad ka-9 wanci dihijian ku Přemyslids. Karajaan Bohémia nu ngawasaanna, tapi konflik kaagamaan kawas Perang Hussit abad ka-15 jeung Perang Tilu Puluh Taun abad ka-17 ngaruksak. Teras wewengkon ieu aya dina pangaruh Habsburg jeung mangrupa bagian Austria-Hongaria.

Saenggeus labuhna nagara éta dina Perang Dunya I, Céko jeung tatanggina Slowakia ngagabung jeung ngawangun républik merdéka Cékoslowakia dina 1918. Négara anyar ieu boga étnis Jérman minoritas nu loba, nu nuju ka bubarna Cékoslowakia wanci Jérman sukses nganéksasi minoritas éta liwat Pasatujuan Munchen dina 1938, jeung Slowakia miboga otonomi nu leuwih gedé, jeung nagara dinamian "Céko-Slowakia". Slowakia salajengna misah deui dina 1939 jeung sisa nagara Céko ieu dikawasaan ku Jérman.

Saenggeus Perang Dunya II, Cékoslowakia labuh kana pangaruh Uni Soviét. Dina 1968, hiji invasi ku pasukan Pakta Warsawa ngahiran usaha pamingpin nagara ieu pikeun ngaliberalkeun partéy nu keur maréntah jeung nyieun "sosialisme jeung hiji paroman manusa" dina Usum Semi Praha. Dina 1989, Cékoslowakia mibanda kabébasan liwat Révolusi Kacébong. Dina 1 Januari 1993, nagara ieu meupeus kana dua nagara, Républik Céko jeung Républik Slowakia nu merdéka.

Céko ngagabung kana NATO dina 1999 jeung Uni Éropa dina 2004.

Politik

Artikel utama: Politik Céko.

Dumasar kana konstitusi, Républik Céko mangrupa hiji nagara démokrasi parleménter nu pupuhu nagarana hiji présidén nu dipilih ku parlemén pikeun masa jabat 5 taun. Présidén mibanda hak véto dina législasi, hak imunitas, jeung bisa ngabubarkeun parlemén dina kaayaan katangtu. Anjeunna ogé milih perdana menteri sarta anggota kabinét dumasar kana proposal ti perdana menteri.

Parlemén Céko (Parlament) mangrupa hiji parlemén bikameral nu diwangun ti Poslanecká sněmovna nu kasusun ti 200 korsi nu masa jabatna 4 taun jeung Sénát nu kasusun ti 81 korsi nu masa jabatna 6 jeung 2 taun.

Géografi

Artikel utama: Géografi Céko.

Céko teu boga wates laut. Di wewengkon Bohémia, aya Walungan Elbe atawa Labe dina basa Céko jeung Walungan Vltava, dikurilingan ku pagunungan pondok. Di Sudeten, aya Gunung Sněžka (1.602 m). Bagian wétan Céko, Moravia, loba pasir jeung aya Walungan Morava sarta mangrupa cinyusu Walungan Oder atawa Odra.

Pambagian adminstratif

Céko dibagi kana tilu belas wewengkon administratif (kraje, tunggal - kraj) jeung hiji wewengkon ibu kota (hlavní město), nu ditandaan ku *.

Peta Céko warna béda per provinsi

	Daerah	Ibu kota
	Praha*
	Bohémia Tengah (Středočeský kraj)	kantor-kantorna aya di Praha
	Bohémia Kidul (Jihočeský kraj)	České Budějovice
	Plzeň (Plzeňský kraj)	Plzeň
	Karlovy Vary (Karlovarský kraj)	Karlovy Vary
	Usti nad Labem (Ústecký kraj)	Ústí nad Labem
	Liberec (Libérécký kraj)	Liberec
	Hradec Kralove (Královéhradecký kraj)	Hradec Králové
	Pardubice (Pardubický kraj)	Pardubice
	Olomouc (Olomoucký kraj)	Olomouc
	Moravia-Silesia (Moravskoslezský kraj)	Ostrava
	Moravia Selatan (Jihomoravský kraj)	Brno
	Zlin (Zlínský kraj)	Zlín
	Vysocina (Vysočina)	Jihlava

