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The Trump administration family separation policy was the policy of separating children from parents who crossed the United States border illegally in 2017 and 2018. The children and parents were put in separate facilities under the care of the Department of Health and Human Services. The goal of the policy was to prevent illegal immigration by making parents not want to cross the border with children. Some families legally applying for asylum were also separated.[1][2] The adults were often held in jails or forced to leave the United States. Some children spent three weeks or more in crowded facilities, where they had little food, no clean clothes or baths and no adult caretakers; girls as young as ten were taking care of younger children.[3][4][5]

Family separations began in the summer of 2017 in Arizona and Texas.[6] The policy was expanded to all of the US–Mexico border in 2018. Family separation continued for at least eighteen months after the policy's official end, with about 1,100 families separated between June 2018 and the end of 2019.[7] In total, more than 5,500 children were separated from their families.[8][9][10]

At first, the Trump administration did not make plans to give the children back to their parents.[11][12] Scott Lloyd, director of the Office of Refugee Resettlement, told the people working for him not to keep a list of children who had been separated from their parents.[13] Matthew Albence, head of enforcement and removal operations for Immigration and Customs Enforcement, told the people he worked with that they should prevent children from being given back to their parents.[13] On June 20, 2018, Donald Trump signed an executive order ending family separations at the border. On June 26, 2018, US District Judge Dana Sabraw ordered all children to be given back to their parents in thirty days.[14][15] In 2019, NBC News reported that the Trump administration had said that they would give back thousands of children to their parents, but they only gave back sixty children to their parents.[16] The administration did not give any money to help children go back to their parents, so volunteer organizations gave money.[17][18][19] The policy was ended in 2018 but many families were still separated in 2024. Up to 2,000 children are still separated from their parents.[20][21]

History

[change | change source]

Previous U.S. policy

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Before the Trump administration, the United States did not usually separate migrant parents from their children.[22][23][22][24]

After the 2014 American immigration crisis, president Barack Obama asked officials to make new immigration policies.[25] A policy to separate families was first proposed by ICE official Thomas Homan in 2014,[13] but his idea was rejected.[25][13]

In 2016, the Obama administration made new rules that took into account the interests of parents and focused on detaining immigrants who had earlier committed crimes in the United States.[26][27] Children were kept in cells, separated by age and gender, while places were found for them to stay.[28][29] Supporters of Donald Trump would later claim that his family separation policy was like policies under the Obama administration, but many people disagree with that idea.[27][30]

Trump administration

[change | change source]
Thomas Homan

While running for president in 2016, Donald Trump said he would end "catch and release" .[31][32] After becoming President in January 2017, Trump replaced Daniel Ragsdale as director of ICE and with Thomas Homan, who said it was a good idea to separate children from their families to prevent people from wanting to illegally immigrate .[13] Trump's adviser Stephen Miller also said it was a good idea to separate families.

.[33][34][25][35][36] [37]

Trump's Advisor Stephen Miller

Initial proposals

[change | change source]

Two weeks after Trump was inaugurated as president on January 20, 2017, the administration thought about the idea of separating immigrant children from their mothers.[38][39] In March 2017, it was first reported that the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) was considering a proposal to separate parents from their children.[38][40]


After April 5, 2017, Attorney General Jeff Sessions ordered an escalation of federal prosecutions. Parents were being charged with crimes and jailed while their children were taken away and placed under DHS care. Within five months, hundreds of children were separated from their parents.[41] In late April 2018, about 700 migrant children, more than 100 of them under the age of 4, had been taken from their parents since October 2017. At that time Department of Homeland Security officials said they did not split families to prevent immigration but to "protect the best interests of minor children crossing our borders". In June the Trump administration ended the Family Case Management Program, which kept asylum-seeking mothers and their children out of detention.[42]

DHS programs in Yuma and El Paso (2017)

