Acantharea
Taxonavigation
[edit]Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Diaphoretickes
Cladus: Tsar
Cladus: Sar
Infraregnum: Rhizaria
Clade: Retaria
Phylum: Radiozoa
Classis: Acantharea
Ordines:
Acanthonida –
Arthracanthida –
Chaunacanthida –
Holacanthida –
Symphyacanthida
Familia (incertae sedis): Astrolophidae –
Genera (incertae sedis): Acantholonche –
Astrocapsa –
Belonaspis –
Belonostaurus –
Cannopcapsa –
Cenocapsa –
Ceriaspis –
Cribrosphaera –
Cruciforma –
Diplocolpus –
Diporaspis –
Dodecaspis –
Doracantha –
Echinaspis –
Globispinum –
Hexacolpus –
Hexonaspis –
Hylaspis –
Litholophus –
Octopelta –
Orophaspis –
Pantopelta –
Phatnaspis –
Phractacantha –
Phractaspis –
Porocaspa –
Quadrilonche –
Rosetta –
Sphaerocapsa –
Stegaspis –
Stellacantha –
Tessarapelma –
Tessaraspis –
Thoracaspis –
Trizona –
Xiphoptera –
Zonaspsis –
Zygacantha –
Zygolonche
Name
[edit]Acantharea Levine et al., 1980 [?]
Synonyms
[edit]- Acantharia Haeckel, 1881, emend. Mikrjukov, 2000 [sic!]
- Acantharina Campbell, 1954
Homonym:
References
[edit]- Bernstein, R., Kling, S.A., Boltovskoy, D. (1999). Acantharia. In: South Atlantic Zooplankton (D. Boltovskoy, ed.), Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, pp. 75-147, [1].
- Cavalier-Smith, T. (2003). Protist phylogeny and the high-level classification of Protozoa, Europ. J. Protistol. 39: 338–348.
- Decelle, J. About the Acantharia, [2].
- Korsun, S. (2012). Acantharia, Phaeodaria, Taxopodida. Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Saint-Petersburg State University, [3].
- Decelle J. et al. 2012. Molecular Phylogeny and Morphological Evolution of the Acantharia (Radiolaria) PDF
- Protist classification at micro*scope (CC)
- Acantharea in the World Register of Marine Species
Alternative classifications
[edit]Schewiakoff (1926)
[edit]Schewiakoff, W. (1926). Die Acantharien des Golfes von Neapel. Fauna Flora Golfes Neapel 37:1–755, [4].
Campbell (1954)
[edit]Campbell, A. S. Radiolaria. In: Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part D Protista 3 (Chiefly Radiolarians And Tintinnines), 1954, [5].
- Subphylum Sarcodina
- Class Actinopoda Calkins, 1909
- Subclass Radiolaria Müller, 1858
- Order Porulosida Haeckel, 1887
- Suborder Acantharina Haeckel, 1862
- Division Astrolophi Campbell, nov
- Superfamily Astrolophicae Haeckel, 1882
- Superfamily Actinastricae Popofsky, 1904
- Superfamily Astrolonchicae Haeckel, 1882
- Division Acanthophracti Hertwig, 1879
- Superfamily Dorataspidicae Haeckel, 1862
- Superfamily Belonaspidicae Haeckel, 1887
- Division Astrolophi Campbell, nov
- Suborder Acantharina Haeckel, 1862
- Order Porulosida Haeckel, 1887
- Subclass Radiolaria Müller, 1858
- Class Actinopoda Calkins, 1909
Honigberg et al. (1964)
[edit]In Classis Actinopodea
Subclass Acantharia
- Ordo Acanthometrida
- Ordo Acanthophractida
John O. Corliss (1984)
[edit]From The kingdom Protista and its 45 phyla
In Regnum Protista, Assemblage "Actinopods"
Phylum Acantharia Haeckel, 1876
Febvre in Margulis et al. (1990)
[edit]Febvre, J., 1990. 20c. Phylum Actinopoda, Class Acantharia. In: Margulis, L., J.O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, D.J. Chapman (ed.). Handbook of Protoctista. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston, p. 363-379. See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), [6].
Kingdom Protoctista
- Section III: Phyla with flagellated stages, but without complex sexual cycles
- Phylum 20. Actinopoda
- Class Polycystina
- Class Phaeodaria
- Class Heliozoa
- Class Acantharia
- Phylum 20. Actinopoda
Cavalier-Smith (1993)
[edit]From Regnum Protozoa and its 18 phyla
In Phylum Radiozoa, Subphylum Spasmaria
Classis Acantharea Haeckel, 1881 stat. nov.
- Subclass Holacanthia
- Subclass Euacanthia
David J. Patterson (1999)
[edit]From The Diversity of Eukaryotes
In Eukaryotes
Clade Acantharea
Febvre-Chevalier, Febvre & Michaels, in Lee et al. (2000)
[edit]Febvre-Chevalier, C., Febvre, J. & Michaels, A. 2000. Acantharia Haeckel, 1881. In: Lee, J.J., Leedale, G.F. & Bradbury, P. An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa. Society of Protozoologists/Allen Press: Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A, 2nd ed., vol. 2, p. 783-803, [7]. See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), [8].
