Sporozoa

Taxonavigation

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Diaphoretickes
Cladus: Tsar
Cladus: Sar
Infraregnum: Alveolata
Phylum: Myzozoa
Subphylum: Apicomplexa
Infraphylum: Sporozoa
Classes: Aconoidasida – Conoidasida

Classes (in synonymy): Coccidea – Gregarinea – Hematozoa

Genus (incertae sedis): Ixoreis

Name

Sporozoa Leuckart, 1879

Synonyms (sensu lato)

• Fungilli Haeckel, 1894
• Sporozoaria Delage & Hérouard, 1896
• Telosporidia Schaudinn, 1900

Synonyms (sensu stricto)

• Apicomplexa Levine, 1970

References

• Hagenmüller, P. 1899. Bibliotheca Sporozoologica. Bibliographie générale et spéciale des travaux concernant les Sporozoaires parus antérieurement au 1er janvier 1899. Annales du Musée d'histoire naturelle de Marseille Sér. II, vol. 1, p. 1–233.
• Leuckart, R. 1879. Die menschlichen Parasiten. 2nd ed. Vol. 1.
• Thomas Cavalier-Smith, T. & Chao, E.E. 2004. Protalveolate phylogeny and systematics and the origins of Sporozoa and dinoflagellates (phylum Myzozoa nom. nov.). European Journal of Protistology 40, 185–212.
• Thomas Cavalier-Smith, T. 2003. Protist phylogeny and the high-level classification of Protozoa. European Journal of Protistology 39, 338–348.

Links

• Sporozoa in the World Register of Marine Species

Classifications

Leuckart (1879–1886)

Leuckart, R. (1879–1886). Die menschlichen Parasiten. 2nd ed., vol. 1. Winter: Leipzig, [1], [2]

Protozoa

• Rhizopoda
  • Amoeba coli
• Sporozoa
  • Gregarinen
  • Psorospermienschläuche
  • Eiförmige Psorospermien
  • Miescher'sche Schläuche
• Infusoria
  • Geisselinfusorien
    • Cercomonas intestinalis
    • Trichomonas vaginalis
    • Trichomonas intestinalis
    • Megastoma entericum
    • Asthmatos ciliaris
  • Wimperinfusorien
    • Balantidium coli

Bütschli (1880–1889)

Bütschli, O. (1880–1889). Dr. H.G. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs: wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild: wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild. Erster Band: Protozoa. Abt. I, Sarkodina und Sporozoa, 1880-82 [3] Abt. II, Mastigophora, 1883–87 [4] Abt. III, Infusoria und System der Radiolaria, 1887–89 [5]. C.F. Winter, Leipzig.

Phylum Protozoa

• Class Sarkodina
• Class Sporozoa
  • Subclass Gregarinida
    • I. Ordn. Monocystidea Stein
      • a. Coccidiidae
        • 1. Tribus Monosporea
          • Orthospora A. Schn. 1881
          • Eimeria Schneider 1875; Synon. Gregarina (falciformis) Eimer
        • 2. Tribus Oligosporea
          • Cyclospora Schnd. 1881 emend. Bütschli; Synon. Coccidium Rivolta, Grassi
          • Isospora A. Schn. 1881
          • Coccidium Leuck. 1879; Synon. Psorospermium p. p. Rivolta 1877, Cytospermium Rivolta 1877 p. p.
        • 3. Tribus Polysporea
          • Klossia Schneider 1875
          • ?Benedenia Schneider 1875
      • b. Monocystidae s. str.
        • Adelea Schneider 1875
        • Monocystis Stein 1848
        • Gamocystis Schn. 1875; Synon. Zygocystis Ephemerae v. Frantz, Gamocystis Francisi Schn. 1882
        • Conorhynchus Greeff 1879; Synon. Gregarina Greeff 1877
        • Gonospora Schn. 1875; Synon. Gregarina (Terebellae) Köll.
        • Urospora Schneider 1875; Synon, Gregarina (Nemertis) Köll. (Sipunculi) Köll., Lankester; (Saenuridis Köll.) Lankester; Gregarina virgula P. V. Bened.
    • II. Ordn. Polycystidea Schneid. 1872
      • Dufouria Schneid. 1875
      • Bothriopsis Schneid. 1875
      • Porospora Schneid. 1875
      • Stenocephalus Schneid. 1875
      • Hyalospora Schneid. 1875
      • Euspora Schneid. 1875
      • Clepsidrina (Hammerschm.) Schneid. 1875; Synon. Gregarina p. p. Autor
      • Echinocephalus Schneid. 1875
      • Stylorhynchus (Stein 1848) emend. Schneid. 1875
      • Geneiorhynchus Schneid. 1875
      • Actinocephalus (Stein 1848), Schneider; Synon. Gregarina Autor, p. p., Siebold, Leidy.; Hoplorhynchus J. V. Carus, Schneider
      • Pyxinia Hammerschm. 1838, Schneider; Synon. Gregarina rubecula Frantz.
  • Subclass Myxosporidia
  • Subclass Sarcosporidia
• Class Mastigophora
• Class Infusoria