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Beginning in May 2017, the Trump administration told U.S. Border Patrol agents in the Yuma, Arizona area to start prosecuting first-time border crossers and separating migrant parents from their children, including children as young as ten months old.[43] From July 1 to December 31, 2017, 234 families were separated in the Yuma area.[43] An additional, unknown number of families were likely separated in May and June 2017.[43] These family separations were not publicly reported at the time.[43] Some families separated by U.S. officials in the Yuma area remained apart from their children in 2021, four years later, and some separated family members were deported and could not be found.[43]

A separate family-separation program was run in the El Paso, Texas, Border Patrol area.[43] From May to October 2017, families were separated, including families that were seeking asylum, and children were brought to shelters with no system created to bring them back to their parents.[43]

According to an April 2018 memo seen by The Washington Post, the government saw the El Paso test as successful [44] Then ICE, CBP, and CIS started the zero-tolerance program across all of the Southwest border in April.

Administration issues "zero-tolerance" policy

[change | change source]
Jeff Sessions

On April 6, 2018, Attorney General Jeff Sessions told officials to have a "zero-tolerance policy" and prosecute every person who tried to cross the border illegally. This was a change from in the past, when people were usually not prosecuted unless they tried to cross the border illegally two or more times.

[45][46]

Families trying to cross the border illegally were separated and immigrant families who were trying to enter the United States as asylum seekers were also being separated.[47][48][2]

"[1] ."[49]

Protest against child detention outside Border Patrol facility in Clint Texas on June 27, 2019

Many Americans did not like the policy. [50][50][51]Many protest demonstrations were held, attracting thousands including, Democratic members of Congress[52] The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights asked the Trump administration to change the policy[53][54] and human rights activists criticized the policy.[55]

Zero-tolerance policy reversed

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On June 20, 2018, Donald Trump signed an executive order to end the family separation policy.[56][57][58]

Continued separations

[change | change source]

On April 9, 2019.[59] Donald Trump said "President Obama had child separation. Take a look—the press knows it, you know it, we all know it. I'm the one that stopped it." The Obama separation policy was used only to keep a child safe or when the adult was a found to be a criminal.[60][61]

Places where people were held

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Migrant families were held in a crowded facility in Weslaco, Texas in June 2019.[62]

ICE facilities

[change | change source]

In June 2019, a group of people visited a Border Patrol center in Clint, Texas. The facility had 250 children including a 1-year-old, two 2-year-olds, a 3-year-old and "dozens more under 12". They said that "kids are taking care of kids, and there's inadequate food, water and sanitation". They reported that the children weren't sleeping in beds but on the concrete floor with only foil blankets. Soap and toothbrushes were not given to them. The children were given only instant oatmeal, a cookie and sweetened drink for breakfast, instant noodles for lunch, and a heated frozen burrito and a cookie for dinner. They said they had not had clean clothing or a bath for weeks. There were no adults taking care of them, ten and fourteen year old girls were taking care of the younger ones. A 14-year-old girl from Guatemala who had been holding two little girls in her lap told them, "I need comfort, too. I am bigger than they are, but I am a child, too."[63][3][4][5]

On July 1, 2019, people from the U.S. Congress visited migrant detention centers in Texas. They said the people there were not allowed to take showers[64] They said that fifteen women in their 50s and 60s were sleeping in a small concrete room with no running water and weeks without showers. They had all been separated from their families. Representative Lori Trahan said she saw women "sobbing in a crowded cell because they were separated from their kids". Others said that the Border Patrol had told women to drink out of a toilet for water.[65][66][67] They said that between 15 and 20 mothers were held for more than fifty days, some separated from their children.[68]

Between January 2017 and April 2020, 39 adults died in ICE facilities or after being released.[69]

HHS facilities

[change | change source]

In 2019, people who worked for the Trump Administration said that separated children were afraid and felt that they were left alone by their parents. Some children cried a lot and could not stop crying, even when other people tried to comfort them.[70]

DOJ-OIG Report (2021/01/14)

Process

[change | change source]

Some people helping the immigrants said that Border Patrol agents lied to the parents to get them to let go of their kids, telling them that the children were being taken to ask them questions or for a bath. They also would take children when the parent was away in jail. [71]

After being taken from their parents, the children were given to other families in many parts of the the United States. Fifty children were given to families in Michigan, including babies who were 8 and 11 months old. [72]

