Voiced velar nasal
consonantal sound
The voiced velar nasal is a type of consonant. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨ŋ⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is ⟨N⟩. The English language has this sound. It is the sound represented by ng in walking and angst.
Voiced velar nasal | |
---|---|
ŋ | |
IPA Number | 119 |
Encoding | |
Entity (decimal) | ŋ |
Unicode (hex) | U 014B |
X-SAMPA | N |
Features
change- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic. This means that this sound is produced by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
- The phonation is voiced. This means that the vocal cords vibrate while the sound is being pronounced.
- The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is velar. This means that this sound is produced with the back of the tongue at the soft palate.
- It is a nasal consonant. This means that air is allowed to escape through the nose, either exclusively (nasal stops) or in addition to through the mouth.
Examples
changeLanguage | Word | IPA | Meaning | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Albanian | ngaqë | [ŋɡacə] | 'because' | |
Aleut[1] | chaang | [tʃɑːŋ] | 'five' | |
Arabic | Hejazi [source?] |
مــنــقل/mingal | [mɪŋɡal] | 'brazier' |
Armenian | Eastern[2] | ընկեր/ënker | [əŋˈkɛɾ] | 'friend' |
Assamese | ৰং/ŗông | [ɹɔŋ] | 'color' | |
Bambara | ŋonI | [ŋoni] | 'guitar' | |
Bashkir | мең / meñ | [mɪ̞ŋ] (help·info) | 'one thousand' | |
Basque | hanka | [haŋka] | 'leg' | |
Bengali | রঙ/rông | [rɔŋ] | 'color' | |
Bulgarian[3] | тънко/tănko | [ˈtɤŋko] | 'thin' | |
Catalan[4] | sang | [ˈsɑ̃ŋ(k)] | 'blood' | |
Chamorro | ngånga' | [ŋɑŋaʔ] | 'duck' | |
Chinese | Cantonese | 昂/ngong4 | [ŋɔːŋ˩] | 'raise' |
Eastern Min | 疑/ngi | [ŋi] | 'suspect' | |
Gan | 牙/nga | [ŋa] | 'tooth' | |
Hakka | 我/ngai | [ŋai] | 'I' | |
Mandarin | 北京/beijing | [peɪ˨˩tɕiŋ˥] | 'Beijing' | |
Northern Min | 外/ngui | [ŋui] | 'outside' | |
Southern Min | 黃/ng | [ŋ̍] | 'yellow' | |
Sichuanese | 我/ngo | [ŋɔ] | 'I' | |
Wu | 五/ng | [ŋ˩˧] | 'five' | |
Xiang | 熬/ngau | [ŋau] | 'to boil' | |
Yuci dialect of Jin | 我/ngie | [ŋie] | 'I' | |
Chukchi | ңыроқ/ṇyroq | [ŋəɹoq] | 'three' | |
Czech | tank | [taŋk] | 'tank' | |
Dinka | ŋa | [ŋa] | 'who' | |
Danish | sang | [sɑŋˀ] | 'song' | |
Dutch[5] | angst | [ɑŋst] | 'fear' | |
English | sing | [sɪŋ] 'sing' | ||
Faroese | ong | [ɔŋk] | 'meadow' | |
Fijian | gone | [ˈŋone] | 'child' | |
Filipino | ngayón | [ŋaˈjon] | 'now' | |
Finnish | kangas | [ˈkɑŋːɑs] | 'cloth' | |
French[6] | Standard | camping | [kɑ̃piŋ(ɡ)] | 'camping' |
Southern France | pain | [pɛŋ] | 'bread' | |
Galician | unha | [ˈuŋa] | 'one' (f.) | |
German | lang | [laŋ] | 'long' | |
Greek | άγχος / anchos | ['aŋxo̞s] | 'Stress' | |
Hebrew | Standard | אנגלית/anglit | [aŋɡˈlit] | 'English language' |
Sephardi | עין/nayin | [ŋaˈjin] | 'Ayin' | |
Hiligaynon | buang | [bu'äŋ] | 'crazy/mentally unstable' | |
Hindustani | Hindi | रंग/रङ्ग/raṅg | [rəŋg] | 'color' |
Urdu | رن٘گ/raṅg | |||
Fiji Hindustani | Rang | |||
Hungarian | ing | [iŋɡ] | 'shirt' | |
Icelandic | göng | [ˈkœy̯ŋk] | 'tunnel' | |
Inuktitut | ᐴᙳᐆᖅ / puunnguuq | [puːŋŋuːq] | 'dog' | |
Inuvialuktun | qamnguiyuaq | [qamŋuijuaq] | 'snores' | |
