Candiru
| Candiru | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Siluriformes |
| Family: | Trichomycteridae |
| Genus: | Vandellia |
| Species: | V. cirrhosa
|
| Binomial name | |
| Vandellia cirrhosa Valenciennes, 1846
| |
Candiru (candirú) (Spanish, also known as canero or toothpick fish) are parasitic freshwater catfish and a member of the Trichomycteridae family. They can be found in the Amazon River and to the people who live there, they are the most feared fish in its waters, even over the piranha.[1] They are eel-shaped and translucent, making them very difficult to see in the water. Some species have been known to grow to a size of 6 inches (~15 cm) in length.
The area that has the most of these fish is at the section between the Amazon River and the Rio Negro, near Brazil's inland city of Manaus.
Parasitism and food
[change | change source]Candiru are parasites. Their ability to find breath currents in the water allows them to swim into the gill openings of other aquatic species, where they feed on their prey's blood.
While the fish in the subfamily Vandelliinae feed on blood, fish in Stegophilinae may feed on scales, mucus, or carrion.[2]
To hunt for its prey, the Candirú lies at the bottom of the river testing and sniffing the water for certain chemicals, such as urea and ammonia from the gills of other fish. Once they have found a fish nearby they rush with a burst of speed to the gill cavity and attaches itself with its spines. Then, it begins to gnaw a hole towards a major blood vessel and stuffs itself for no more than a few minutes, which usually causes the victim to die. It will then release itself and sink back to the river bed in order to digest its food and wait for its next meal.
Attacks on people
[change | change source]These smaller species are known for being thought to invade and make use of a person's urethra. Even with reports as old as the 1800s, the first written case of the removal of a candiru from a person did not occur until 1997, and even that incident is not believed by everyone.[3] The idea that the fish are attracted by urine appears to be not right. The fish actually hunt by sight and do not like urine at all.[4]
References
[change | change source]- ↑ Axelrod, Herbert R. et al 1996 (1983). Exotic tropical fishes. T.F.H. Publications. ISBN 0-87666-543-1.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ↑ Schaefer, Scott A. et al 2005 (2005). "New and noteworthy Venezuelan glanapterygine catfishes (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae), with discussion of their biogeography and psammophily" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (3496): 1–27. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2005)496[0001:NANVGC]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 19506818. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-12-17. Retrieved 2009-01-11.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ↑ de Carvalho, Marcelo R. 2003. "Analyse D'Ouvrage" (PDF). Cybium. 27 (2): 82. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-02-07. Retrieved 2009-01-11.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ↑ Spotte, Stephen et al 2001. "Experiments on the feeding behavior of the hematophagous Candiru". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 60 (4): 459–464. doi:10.1023/A:1011081027565. S2CID 40239152.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Other websites
[change | change source]- Article on removal of candiru from a male patient with pictures Archived 2008-12-20 at the Wayback Machine.
- Youtube Video of Animal Planet documentary detailing infestation by and surgical removal of candiru from penis.
- The Candiru, cat fish Brazil vampire myth or reality Archived 2008-12-18 at the Wayback Machine