Lankester (1885, 1891)

Lankester, E. R. (1885). Article "Protozoa". In: Encyclopaedia Britannica (9th ed.), 19: 830–866, [6].

Lankester, E. R. (1891). Article "Protozoa". In: Zoological Articles Contributed to the Encyclopaedia Britannica, [7].

• Protozoa
  • Grade B. Corticata Lankester, 1878
    • Class 1. Sporozoa Leuckart; Syn. Gregarinida Auct.
      • Sub-class I. Gregarinidea Bütschli
        • Order 1. Haplocyta Lankester
          • Genus Monocystis Stein, 1848
        • Order 2. Septata Lankester
          • Genus Gregarina Dufour
          • Genus Hoplorhynchus Von Carus
      • Sub-class II. Coccidiidea Bütschli
        • Order 1. Monosporea Aim. Schn.
          • Genus Eimeria
        • Order 2. Oligosporea Aim. Schn.
          • Genus Coccidium Leuck.
        • Order 3. Polysporea Aim. Schn.
          • Genus Klossia Aim. Schn.
      • Sub-class III. Myxosporidia Bütschli
        • Genus Myxidium Bütschli
        • Genus Myxobolus Bütschli
        • Genus Lithocystis Giard
      • Sub-class IV. Sarcocystidia Bütschli
        • Genus Sarcocystis Lankester
        • Genus Amoebidium Cienkowski

Haeckel (1889)

Haeckel, E. 1889. Natürliche Schöpfungsgeschichte, 8th ed, [8]. See p. 452, 453, 462, 508.

• Protistenreich
  • Protozoa (Protista animalia)
    • Cytarcha
      • Lobosa (Amoebina)
      • Gregarinae (Sporozoa)

Haeckel (1894)

Systematische phylogenie, 3 vols (vol. 1, Protisten und Pflanzen, 1894; vol. 2, Invertebrata, 1896; vol. 3, Vertebrata, 1895). [9].

• Thieren
  • Protozoa (Protista plasmophaga) [Vol. 1, p. 138]
    • Fungilli (= Sporozoa) [p. 146]
      • Class Fungillaria (Sporozoa cystomorpha)
        • Order Chytridina (= Chytridiales; Chytridiaceae; Chytromycetes; Archimycetes)
        • Order Gregarina (= Gregarinae; Sporozoa s. str.)
          • Family Monocystida
            • Coccidium
            • Ascomycillus
            • Monocystis
          • Family Dissocystida
            • Stylorhychus
            • Actinocephalus
            • Clepsidrina
      • Class Fungilletta (Sporozoa mycetomorpha)
        • Zygomycaria (= Zygomycetes)
        • Siphomycaria (= Ovomycetes [see Oomycetes])

Delage & Hérouard (1896)

Traité de zoologie concrète, t. 1, [10].

• Protozoa
  • Classe Sporozoaria
    • Sous-Classe Rhabdogeniae
    • Sous-Classe Amoebogenia

Labbé (1899)

Labbé, A. 1899. Sporozoa. In: Das Tierreich. Vol. 5. R. Friedländer und Sohn, Berlin, [11].

• Sporozoa
  • I. Leg. Cytosporidia
    • 1. Ord. Gregarinida
    • 2. Ord. Coccidiida
    • 3. Ord. Haemosporidiida
    • 4. Ord. Gymnosporidiida
  • II. Leg. Myxosporidia
    • 1. Ord. Phaeonocystida
    • 2. Ord. Microsporidiida
• Sarcosporidia
• Amoebosporidia
• Serumsporidia

Doflein (1901)

Doflein, F. (1901). Die Protozoen als Parasiten und Krankheitserreger, 1st ed. Further editions: Lehrbuch der Protozoenkunde.

