Chromista
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Taxonavigation
[edit]Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Chromista
Subregna: Hacrobia – Harosa
(Synonymy): Cryptista
Overview of subtaxa
[edit]Phyla:
Bigyra –
Cercozoa –
Ciliophora –
Cryptophyta –
Foraminifera –
Haptophyta –
Heliozoa –
Myzozoa –
Ochrophyta –
Oomycota –
Radiozoa
Genera (incertae sedis):
Actinobotrys –
Acuturris –
Amaurolithus –
Blackites –
Chromera –
Coronaster –
Harpakter –
Pleuromastix –
Stichochrysis –
Sulcochrysis –
Trichothrauma
Genera (nomen dubium):
Algogrunowia –
Alphamonas –
Bodomonas –
Ephippium –
Striatococcus –
Pterodictyon
Name
[edit]Chromista Cavalier-Smith, 1981
Similar groups
[edit]References
[edit]- Cavalier-Smith, T. 1981. Eukaryote kingdoms: seven or nine? Biosystems 14(3–4): 461–481. DOI: 10.1016/0303-2647(81)90050-2. PMID 7337818. Reference page.
- Dick, M.W. 2001. The Straminipilous Fungi. Systematics of the Peronosporomycetes including accounts of the marine straminipilous protists, the Plasmodiophorids and similar organisms. Dordrecht-Boston-London: Kluwer Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-7923-6780-2 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-9733-3 Reference page.
- Bisby FA, Roskov YR, Orrell TM, Nicolson D, Paglinawan LE, Bailly N, Kirk PM, Bourgoin T, Baillargeon G., eds (2009). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2009 Annual Checklist. Digital resource at www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2009/. Species 2000: Reading, UK.
Links
[edit]Alternative classifications
[edit]Cavalier-Smith (1981)
[edit]- Cavalier-Smith, T. 1981. Eukaryote kingdoms: seven or nine? Biosystems 14(3–4): 461–481. DOI: 10.1016/0303-2647(81)90050-2. PMID 7337818. Reference page.
Nine eukaryote kingdoms proposal [p. 462]
- Superkingdom Eukaryota
- Kingdom 1. Eufungi
- Kingdom 2. Ciliofungi
- Kingdom 3. Animalia
- Kingdom 4. Biliphyta
- Kingdom 5. Viridiplantae
- Kingdom 6. Euglenozoa
- Kingdom 7. Protozoa
- Kingdom 8. Cryptophyta
- Kingdom 9. Chromophyta
Five eukaryote kingdoms proposal [p. 476-477]
- Superkingdom Eukaryota
- Kingdom 1. Fungi (Ciliofungi Eufungi)
- Kingdom 2. Chromista (Cryptophyta Chromophyta)
- Kingdom 3. Plantae (Viridiplantae Biliphyta)
- Kingdom 4. Protista (Euglenozoa Protozoa)
- Kingdom 5. Animalia
Seven eukaryote kingdoms proposal [p. 478]
- Superkingdom Eukaryota
- Kingdom Fungi
- Kingdom Viridiplantae
- Kingdom Biliphyta
- Kingdom Chromista
- Subkingdom Cryptophyta
- Phylum Cryptophyta
- Subkingdom Chromophyta
- Phylum Heterokonta
- Subphylum Chrysophytina
- Chrysophyceae (including Bicoecida and Silicoflagellida)
- Xanthophyceae
- Phaeophyceae
- Chloromonadophyceae (= Raphidiophyceae)
- Subphylum Phycomycotina (Oomycetes, Hyphochytridiomycetes, Thraustochytrids, Labyrinthulids)
- Subphylum Chrysophytina
- Phylum Bacillariophyta
- Phylum Eustigmatophyta
- Phylum Haptophyta
- Phylum Heterokonta
- Subkingdom Cryptophyta
- Kingdom Animalia
- Kingdom Euglenozoa
- Kingdom Protozoa
Cavalier-Smith (1986)
[edit]- Cavalier-Smith, T. 1986. The kingdom Chromista: origin and systematics. Progress in phycological research 4: 309–347. (Bristol: Biopress Ltd.) Reference page.