Irish | a nglór | [ˌə̃ ˈŋl̪ˠoːɾˠ] | 'their voice' | |
Italian[7] | anche | [ˈaŋke] | 'also' | |
Itelmen | қниң | [qniŋ] | 'one' | |
Japanese | Standard | 南極 / nankyoku | [naŋkʲokɯ] | 'the South Pole' |
Eastern dialects[8] | 鍵 / kagi | [kaŋi] | 'key' | |
Javanese | ꦱꦺꦔꦏ꧀/Sengak | [səŋŋak] | stink | |
Kagayanen[9] | manang | [manaŋ] | 'older sister' | |
Kazakh | мың / myń | [məŋ] | 'thousand' | |
Kyrgyz | миң/miñ | [miŋ] | ||
Ket | аяң/ajaņ | [ajaŋ] | 'to damn' | |
Khasi | ngap | [ŋap] | 'honey' | |
Khmer | ងាយ / ngéay | [ŋiəj] | 'easy' | |
Korean | 성에 / seonge | [sʌŋe] | 'window frost' | |
Kurdish | Northern | ceng | [dʒɛŋ] | 'war' |
Central | جهنگ/ceng | |||
Southern | ||||
Luxembourgish[10] | keng | [kʰæŋ] | 'nobody' | |
Macedonian | aнглиски/angliski | [ˈaŋɡliski] | 'English' | |
Luganda | ŋaaŋa | [ŋɑːŋɑ] | 'hornbill' | |
Malay | Malaysian and Indonesian | bangun | [bäŋon] | 'wake up' |
Kelantan-Pattani | sini | [si.niŋ] | 'here' | |
Terengganu | ayam | [a.jaŋ] | 'chicken' | |
Malayalam[1] | മാങ്ങ/mān̄n̄a | [maːŋŋɐ] | 'mango' | |
Māori[11] | ngā | [ŋaː] | 'the' | |
Marathi | रंग/ranga | [rəŋə] | 'colour' | |
Mari | еҥ/eng | [jeŋ] | 'human' | |
Mongolian | тэнгэр / teŋger | [teŋger] | 'sky' | |
Nepali | नङ/nang | [nʌŋ] | 'nail' | |
Nganasan | ӈаӈ/ngang | [ŋaŋ] | 'mouth' | |
Nivkh | ңамг/ngamg | [ŋamɡ] | 'seven' | |
North Frisian | Mooring | kåchelng | [ˈkɔxəlŋ] | 'stove' |
Norwegian | gang | [ɡɑŋ] | 'hallway' | |
Odia | ଏବଂ/ebang | [ebɔŋ] | 'and' | |
Panjabi | Gurmukhi | ਰੰਗ/rang | [rəŋ] | 'color' |
Shahmukhi | رنگ/rang | |||
Persian | [ræːŋ] | |||
Pipil | nemanha | [nemaŋa] | 'later' | |
Polish[12] | bank | [bäŋk] | 'bank' | |
Portuguese | manga | [ˈmɐ̃(ŋ)ɡɐ] | 'mango' | |
Occitan | Provençal | vin | [viŋ] | 'wine' |
Rapanui | hanga | [haŋa] | 'bay' | |
Romanian | Țara Moților Transylvanian[13] | câine | ['kɨŋi] | 'dog' |
Sāmoan | gagana | [ŋaˈŋana] | 'language' | |
Serbo-Croatian[14] | станка / stanka | [stâːŋka] | 'pause' | |
Seri | comcáac | [koŋˈkaak] | 'Seri people' | |
Shona | nanga | [ŋaŋɡa] | 'witch doctor' | |
Slovene | tank | [taŋk] | 'tank' | |
Spanish[15] | All dialects | domingo | [d̪o̞ˈmĩŋɡo̞] | 'Sunday' |
Galician Spanish, Andalusian, Canarian, and most Latin American dialects | alquitrán | [alkitˈɾaŋ] | 'tar' | |
Swahili | ng'ombe | [ŋombɛ] | 'cow' | |
Swedish | ingenting | [ɪŋɛnˈtʰɪŋ] | 'nothing' | |
Tamil | இங்கே/in̄gē | [iŋgeː] | 'here' | |
Thai | งาน/ngaan | [ŋaːn] | 'work' | |
Tongan | tangata | [taŋata] | 'man' | |
Tuamotuan | rangi / ragi | [raŋi] | 'sky' | |
Tundra Nenets | ӈэва/ŋəwa | [ŋæewa] | 'head' | |
Turkmen | müň | [myŋ] | 'thousand' | |
Tyap | nɡɡwon | [ŋɡʷən] | 'child' | |
Uzbek | ming | [miŋ] | 'thousand' | |
Venetian | man | [maŋ] | 'hand' | |
Vietnamese[16] | ngà | [ŋaː˨˩] | 'ivory' | |
Welsh | rhwng | [r̥ʊŋ] | 'between' | |
West Frisian | kening | [ˈkeːnɪŋ] | 'king' | |
Xhosa | ing’ang’ane | [iŋaŋaːne] | 'hadada ibis' | |
Yi | ꉢ/nga | [ŋa˧] | 'I' | |
Yup'ik | ungungssiq | [uŋuŋssiq] | 'animal' | |
Zapotec | Tilquiapan[17] | yan | [jaŋ] | 'neck' |
Notes
change- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ladefoged (2005), p. 165.
- ↑ Dum-Tragut (2009), p. 19.
- ↑ Sabev, Mitko. "Bulgarian Sound System". Archived from the original on 11 July 2012. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