• Stamm: Protozoa
  • I. Unterstamm: Plasmodroma
    • III. Klasse: Sporozoa
      • I. Unterklasse: Telosporidia
        • I. Ordnung: Coccidiomorpha
          • I. Unterordnung: Coccidia
          • II. Unterordnung: Haemosporidia
        • II. Ordnung: Gregarinida
      • II. Unterklasse: Neosporidia
        • I. Ordnung: Cnidosporidia
          • I. Unterordnung: Myxosporidia
          • II. Unterordnung: Mykrosporidia
        • II. Ordnung: Sarcosporidia
    • Anhang:
      • Serumsporidia
      • Haplosporidia

Grassé et al. (1953)

Grassé, P.-P. (Ed.). Traité de Zoologie. Vol. 1.2, Protozoaires: Rhizopodes, Actinopodes, Sporozoaires, Cnidosporidies, 1953. Masson, Paris, [12], [13] [14]

Règne animal

• Phylum Protozoa
  • Subphylum Rhizoflagellata
    • Superclassis Flagellata
    • Superclassis Rhizopoda
  • Subphylum Actinopoda
  • Subphylum Sporozoa [par Grassé]
    • Classis Gregarinomorpha n. nov. (= Gregarinae Haeckel, 1866)
    • Classis Coccidiomorpha
      • Subordo Haemosporidiidea [par Poisson]
    • Classis Sarcosporidia [par Grassé]
    • Sporozoa incertae sedis [par Grassé]
      • Spirocystis nidula, Joyeuxella toxoides, Rhytidocystis, Exoschizon siphonosomae, Piridium sociabile
    • "Appendice aux sporozoaires": Classis Haplosporidia Caullery & Mesnil, 1899 [par Caullery]
    • "Sporozoaires incertains": Superfamilia Babesioidea [par Poisson]
    • "Protistes parasites intra- ou extra-cellulaires d'affinités incertaines" [par Poisson]
      • Dactylosoma, Cytoecetes, Elleipsisoma, Globidiellum, Pirhemocyton, Sergentella, Bertarellia, Immanoplasma, Paraplasma, Microsoma, Cingula, Haematractidium, Haemohormidium, Cytamoeba, Lymphocytozoon, Grahamella, Bartonella, Eperythrozoon, Tunetella, Sauroplasma, Erythrocytozoon, Toxoplasma, Rickettsia, Wolbachia, Ixodisymbiotes
  • Subphylum Cnidosporidia [par Poisson]
    • Ordo Myxosporidia
    • Ordo Microsporidia
    • Ordo Actinomyxidia Štolc, 1899
    • Ordo Paramyxidia
    • "Cnidosporidies douteuses"
      • Helicosporidium, Encephalitozoon
  • Subphylum Ciliata

Kudo (1954)

From Protozoology, 4th ed., Kudo system

Phylum Protozoa Goldfuss

• Subphylum Plasmodroma Doflein
  • Class Mastigophora Diesing
  • Class Sarcodina Hertwig and Lesser
  • Class Sporozoa Leuckart
    • Subclass Telosporidia Schaudinn
      • Order 1 Gregarinida Lankester
      • Order 2 Coccidia Leuckart
      • Order 3 Haemosporidia Danilewsky
    • Subclass Acnidosporidia Cépède
    • Subclass Cnidosporidia Doflein
• Subphylum Ciliophora Doflein

Copeland (1956)

Copeland, H. F. (1956). The Classification of Lower Organisms. Palo Alto: Pacific Books, [15].

• Kingdom Protoctista Hogg, 1860
  • Phylum 7. Fungilli Haeckel, 1894 (= Order Gregarinae Haeckel, 1866; Class Sporozoa Leuckart, 1879; Class Sporozoaria Delage and Hérouard, 1896; Subphylum Sporozoa Calkins, 1926)
    • Class 1. Sporozoa Leuckart, 1879 (= Subclass Gregarinida Bütschli, 1882; Class Sporozoaria and subclass Rhabdogeniae Delage and Hérouard, 1896; Legion Cytosporidia Labbé, 1899; Subclass Telosporidia Schaudinn, 1900; Class Telosporidia Calkins, 1926; Class Telosporidea, with subclasses Gregarinidia, Coccidia, and Haemosporidia, and class Acnidosporidea Hall, 1953; Sous-embranchement des Sporozoaires, with classes Gregarinomorpha, Coccidiomorpha, and Sarcosporidia Grassé, 1953)
      • Order 1. Oligosporea Lankester, 1855
      • Order 2. Polysporea Lankester, 1855
      • Order 3. Gymnosporidiida Labbé, 1899
      • Order 4. Dolichocystida Delage and Hérouard, 1896
      • Order 5. Schizogregarinida Calkins, 1926
      • Order 6. Monocystidea Bütschli, 1882
      • Order 7. Polycystidea Bütschli, 1882
      • Order 8. Haplosporidiidea Poche, 1913
    • Class 2. Neosporidia (Schaudinn, 1900) Calkins, 1926
      • Order 1. Phaenocystes Gurley, 1893
      • Order 2. Actinomyxida Stole, 1911
      • Order 3. Cryptocystes Gurley, 1893