Kingdom Chromista
- Subkingdom Cryptophyta
- Phylum Cryptophyta
- Subkingdom Chromophyta
- Phylum Heterokonta
- Subphylum Ochrista
- Class Synuraceae
- Class Xanthophyceae
- Class Chrysophyceae
- Class Phaeophyceae
- Class Bicosoecea
- Class Eustigmatophyceae
- Subphylum Pseudofungi (= Heterkontimycotina)
- Superclass Pythiista
- Class Oomycetes
- Class Hyphochytrea
- Superclass Labyrinthista
- Class Labyrinthulea
- Order Thraustochytriales
- Order Labyrinthulales
- Class Labyrinthulea
- Superclass Pythiista
- Subphylum Ochrista
- Phylum Haptophyta
- Phylum Heterokonta
Cavalier-Smith (1989)
[edit]Cavalier-Smith. T. (1989). The Kingdom Chromista. In: J.C. Green et al. (eds). The Chromophyte Algae: Problems and Perspectives, pp. 381-407. (Actual year of publication, 1990). [1].
- Kingdom Chromista
- Subkingdom Cryptista
- Subkingdom Chromophyta
- Phylum Heterokonta
- Subphylum Ochrista
- Subphylum Bicoecia
- Subphylum Pseudofungi ("Not now a synonym for Heterokontimycotina Dick 1976.")
- Class Pythiistea
- Subphylum Labyrinthista Cavalier-Smith 1986. stat. nov.
- Class Labyrinthulea
- Phylum Haptomonada
- Subclass Prymnesidae
- Subclass Pavlovidae
- Phylum Heterokonta
Cavalier-Smith (1993)
[edit]- Cavalier-Smith, T. 1993. Kingdom Protozoa and its 18 phyla. Microbiological Reviews 57(4): 953–994. DOI: 10.1128/mr.57.4.953-994.1993
. PMID: 8302218
. Reference page.
In Empire Eukaryota
- Kingdom Chromista Cavalier-Smith, 1981 emend.
- Subkingdom Chlorarachnia
- Subkingdom Euchromista
- Infrakingdom Cryptista
- Infrakingdom Chromobiota
- Phylum Heterokonta
- Phylum Haptophyta
Cavalier-Smith (1998)
[edit]- Cavalier-Smith, T. 1998. A revised six-kingdom system of life. Biological Reviews 73(3): 203–266. DOI: 10.1017/s0006323198005167 PDF Free Reference page.
In Empire or Superkingdom Eukaryota
Kingdom Chromista Cavalier-Smith 1981 em.
- Subkingdom Cryptista
- Subkingdom Chromobiota
- Infrakingdom Heterokonta
- Infrakingdom Haptophyta
Doweld (2001)
[edit]- Doweld, A.B. 2001. Prosyllabus Tracheophytorum. Tentamen systematis plantarum vascularium (Tracheophyta) [Prosyllabus Tracheophytorum. Опыт системы сосудистых растений]. LXXX 110 pp. Moscow: Geos. ISBN 5-89118-283-1. Фундаментальная электронная библиотека «Флора и фауна» DJVU Google Books
Reference page.
Regnum Bacillariobiota Doweld, 2001 (= Chromobiota auctt., Chromista auctt.)
- Subregnum Labyrinthulobiotina Doweld, 2001
- Phylum Pseudodendrozoa Doweld, 2001
- Class Pseudodendratea Doweld, 2001
- Phylum Bicosoecomycota Cavalier-Smith, 1989
- Phylum Labyrinthulomycota L.S. Olive, 1982
- Phylum Pseudodendrozoa Doweld, 2001
- Subregnum Saprolegniobiotina Doweld, 2001
- Phylum Developayellomycota Doweld, 2001
- Phylum Saprolegniomycota Zerov ex Doweld, 2001
- Phylum Hyphochytriomycota Margulis ex Doweld, 2001
- Phylum Opalinomycota Doweld, 2001
- Subregnum Bacillariobiotina Doweld, 2001
- Phylum Bacillariophyta Engler, 1909 (= Diatomophyta Haeckel, 1866)
- Class Bacillariophyceae Haeckel, 1878
- Class Coscinodiscophyceae F.E. Round & R.M. Crawford, 1990
- Class Fragilariophyceae F.E. Round & R.M. Crawford, 1990
- Phylum Vaucheriophyta F. Maekawa, 1953
- Phylum Fucophyta Pax, 1904 (= Dictyotophyta Engler, 1903)
- Class Dictyotophyceae Engler, 1892
- Class Fucophyceae Warming, 1884
- Phylum Eustigmatophyta D.J. Hibberd, 1981
- Phylum Synurophyta Doweld, 2001
- Phylum Chrysomonadophyta Pascher, 1931
- Class Chrysomonadophyceae Schoenichen, 1925
- Class Phaeothamniophyceae R.A. Anderson & J.C. Bailey, 1998
- Phylum Raphidomonadophyta Doweld, 2001
- Phylum Dictyochophyta Corliss ex Doweld, 2001
- Phylum Pedinellophyta Moehn ex Doweld, 2001
- Class Pelagophyceae R.A. Anderson & Sanders, 1993
- Class Pedinellophyceae Moehn ex Doweld, 2001
- Class Actinophryphyceae Starobogatov, 1980
- Phylum Bacillariophyta Engler, 1909 (= Diatomophyta Haeckel, 1866)
- Subregnum Acanthocystobiotina Doweld, 2001
- Phylum Acanthocystozoa Doweld, 2001
- Class Gymnophryatea Mikrjukov & Mylnikov, 1998
- Class Acanthocystatea Doweld, 2001
- Phylum Acanthometrozoa Doweld, 2001
- Class Acanthometratea Doweld, 2001
- Phylum Acanthocystozoa Doweld, 2001
- Subregnum Prymnesiobiotina Doweld, 2001
- Phylum Prymnesiophyta D.J. Hibberd ex Doweld, 2001
- Class Pavlovophyceae J.C. Green & Medlin, 2000
- Class Prymnesiophyceae D.J. Hibberd, 1976 (= Coccolithophorophyceae Lemmermann, 1903)
- Phylum Prymnesiophyta D.J. Hibberd ex Doweld, 2001
Hausmann et al. (2003)
[edit]From Hausmann, K., N. Hulsmann, R. Radek. Protistology. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchshandlung, Stuttgart, 2003.