Some parents were taken by bus to court and when they got back they found that their children were gone.[73][74]

In June 2018, a person from the U.S. Congress said more than half of the 174 women at one facility were mothers who had been separated from their children, some as young as twelve months old, and many did not know where their children were. She said that none of them had been allowed to say goodbye or explain to them what was happening.[75]

Detention of children

[change | change source]

In October 2020, The New York Times reported that more than 5,500 children in total had been separated from their parents at the U.S. border under the Trump administration.[19]

ProPublica audio tape

[change | change source]
ProPublica recording of crying children separated from their families

On June 18, 2018, ProPublica posted a recording of crying children begging for their parents just after being separated from them.[76]

The tape was made on June 17 when human rights advocates and journalists toured an old warehouse where hundreds of children were being kept in wire cages. The Associated Press reported that the children had no books or toys, overhead lighting was kept on around the clock, and the children were sleeping under foil sheets. There was no adult supervision and the older children were changing the diapers of the toddlers.[77] Most of the tape consists of children crying and wailing for their parents, but a six-year-old girl is heard to repeatedly beg that her aunt be called, who she is certain will come and pick her up. She had memorized her aunt's phone number.[78]

ProPublica followed the child and her mother and reported that in August they were brought back together. [79]

Facilities involved

[change | change source]
Central Processing Center in McAllen, TX"—video from U.S. Customs and Border Protection

The Ursula detention facility, Customs and Border Protection, in McAllen, Texas—On June 17, 2018, the facility held 1,129 people, including 528 families and nearly 200 children without parents. The facility has been called "the dog kennel" because a wire fence was used to separate people, including children separated from their parents. The caged areas had no toys or books for the children. [80]

Detention of parents

[change | change source]
  • Port Isabel Detention Center, operated by Immigration and Customs Enforcement, in Los Fresnos, Texas held parents. Several members of Congress met with ten women who were separated from their children. Some of them did not know where their children were. One women said that she was told that her child would be put up for adoption. Rhode Island Representative David Cicilline said the women were uncontrollably crying.[80]
Children without parents walk in a Homestead, Florida, facility supervised by the Office of Refugee Resettlement, on June 20, 2018
  • Estrella del Norte, in Tucson, Arizona housed 287 children in June 2018. A former worker said they were told not to allow brothers and sisters to hug each other and siad it was like a prison.[81]
  • Three facilities in Combes, Raymondville and Brownsville (Casa El President, operated by Southwest Key), in southern Texas, were set up to hold children under five years old. They had "play rooms" filled with crying children.[82][83]
  • Upbring New Hope Children's Shelter in McAllen, Texas. About sixty children were held in this facility. When the children got there, the people working there took away everything thie children had, and the workers were not allowed to comfort or touch the children. [84][85]

Reunification

[change | change source]

The Trump Administration began to try to bring the parents and children back together again in June 2018. [13]

A paper from the Department of Homeland Security in 2018 for parents who were separated from their children.

On June 26, 2018, Dana Sabraw, a judge said that all separated children under five years old must be given back to their parents in two weeks, and all other children must be given back in thirty days.[86][87]

in January 2021, President Biden ordered that parents who were deported while separated from their children could return to the United States to be with their children.[21] More than 1,400 parents had been deported without their children.[21]