Honigberg et al. (1964)

From Honigberg, B.M., Balamuth, W., Bovee, E.C., Corliss, J.O., Gojdics, M., Hall, R.P., Kudo, R.R., Levine, N.D., Loeblich, A.R.Jr., Weiser, J. and Wenrich, D.H., 1964: A revised classification of the phylum Protozoa. Journal of Protozoology, 11(1), p. 7-20, [16], [17]. See Fernández-Galiano (1964), [18].

Phylum Protozoa

• Subphylum Sporozoa
  • Class Telosporea
    • Subclass Gregarinia
    • Subclass Coccidia
  • Class Toxoplasmea
  • Class Haplosporea

Levine et al. (1980)

From N. D. Levine; J. O. Corliss; F. E. G. Cox; G. Deroux; J. Grain; B. M. Honigberg; G. F. Leedale; A. R. Loeblich, III; J. Lom; D. Lynn; E. G. Merinfeld; F. C. Page; G. Poljansky; V. Sprague; J. Vavra; and F. G. Wallace (1980). A newly revised classification of the Protozoa. J. Protozool., 27:37–58, [19], [20].

Subkingdom Protozoa

• Phylum Apicomplexa Levine, 1970
  • Class Perkinsea Levine, 1978
  • Class Sporozoea Leuckart, 1879
    • Subclass Gregarinia Dufour, 1828
    • Subclass Coccidia Leuckart, 1879
    • Subclass Piroplasmia Levine, 1961

Corliss (1984)

From The kingdom Protista and its 45 phyla [21].

Kingdom Protista Haeckel, 1866

• Assemblage XV. The sporozoa
  • Phylum Sporozoa Leuckart, 1879 (syn. Apicomplexa)
  • Incertae sedis:
    • Perkinsida Levine, 1978

Cavalier-Smith (1993)

From Kingdom Protozoa and its 18 phyla, (PDF)

Empire Eukaryota

• Superkingdom 2. Metakaryota
  • Kingdom 1. Protozoa
    • Subkingdom 2. Dictyozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1991
      • Branch 2. Bikonta new branch
        • Infrakingdom 2. Neozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1983
          • Parvkdngdom 2. Alveolata Cavalier-Smith, 1991 stat. nov.
            • Superphylum 1. Miozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1987
              • Phylum 1. Dinozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1981 emend.
                • Subphylum 1. Protalveolata Cavalier-Smith, 1991
                • Subphylum 2. Dinoflagellata Butschli, 1885 stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith, 1991 (originally a class) (syn. Cilioflagellata Müller, Dinophyta auct., Dinophyceae Pascher, 1914)
              • Phylum 2. Apicomplexa Levine, 1970 emend.
                • Subphylum 1. Apicomonada subph. nov.
                  • Class 1. Apicomonadea cl. nov. (orders Perkinsida Levine, 1978; Colpodellida ord. nov. pro Spiromonadida Krylov & Mylnikov, 1986)
                • Subphylum 2. Gamontozoa subph. nov.
                  • Infraphylum 1. Sporozoa Leuckart, 1879 stat. nov.
                    • Superclass 1. Gregarinia Dufour, 1828 stat. nov.
                      • Class 1. Eogregarinea cl. nov.
                      • Class 2. Neogregarinea cl. nov.
                    • Superclass 2. Coccidia Leuckart, 1879 stat. nov.
                      • Class 1. Coelotrophea cl. nov.
                      • Class 2. Eucoccidea cl. nov.
                  • Infraphylum 2. Hematozoa Vivier, 1982 stat. nov.
                    • Class 1. Haemosporea Danilewsky, 1885 stat. nov. Sleigh, 1989
                    • Class 2. Piroplasmea Wenyon, 1926 stat. nov. Levine, 1971
            • Superphylum 2. Heterokaryota Hickson, 1903 stat. nov.
              • Phylum 3. Ciliophora Doflein, 1901 stat. nov. Copeland, 1956 emend. auct.