- ↑ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992), p. 53.
- ↑ Gussenhoven (1992), p. 45.
- ↑ Wells (1989), p. 44.
- ↑ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004), p. 118.
- ↑ Okada (1999), p. 118.
- ↑ Olson et al. (2010), pp. 206–207.
- ↑ Gilles & Trouvain (2013), pp. 67–68.
- ↑ Reed (2001).
- ↑ Jassem (2003), p. 103.
- ↑ Pop (1938), p. 31.
- ↑ Landau et al. (1999), p. 67
- ↑ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003), p. 258.
- ↑ Thompson (1959), pp. 458–461.
- ↑ Merrill (2008), p. 109.
References
change- Anderson, Gregory D. S. (2008), "The Velar Nasal", in Haspelmath, Martin; Dryer, Matthew S; Gil, David; et al. (eds.), The World Atlas of Language Structures Online, Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, retrieved 2008-04-30
- Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (1–2): 53–56, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618, S2CID 249411809
- Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Gilles, Peter; Trouvain, Jürgen (2013), "Luxembourgish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (1): 67–74, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000278
- Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X, S2CID 243772965
- Gussmann, Edmund (1974), Fisiak, Jacek (ed.), "Nasality in Polish and English" (PDF), Papers and Studies in Contrastive Linguistics, 2, Poznań: Adam Mickiewicz University: 105–122
- Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
- Jones, Daniel; Ward, Dennis (1969), The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521153003
- Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants: An Introduction to the Sounds of Languages, vol. 1, Wiley-Blackwell
- Landau, Ernestina; Lončarić, Mijo; Horga, Damir; Škarić, Ivo (1999), "Croatian", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–69, ISBN 0-521-65236-7
- Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
- Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 38 (1): 107–114, doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344
- Okada, Hideo (1999), "Japanese", in International Phonetic Association (ed.), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge University Press, pp. 117–119, ISBN 978-0-52163751-0
- Olson, Kenneth; Mielke, Jeff; Sanicas-Daguman, Josephine; Pebley, Carol Jean; Paterson, Hugh J., III (2010), "The phonetic status of the (inter)dental approximant" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 40 (2): 199–215, doi:10.1017/S0025100309990296, S2CID 38504322
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Ostaszewska, Danuta; Tambor, Jolanta (2000), Fonetyka i fonologia współczesnego języka polskiego, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, ISBN 83-01-12992-1
- Pop, Sever (1938), Micul Atlas Linguistic Român, Muzeul Limbii Române Cluj
- Reed, A.W. (2001), Kāretu, Tīmoti (ed.), The Reed Concise Māori Dictionary
- Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628
- Wells, J.C. (1989), "Computer-Coded Phonemic Notation of Individual Languages of the European Community", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 19 (1): 31–54, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005892, S2CID 145148170