  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Transcript: Sen. Susan Collins on 'Face the Nation'". Face the Nation. CBS News. June 17, 2018. Archived from the original on October 3, 2019. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Everett, Burgess (June 17, 2018). "GOP senators demand details from Trump administration about separated families". Politico. Archived from the original on February 10, 2019. ... 'a number of media outlets have reported instances where parents and children seeking asylum at a port of entry have been separated,' the two senators wrote. 'These accounts and others like them concern us.' Flake and Collins cited a Washington Post story about a Honduran woman seeking asylum being separated from her child in Texas and a case in California in which a Congolese woman was separated from her daughter for months.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Attanasio, Cedar; Burke, Garance; Mendoza, Martha (June 21, 2019). "Attorneys: Texas border facility is neglecting migrant kids". Associated Press. Archived from the original on October 26, 2019. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Are US child migrant detainees entitled to soap and beds?". BBC News. June 20, 2019. Archived from the original on June 27, 2019. Retrieved June 23, 2019.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Chotiner, Isaac (June 22, 2019). "Inside a Texas Building Where the Government Is Holding Immigrant Children". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on June 23, 2019. Retrieved June 23, 2019.
  6. ↑ Timmons, Patrick (2019-01-17). "Audit finds thousands more migrant kids were separated from families". United Press International. Archived from the original on January 18, 2019. Retrieved 2019-01-17.
  7. ↑ "Looking At Lasting Effects Of Trump's Family Separation Policy At The Southern Border". NPR. Archived from the original on October 13, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2020.
  8. ↑ Shapiro, Ari; Hodges, Lauren; Intagliata, Christopher (August 9, 2022). "Investigation reveals how government bureaucracy failed to stop family separations". NPR. Archived from the original on August 14, 2022. Retrieved August 14, 2022.
  9. ↑ Narea, Nicole (October 25, 2019). "The Trump administration just admitted that it separated an additional 1,500 immigrant families". Vox. Archived from the original on October 26, 2019. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  10. ↑ "Family separation under the Trump administration—a timeline". Southern Poverty Law Center. Archived from the original on October 6, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
  11. ↑ Goodwin, Liz (June 10, 2018). "'Children are being used as a tool' in Trump's effort to stop border crossings". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on January 18, 2019. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
  12. ↑ Kopan, Tal (June 29, 2018). "Government never had specific plan to reunify families, court testimony shows". CNN. Archived from the original on March 6, 2019.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 Dickerson, Caitlin (August 7, 2022). ""We need to take away children.": The secret history of the U.S. government's family-separation policy". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on September 25, 2024. Retrieved May 12, 2023.
  14. ↑ Shear, Michael D.; Davis, Julie Hirschfeld; Kaplan, Thomas; Pear, Robert (June 26, 2018). "Federal Judge in California Halts Splitting of Migrant Families at Border". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 27, 2018.
  15. ↑ "Order Granting Plaintiffs' Motion for Classwide Preliminary Injunction], Ms. L., et al. v. U.S. immigration & Customs Enforcement, et al., Case No. 18-cv-0428 (S.D. Cal. June 26, 2018)". Politico. Archived from the original on July 25, 2020. Retrieved June 27, 2018.
  16. ↑ Soboroff, Jacob. "Emails show Trump admin had 'no way to link' separated migrant children to parents". NBC News. Archived from the original on May 8, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
  17. ↑ "Why hundreds of migrant children remain separated from their parents". PBS NewsHour. October 21, 2020. Archived from the original on October 22, 2020. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
  18. ↑ Ainsley, Julia; Soboroff, Jacob. "Lawyers: We can't find parents of 545 kids separated by Trump administration". NBC News. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Dickerson, Caitlin (21 October 2020). "Parents of 545 Children Separated at the Border Cannot Be Found". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
  20. ↑ Soboroff, Jacob; Ainsley, Julia. "Lawyers say they can't find the parents of 545 migrant children separated by Trump administration". NBC News. Archived from the original on November 10, 2020. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 French, Piper (2024-02-27). "Will the Families Separated by Trump Ever Be Reunited?". Intelligencer. Archived from the original on September 25, 2024. Retrieved 2024-03-02.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Robertson, Lori (June 20, 2018). "Did the Obama Administration Separate Families?". FactCheck.org. Archived from the original on August 29, 2020. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