Tempo ogé

Catetan suku

↑ Slovak language is defined as official language together with Czech language by several laws – e.g. law 500/2004, 337/1992. Source: http://portal.gov.cz Archived 2005-04-10 di Wayback Machine. Cited: "Například Správní řád (zákon č. 500/2004 Sb.) stanovuje: "V řízení se jedná a písemnosti se vyhotovují v českém jazyce. Účastníci řízení mohou jednat a písemnosti mohou být předkládány i v jazyce slovenském..." (§16, odstavec 1). Zákon o správě daní a poplatků (337/1992 Sb.) „Úřední jazyk: Před správcem daně se jedná v jazyce českém nebo slovenském. Veškerá písemná podání se předkládají v češtině nebo slovenštině..." (§ 3, odstavec 1). http://portal.gov.cz Archived 2005-04-10 di Wayback Machine
↑ Citizens belonging to minorities, which traditionally and on long-term basis live within the territory of the Czech Republic, enjoy the right to use their language in communication with authorities and in front of the courts of law (for the list of recognized minorities see National Minorities Policy of the Government of the Czech Republic Archived 2012-06-07 di Wayback Machine). The article 25 of the Czech Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms ensures right of the national and ethnic minorities for education and communication with authorities in their own language. Act No. 500/2004 Coll. (The Administrative Rule) in its paragraph 16 (4) (Procedural Language) ensures, that a citizen of the Czech Republic, who belongs to a national or an ethnic minority, which traditionally and on long-term basis lives within the territory of the Czech Republic, have right to address an administrative agency and proceed before it in the language of the minority. In case that the administrative agency doesn't have an employee with knowledge of the language, the agency is bound to obtain a translator at the agency's own expense. According to Act No. 273/2001 (About The Rights of Members of Minorities) paragraph 9 (The right to use language of a national minority in dealing with authorities and in front of the courts of law) the same applies for the members of national minorities also in front of the courts of law.
↑ CIA – The World Factbook – Czech Republic Archived 2008-04-22 di Wayback Machine
↑ "Public database: Land use (as at 31 December)". Czech Statistical Office. Diakses tanggal 2 June 2021. Archived 16 Oktober 2021 di Wayback Machine
↑ "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2021". Czech Statistical Office. 30 April 2021. Archived 1 Méi 2021 di Wayback Machine
↑ Salah ngutip: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama census2011
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Diakses tanggal 2 November 2019. Archived 6 Juni 2020 di Wayback Machine

Tumbu luar

Wikimedia Commons mibanda média séjénna nu patali jeung Céko.

Tempo ogé Céko di Wikivoyage

(en) Situs resmi Archived 2005-04-03 di Wayback Machine
(en) Situs resmi pariwisata Archived 2005-03-23 di Wayback Machine
(en) MyCzechRepublic.com

Artikel ngeunaan géografi ieu mangrupa taratas, perlu disampurnakeun. Upami sadérék uninga langkung paos perkawis ieu, dihaturan kanggo ngalengkepan.

[1] Slovak language is defined as official language together with Czech language by several laws – e.g. law 500/2004, 337/1992. Source: http://portal.gov.cz Archived 2005-04-10 di Wayback Machine. Cited: "Například Správní řád (zákon č. 500/2004 Sb.) stanovuje: "V řízení se jedná a písemnosti se vyhotovují v českém jazyce. Účastníci řízení mohou jednat a písemnosti mohou být předkládány i v jazyce slovenském..." (§16, odstavec 1). Zákon o správě daní a poplatků (337/1992 Sb.) „Úřední jazyk: Před správcem daně se jedná v jazyce českém nebo slovenském. Veškerá písemná podání se předkládají v češtině nebo slovenštině..." (§ 3, odstavec 1). http://portal.gov.cz Archived 2005-04-10 di Wayback Machine

[languages-2] Citizens belonging to minorities, which traditionally and on long-term basis live within the territory of the Czech Republic, enjoy the right to use their language in communication with authorities and in front of the courts of law (for the list of recognized minorities see National Minorities Policy of the Government of the Czech Republic Archived 2012-06-07 di Wayback Machine). The article 25 of the Czech Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms ensures right of the national and ethnic minorities for education and communication with authorities in their own language. Act No. 500/2004 Coll. (The Administrative Rule) in its paragraph 16 (4) (Procedural Language) ensures, that a citizen of the Czech Republic, who belongs to a national or an ethnic minority, which traditionally and on long-term basis lives within the territory of the Czech Republic, have right to address an administrative agency and proceed before it in the language of the minority. In case that the administrative agency doesn't have an employee with knowledge of the language, the agency is bound to obtain a translator at the agency's own expense. According to Act No. 273/2001 (About The Rights of Members of Minorities) paragraph 9 (The right to use language of a national minority in dealing with authorities and in front of the courts of law) the same applies for the members of national minorities also in front of the courts of law.

[3] CIA – The World Factbook – Czech Republic Archived 2008-04-22 di Wayback Machine

[4] "Public database: Land use (as at 31 December)". Czech Statistical Office. Diakses tanggal 2 June 2021. Archived 16 Oktober 2021 di Wayback Machine

[5] "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2021". Czech Statistical Office. 30 April 2021. Archived 1 Méi 2021 di Wayback Machine

[census2011-6] Salah ngutip: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama census2011

[IMFWEOCZ-7] "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Diakses tanggal 2 November 2019. Archived 6 Juni 2020 di Wayback Machine

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