Empire Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 (= Eukarya)
- Phylum Chromista Cavalier-Smith, 1987
- Subphylum Prymnesiomonada Hibberd, 1976 (Haptomonada, Haptophyta)
- Subphylum Cryptomonada Senn, 1900
- Subphylum Heterokonta Luther, 1899
- Class Proteromonadea Grassé, 1952
- Class Opalinea Wenyon, 1926
- Class Chrysomonadea Engler, 1898
- Order Chrysomonadida Pascher, 1912
- Order Pedinellida Pascher, 1910
- Order Silicoflagellida Borgert, 1891 (Dictyochales)
- Class Bacillariophyceae Haeckel, 1878 (Diatomeae)
- Class Heteromonadea Leedale, 1983 (Xanthophyceae)
- Class Eustigmatophyceae Hibberd & Leedale, 1971
- Class Labyrinthulea Cienkowski, 1867 (Labyrinthulomycota)
- Class Raphidomonadea Heywood & Leedale, 1983 (Chloromonadea)
- Class Bicosoecidea Grassé & Deflandre, 1952
- Class Hyphochytriomycetes Patterson, 1982
- Class Oomycetes Dick, 1976
Cavalier-Smith (2010)
[edit]Cavalier-Smith, T. (2010). Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree. Biol. Lett. 6 (3): 342–5, [2].
Ruggiero et al. (2015)
[edit]- Ruggiero, M.A., Gordon, D.P., Orrell, T.M., Bailly, N., Bourgoin, T., Brusca, R.C., Cavalier-Smith, T., Guiry, M.D. & Kirk, P.M. 2015. A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0119248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119248
. [Correction in 10(6): e0130114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130114
.] Reference page.
- Superkingdom Eukaryota
- Kingdom Chromista
- Subkingdom Hacrobia
- Phylum N.N.
- Phylum Cryptista
- Phylum Haptophyta
- Phylum Heliozoa
- Subkingdom Harosa [= "Supergroup SAR"]
- Infrakingdom Halvaria
- Superphylum Alveolata
- Phylum Ciliophora
- Phylum Miozoa
- Subphylum Myzozoa
- Infraphylum Apicomplexa
- Infraphylum Dinozoa
- Subphylum Protalveolata
- Subphylum Myzozoa
- Superphylum Heterokonta [= "Supergroup Stramenopiles"]
- Superphylum Alveolata
- Infrakingdom Rhizaria
- Infrakingdom Halvaria
- Subkingdom Hacrobia
- Kingdom Chromista
Cavalier-Smith et al. (2015)
[edit]- Cavalier-Smith, T., Chao, E.E. & Lewis, R. 2015. Multiple origins of Heliozoa from flagellate ancestors: New cryptist subphylum Corbihelia, superclass Corbistoma, and monophyly of Haptista, Cryptista, Hacrobia and Chromista. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 93: 331–362. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.07.004
Reference page.