  23. ↑ Tareen, Sophie (June 28, 2019). "AP Explains: The law criminalizing improper border crossings". Associated Press. Archived from the original on July 28, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
  24. ↑ MacGuill, Dan (June 29, 2018). "Did President Obama Oversee the Separation of 89,000 Children from Their Parents?". Archived from the original on November 1, 2021. Retrieved October 29, 2021. immigration experts and former Homeland Security officials agree that the rate of child separation under Obama is likely nowhere close to what has been seen under Trump. Criminal prosecution for improperly crossing into the United States was the exception under the Obama administration.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Davis, Julie Hirschfeld; Shear, Michael D. (June 16, 2018). "How Trump Came to Enforce a Practice of Separating Migrant Families". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 18, 2018. Retrieved June 19, 2018. exceptions were generally made for adults who were traveling with minor children
  26. ↑ Jacobs, Emma (December 8, 2017). "When Immigration Detention Means Losing Your Kids". Morning Edition. NPR. Archived from the original on June 19, 2018. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Kruzel, John (June 19, 2018). "No, Donald Trump's separation of immigrant families was not Barack Obama's policy". PolitiFact. Archived from the original on April 11, 2021. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
  28. ↑ Abedi, Maham (29 May 2018). "Photos of immigrant children sleeping in cages in U.S. go viral—but they're from 2014". Global News. Archived from the original on January 12, 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2019. In this June 18, 2014 file photo, two female detainees sleep in a holding cell, as the children are separated by age group and gender, as hundreds of mostly Central American immigrant children are being processed and held at the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Nogales Placement Center in Nogales, Ariz.
  29. ↑ Michael Kiefer (9 December 2016). "First peek: Immigrant children flood detention center". The Arizona Republic. Associated Press. Archived from the original on March 31, 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2019. Detainees sleep and watch television in a holding cell on June 18, 2014. They are among hundreds of mostly Central American immigrant children being processed and held at the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Nogales Placement Center.
  30. ↑ Caldwell, Alicia A.; Frosch, Dan (June 18, 2018). "What's Behind Family Separation at the Border?: Question and Answer". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on June 20, 2018. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
  31. ↑ "Transcript: Donald Trump's full immigration speech, annotated". Los Angeles Times. August 31, 2016. Archived from the original on June 21, 2018. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
  32. ↑ "Full text: Donald Trump immigration speech in Arizona". Politico. August 31, 2016. Archived from the original on February 3, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2018.
  33. ↑ Bellware, Kim. "Leaked Stephen Miller emails show Trump's point man on immigration promoted white nationalism, SPLC reports". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 13, 2019. Retrieved December 23, 2019.
  34. ↑ Lamarque, Kevin (June 19, 2018). "The Outrage Over Family Separation Is Exactly What Stephen Miller Wants". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on December 16, 2019. Retrieved December 24, 2019.
  35. ↑ Shear, Michael D.; Benner, Katie (June 18, 2018). "How Anti-Immigration Passion Was Inflamed From the Fringe". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 19, 2018. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
  36. ↑ "White House nixed deal to pay for mental health care for separated families". NBC News. November 19, 2020. Archived from the original on December 18, 2020. Retrieved 2020-11-20.
  37. ↑ Gamboa, Suzanne (August 22, 2020). "'White supremacy' was behind child separations—and Trump officials went along, critics say". NBC News. Archived from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved January 14, 2021.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 Ainsley, Julia (March 3, 2017). "Exclusive: Trump administration considering separating women, children at Mexico border". Reuters. Archived from the original on June 19, 2018. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
  39. ↑ Ainsley, Julia. "Trump admin discussed separating moms, kids to deter asylum-seekers in Feb. 2017". NBC News. Archived from the original on June 19, 2018. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
  40. ↑ Mallonee, Mary (March 3, 2017). "DHS considering proposal to separate children from adults at border". CNN. Archived from the original on June 19, 2018. Retrieved June 18, 2018. Fresco also said the impetus for the change is the Flores v. Lynch court case, which held that the government is required to release minors from detention expeditiously even if they are accompanied by their parents, not just if they're unaccompanied