Cavalier-Smith (1998)

From A revised six-kingdom system of life, [22].

Empire or Superkingdom 2. Eukaryota

• Kingdom 1. Protozoa Goldfuss 1818 stat. nov. Owen 1858 em. [almost certainly paraphyletic]
  • Subkingdom 2. Neozoa Cavalier-Smith 1993 stat. nov. 1997 em. [almost certainly paraphyletic]
    • Infrakingdom 3. Alveolata Cavalier-Smith 1991 em.
      • Superphylum 1. Miozoa Cavalier-Smith 1987.
        • Phylum 1. Dinozoa Cavalier-Smith 1981 em.
          • Subphylum 1. Protalveolata Cavalier-Smith 1991 em. (e.g. Colponema, Ellobiopsis, Spironema, Hemimastix, Colpodella, Perkinsus) [probably paraphyletic]
          • Subphylum 2. Dinoflagellata Bütschli 1885 stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1991 (e.g. Noctiluca, Crypthecodinium, Amphidinium)
        • Phylum 2. Sporozoa Leuckart 1879 stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1981 (syns Telosporidia Schaudinn 1900; Euspora Levine 1961; Polannulifera Levine 1969; Apicomplexa Levine 1970 pro parte)
          • Subphylum 1. Gregarinae Haeckel 1866 stat. nov. (e.g. Monocystis)
          • Subphylum 2. Coccidiomorpha Doflein 1901
            • Superclass Coccidia Leuckart 1879 stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1993 (e.g. Sarcocystis, Toxoplasma, Eimeria)
            • Superclass Ascetospora Sprague 1979 stat. nov. (e.g. Haplosporidium, Paramyxa)
            • Superclass Hematozoa Vivier 1982 stat. nov. (e.g. Plasmodium, Babesia)
          • Subphylum 3. Manubrispora subphyl. nov.
            • Class Metchnikovellea Weiser 1977 emend. Cavalier-Smith 1993 to exclude Minisporea (e.g. Metchnikovella)
      • Superphylum 2. Heterokaryota Hickson 1903 stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1993.
        • Phylum Ciliophora Doflein 1901 stat. nov. Copeland 1956 em. auct.

Alimov et al. (2007)

Alimov, A. F. ed. (А. Ф. Алимов). 2007. Protista 2: Handbook on zoology. (Протисты 2: руководство по зоологии). St. Petersburg: Nauka, 2007, 1141 pp. (in Russian, with English summaries), [23]

Protists

• Alveolata Cavalier-Smith, 1991
  • Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901
  • Phylum Dinozoa
  • Phylum Sporozoa Leuckart, 1879
    • Class Colpodellea Kussakin, Drozdov, 1998
      • Order Colpodeliida Cavalier-Smith, 1993 (= Spiromonadida Krylov et Mylnikov, 1986)
    • Class Gregarinea Dufour, 1828 (= Gregarinae Haeckel, 1866; Gregarinomorpha, Grassé, 1953; Gregarinasina, Dufour, 1828 in Levine et al., 1980)
      • Order Schizogregarinida Léger, 1900
      • Order Eugregarinida Léger, 1900
      • Gregarinea incertae sedis
      • Order Blastogregarinida Chatton et Villeneuve, 1936
    • Class Coccidea Leuckart, 1879
      • Subclass Coccidia Leuckart, 1879 (= Coccidiomorpha Doflein, 1901; Coccidiasina Levine et al., 1980)
        • Order Agamococcidiida Levine, 1979 (= Agamococcidiorida Levine, 1979)
        • Order Ixorheida Levine, 1984
        • Order Protococcidiida Cheissin, 1956 (= Protococcidiorida Levine et al., 1980b)
        • Order Adeleida Léger, 1911 (= Adeleidea Léger, 1911; Adeleorina Levine et al., 1980b)
        • Order Eimeriida Léger, 1911
        • Order Haemosporida Danilewsky, 1885
      • Subclass Piroplasmia Levine, 1961
        • Order Piroplasmida Wenyon, 1926