Kingdom Chromista Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Subkingdom 1. Hacrobia Okamoto et al. ex Cavalier-Smith, 2010 and Cavalier-Smith, 2010
- Phylum 1. Haptista Cavalier-Smith phyl. n. (originally infrakingdom)
- Subphylum 1. Haptophytina Cavalier-Smith subphyl. n. (compositionally identical to phylum Haptophyta Hibberd ex Cavalier-Smith, 1986
- Class 1. Coccolithophyceae Casper, 1972 ex Rothmaler, 1951 (=Prymnesiophyceae Hibberd em. Cavalier-Smith et al., 1996a and Cavalier-Smith et al., 1996b) (e.g. Emiliania, Isochrysis, Prymnesium)
- Class 2. Pavlovophyceae Cavalier-Smith, 1986 (e.g. Diacronema, Pavlova)
- Class 3. Rappephyceae Cavalier-Smith cl. n. (Diagnosis: rappemonads: plastid-bearing sisters of Coccolithophyceae plus Pavlovophyceae)
- Subphylum 2. Heliozoa Cavalier-Smith subphyl. n.
- Class Centrohelea Kühn, 1926 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1993 (e.g. Oxnerella, Polyplacocystis, Acanthocystis, Raphidiophrys) (= unranked Centroheliozoa: Dürrschmidt and Patterson, 1987a and Dürrschmidt and Patterson, 1987b)
- Subphylum 1. Haptophytina Cavalier-Smith subphyl. n. (compositionally identical to phylum Haptophyta Hibberd ex Cavalier-Smith, 1986
- Phylum 2. Cryptista Cavalier-Smith, 1989 em.
- Subphylum 1. Rollomonadia Cavalier-Smith (2013)
- Superclass 1. Cryptomonada Cavalier-Smith, 2004 (as subphylum) stat. n.
- Class 1. Cryptophyceae Fritsch in West and Fritsch, 1927 (e.g. Guillardia)
- Class 2. Goniomonadea Cavalier-Smith, 1993 (Goniomonas)
- Superclass 2. Leucocrypta Cavalier-Smith supercl. n. (Diagnosis: as for subphylum Leucocrypta and class Leucocryptea in Cavalier-Smith (2004) p. 77)
- Class Leucocryptea Cavalier-Smith, 2004
- Order Kathablepharida Cavalier-Smith, 1993 (e.g. Kathablepharis, Roombia)
- Class Leucocryptea Cavalier-Smith, 2004
- Superclass 1. Cryptomonada Cavalier-Smith, 2004 (as subphylum) stat. n.
- Subphylum 2. Palpitia Cavalier-Smith in Cavalier-Smith and Chao, 2012
- Class Palpitea Cavalier-Smith in Cavalier-Smith and Chao, 2012 (Palpitomonas)
- Subphylum 3. Corbihelia Cavalier-Smith subphyl. n.
- Superclass 1. Endohelia Cavalier-Smith supercl. n.
- Class Endohelea Cavalier-Smith in Yabuki et al., 2012
- Order 1. Microhelida Cavalier-Smith in Yabuki et al., 2012 (Microheliella)
- Order 2. Heliomonadida Cavalier-Smith, 1993 em. 2012 (Heliomorpha)
- Class Endohelea Cavalier-Smith in Yabuki et al., 2012
- Superclass 2. Corbistoma Cavalier-Smith supercl. n.
- Class 1. Picomonadea Seenivasan et al., 2013
- Order Picomonadida Seenivasan et al., 2013 (Picomonas)
- Class 2. Telonemea Cavalier-Smith, 1993
- Order Telonemida Cavalier-Smith, 1993 (Telonema, Lateronema)
- Class 1. Picomonadea Seenivasan et al., 2013
- Superclass 1. Endohelia Cavalier-Smith supercl. n.
- Subphylum 1. Rollomonadia Cavalier-Smith (2013)
- Phylum 1. Haptista Cavalier-Smith phyl. n. (originally infrakingdom)
- Subkingdom 2. Harosa Cavalier-Smith, 2010a and Cavalier-Smith, 2010b
- Infrakingdom 1. Halvaria Cavalier-Smith, 2010a and Cavalier-Smith, 2010b
- Superphylum 1. Heterokonta Cavalier-Smith, 1981 (=stramenopiles)
- Phyla Ochrophyta, Pseudofungi, Bigyra
- Superphylum 2. Alveolata Cavalier-Smith, 1991 stat. n. 2013
- Phyla Miozoa (Subphyla Protalveolata and Myzozoa (infraphyla Dinozoa and Apicomplexa)) and Ciliophora
- Superphylum 1. Heterokonta Cavalier-Smith, 1981 (=stramenopiles)
- Infrakingdom 2. Rhizaria Cavalier-Smith, 2002a and Cavalier-Smith, 2002b
- Infrakingdom 1. Halvaria Cavalier-Smith, 2010a and Cavalier-Smith, 2010b