  41. ↑ Kriel, Lomi (November 25, 2017). "Trump moves to end 'catch and release', prosecuting parents and removing children who cross border". Houston Chronicle. Archived from the original on February 6, 2021. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
  42. ↑ Kopan, Tal (June 12, 2017). "Trump admin ending program for mothers, children seeking asylum". CNN. Archived from the original on June 19, 2018. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 43.3 43.4 43.5 43.6 Kevin Sieff, The Trump administration used an early, unreported program to separate migrant families along a remote stretch of the border Archived July 10, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, Washington Post (July 9, 2021).
  44. ↑ "Unaccompanied Children: Agency Efforts to Identify and Reunify Children Separated from Parents at the Border" Archived December 7, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, GAO (February 7, 2019).
  45. ↑ Farivar, Masood. "Sessions Announces 'Zero-Tolerance' Policy on Illegal Border Crossings". Voice of America. Archived from the original on June 19, 2018. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
  46. ↑ "Did President Trump Order Detained Immigrants to Wear Yellow Bracelets?". Snopes. Archived from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
  47. ↑ Esquivel, Paloma and Brittny Mejia (1 July 2018). "The Trump administration says it's a 'myth' that families that ask for asylum at ports of entry are separated. It happens frequently, records show". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on August 19, 2018. Retrieved 19 August 2018.
  48. ↑ Tribune, The Texas (2018-07-05). "The Trump administration is not keeping its promises to asylum seekers who come to ports of entry". The Texas Tribune. Archived from the original on July 11, 2018. Retrieved 2018-08-19.
  49. ↑ "Homeland Security chief denies Trump administration policy of ripping kids from their parents at the nation's border". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on September 25, 2020. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 Sides, John (June 19, 2018). "The extraordinary unpopularity of Trump's family separation policy (in one graph)". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 20, 2018. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
  51. ↑ "Polls: Trump's family separation policy is very unpopular—except among Republicans". Vox. Archived from the original on June 19, 2018. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
  52. ↑ Arango, Tim; Cockrel, Kayla (June 14, 2018). "Marches Across the U.S. Protest Separation of Migrant Families". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 15, 2018. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
  53. ↑ Cumming-Bruce, Nick (June 5, 2018). "Taking Migrant Children From Parents Is Illegal, U.N. Tells U.S." The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 8, 2018. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
  54. ↑ "UN office calls on US to stop separating families at border". The Washington Post. Associated Press. June 5, 2018. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
  55. ↑ Vine, Katy (June 15, 2018). "What's Really Happening When Asylum-Seeking Families Are Separated?". Texas Monthly. Archived from the original on June 16, 2018. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
  56. ↑ Shear, Michael D.; Goodnough, Abby; Haberman, Maggie (June 20, 2018). "Trump Retreats on Separating Families, Signing Order to Detain Them Together". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 20, 2018. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
  57. ↑ "Affording Congress an Opportunity To Address Family Separation". Federal Register. June 25, 2018. Retrieved June 27, 2018.
  58. ↑ "Affording Congress an Opportunity to Address Family Separation". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved June 20, 2018 – via National Archives.
  59. ↑ Tapper, Jake (2019-04-08). "Trump pushed to close El Paso border, told admin officials to resume family separations and agents not to admit migrants". CNN. Archived from the original on April 9, 2019. Retrieved 2019-04-08.
  60. ↑ Klein, Betsy. "Trump denies reports he will reinstate family separation border policy". CNN. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
  61. ↑ Rupar, Aaron (April 9, 2019). "Trump's attempt to blame Obama for family separations, debunked". Vox. Archived from the original on December 11, 2020. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
  62. ↑ "Management Alert—DHS Needs to Address Dangerous Overcrowding and Prolonged Detention of Children and Adults in the Rio Grande Valley (Redacted)" (PDF). Department of Homeland Security Office of Inspector General. July 2, 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 14, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2019.
  63. ↑ "Attorneys: Texas border facility is neglecting migrant kids". Associated Press. Archived from the original on October 26, 2019. Retrieved September 9, 2019.
  64. ↑ Ferris, Sarah; Caygle, Heather (July 1, 2019). "Dems call for firing Border Patrol agents over 'vile' Facebook posts". Politico. Archived from the original on July 1, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