In “protozoa”, “amoeboid protists”
- Class Acantharea (= Acantharia Haeckel)
- Order Holacanthida Schewiakoff, 1926
- Family Acanthochiasmidae Haeckel, 1862
- Genus Acanthochiasma Krohn, in Haeckel, 1861
- Family Acanthoplegmidae Schewiakoff, 1926
- Genus Acanthoplegma
- Family Acanthocollidae Schewiakoff, 1926
- Genus Acanthospira
- Genus Acanthocyrtha
- Genus Acanthocolla Schewiakoff, 1926
- Family Acanthochiasmidae Haeckel, 1862
- Order Symphyacanthida Schewiakoff, 1926
- Family Amphilithidae Haeckel, 1887
- Genus Amphilithium Haeckel, 1881
- Genus Amphibelone Haeckel, 1862
- Family Astrolithidae Haeckel, 1887
- Genus Heliolithium Schewiakoff, 1926
- Genus Acantholithium Haeckel, 1887
- Genus Astrolithium Haeckel, 1861
- Genus Astrolonche Haeckel, 1881
- Family Pseudolithidae Schewiakoff, 1926
- Genus Pseudolithium Schewiakoff, 1926
- Genus Dicranophora Schewiakoff, 1926
- Genus Haliommatidium Müller, 1858
- Family Amphilithidae Haeckel, 1887
- Order Chaunacanthida Schewiakoff, 1926
- Family Stauraconidae Schewiakoff, 1926
- Family Conaconidae Schewiakoff, 1926
- Genus Conacon Schewiakoff, 1926
- Family Gigartaconidae Schewiakoff, 1926
- Genus Gigartacon Schewiakoff, 1926
- Order Arthracanthida Schewiakoff, 1926
- Suborder Sphaenacantha Schewiakoff, 1926
- Family Acanthometridae Haeckel, 1887
- Genus Acanthometra J. Müller, 1855
- Genus Amphilonche Haeckel, 1860
- Genus Tetralonche Schewiakoff, 1926
- Family Dorataspidae Haeckel, 1887
- Genus Pleuraspis Haeckel, 1887
- Genus Stauraspis Haeckel, 1881
- Genus Lychnaspis Haeckel, 1881
- Genus Icosaspis Haeckel, 1881
- Genus Dorataspis Haeckel, 1861
- Genus Coscinaspis Haeckel, 1887
- Genus Craniaspis Haeckel, 1887
- Genus Siphonaspis
- Genus Aconthaspis
- Genus Hystrichaspis Haeckel, 1887
- Genus Dictyaspis Haeckel, 1887
- Family Phractopeltidae Haeckel, 1887
- Genus Phractopelta Haeckel, 1887
- Family Diploconidae Haeckel, 1887
- Genus Diploconus Haeckel, 1860
- Family Lithopteridae Haeckel, 1887
- Genus Lithoptera Müller, 1858
- Family Hexalaspidae Haeckel, 1887
- Genus Coleaspis Haeckel, 1881
- Genus Hexalaspis
- Genus Hexaconus Haeckel, 1885
- Family Acanthometridae Haeckel, 1887
- Suborder Phyllacantha Schewiakoff, 1926
- Family Phyllostauridae Schewiakoff, 1926
- Genus Phyllostaurus Haeckel, 1862
- Genus Amphistaurus Schewiakoff, 1926
- Genus Acanthostaurus Haeckel, 1862
- Genus Lonchostaurus Haeckel, 1862
- Genus Zygostaurus Haeckel, 1887
- Family Stauracanthidae Schewiakoff, 1926
- Genus Phatnacantha Haeckel, 1882[1881]
- Genus Stauracantha Haeckel, 1881
- Genus Xiphacantha Haeckel, 1887
- Genus Pristacantha Haeckel, 1887
- Family Dictyacanthidae Schewiakoff, 1926
- Genus Dictyacantha Schewiakoff, 1926
- Family Phyllostauridae Schewiakoff, 1926
- Suborder Sphaenacantha Schewiakoff, 1926
- Order Holacanthida Schewiakoff, 1926
Adl et al. (2012)
[edit]- Adl, S.M., Simpson, A.G.B., Lane, C.E., Lukeš, J., Bass, D., Bowser, S.S., Brown, M.W., Burki, F., Dunthorn, M., Hampl, V., Heiss, A., Hoppenrath, M., Lara, E., Le Gall, L., Lynn, D.H., McManus, H., Mitchell, E.A.D., Mozley-Stanridge, S.E., Parfrey, L.W., Pawlowski, J., Rueckert, S., Shadwick, L., Schoch, C.L., Smirnow, A. & Spiegel, F.W. 2012. The revised classification of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59(5): 429–514. DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x . [Erratum: 60(3): 321. DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12033 .] Reference page.
Eukaryota Chatton, 1925
- Sar Burki et al. 2007
- Rhizaria Cavalier-Smith 2002
- Retaria Cavalier-Smith 2002
- Acantharia Haeckel 1881, emend. Mikrjukov 2000
- Chaunocanthida Schewiakoff 1926
- Holocanthida Schewiakoff 1926
- Symphyacanthida Schewiakoff 1926
- Arthracanthida Schewiakoff 1926
- Acantharia Haeckel 1881, emend. Mikrjukov 2000
- Retaria Cavalier-Smith 2002
- Rhizaria Cavalier-Smith 2002