  65. ↑ Reiss, Jaclyn (July 1, 2019). "Here's what Mass. representatives said about their experience visiting migrant detention centers". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
  66. ↑ Wilson, Christoper. "AOC paints grim picture of U.S. migrant detention centers: 'People drinking out of toilets'". Yahoo! News. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
  67. ↑ Cross, David; Baudisch, Portia (July 1, 2019). "Migrant women told to drink from toilet at El Paso facility, congressional members say". KEPR-TV. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
  68. ↑ Villagran, Lauren (July 1, 2019). "'The system is still broken': Lawmakers tour El Paso-area Border Patrol facilities". El Paso Times. Archived from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
  69. ↑ American Civil Liberties Union Research Report (April 2020). "Justice Free Zones: U.S. Immigration Detention Under the Trump Administration" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on December 22, 2020. Retrieved December 13, 2020. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  70. ↑ "Watchdog details psychological trauma among migrant children separated from families". CBS News. Archived from the original on September 8, 2019. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
  71. ↑ Grady, Constance. "Family separation at the border: what you need to know about Trump's alarming immigration policy". Vox. Archived from the original on June 16, 2018. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
  72. ↑ Baldas, Tresa (June 20, 2018). "Torn from immigrant parents, 8-month-old baby lands in Michigan". Detroit Free Press. Archived from the original on June 20, 2018. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
  73. ↑ "Trump administration's 'zero tolerance' border prosecutions led to time served, $10 fees". USA Today. Archived from the original on September 25, 2024. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
  74. ↑ "Exclusive: 366 migrant kids torn from parents in 8 days". MSNBC. Archived from the original on June 18, 2018. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
  75. ↑ Wang, Amy (June 10, 2018). "Officials blast Trump policy after visiting detained immigrants". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 18, 2018. Retrieved June 16, 2018 – via the Chicago Tribune.
  76. ↑ Engelberg, Stephen (2018-06-19). "DHS Chief is Confronted With ProPublica Tape of Wailing Children Separated from Parents". ProPublica. Archived from the original on February 15, 2021. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
  77. ↑ "Family separation under the Trump administration—a timeline". Southern Poverty Law Center. Archived from the original on October 6, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
  78. ↑ "Listen to Children Who've Just Been Separated From Their Parents at the Border". Ginger Thompson. ProPublica. June 18, 2018. Archived from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved June 19, 2018.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  79. ↑ "What Happened To The Girl Whose Cries Became The Voice Of Family Separation". YouTube. December 26, 2018. Archived from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2020.
  80. ↑ 80.0 80.1 Carpenter, Zoë (June 18, 2018). "What It's Like Inside a Border Patrol Facility Where Families Are Being Separated". The Nation. Archived from the original on December 24, 2019. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
  81. ↑ Hennessy-Fiske, Molly (June 14, 2018). "'Prison-like' migrant youth shelter is understaffed, unequipped for Trump's 'zero tolerance' policy, insider says". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on February 13, 2021. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
  82. ↑ Burke, Garance; Mendoza, Martha (June 20, 2018). "At least 3 "tender age" shelters set up for child migrants". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on February 13, 2021. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
  83. ↑ Shoichet, Catherine E. (June 14, 2018). "Doctors saw immigrant kids separated from their parents. Now they're trying to stop it". CNN. Archived from the original on May 21, 2019.
  84. ↑ Rogers, Katie (June 21, 2018). "Melania Trump Wore a Jacket Saying 'I Really Don't Care' on Her Way to Texas Shelters". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved June 22, 2018.
  85. ↑ O'Connor, Lydia. "Melania Trump Visits Texas Shelter For Undocumented Children". HuffPost. Archived from the original on June 25, 2018. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
  86. ↑ Shear, Michael D.; Davis, Julie Hirschfeld; Kaplan, Thomas; Pear, Robert (June 26, 2018). "Federal Judge in California Halts Splitting of Migrant Families at Border". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 27, 2018.
  87. ↑ "Order Granting Plaintiffs' Motion for Classwide Preliminary Injunction], Ms. L., et al. v. U.S. immigration & Customs Enforcement, et al., Case No. 18-cv-0428 (S.D. Cal. June 26, 2018)". Politico. Archived from the original on July 25, 2020. Retrieved June 27, 2018.

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