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Voiced palatal nasal

consonantal sound
See also: Voiceless velar nasal

The voiced palatal nasal is a type of consonant. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨ɲ⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is ⟨J⟩. English does not have this sound but Spanish does, where it is represented by "ñ".

Voiced palatal nasal
ɲ
IPA Number118
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ɲ
Unicode (hex)U 0272
X-SAMPAJ

Features

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  • The airstream mechanism is pulmonic. This means that this sound is produced by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
  • The phonation is voiced. This means that the vocal cords vibrate while the sound is being pronounced.
  • The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is palatal. This means that this sound is produced with the middle or back part of the tongue raised to the hard palate.
  • It is a nasal consonant. This means that air is allowed to escape through the nose, either exclusively (nasal stops) or in addition to through the mouth.

Examples

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Language Word IPA Meaning
!Kung[1] [example needed] — —
Albanian një [ɲə] 'one'
Aranda [example needed] — —
Basque andereño [än̪d̪e̞ɾe̞ɲo̞] 'female teacher'
Bengali[2] অঞ্চল/anycal [ɔɲtʃɔl] 'area'
Burmese[2] ညာ/nya [ɲà] 'right(-hand side)'
Catalan[3] any [ˈaɲ̟] 'year'
Chinese Mandarin 女人 / nǚ rén [ny˨˩˦ ɻən˧˥] 'woman'
Sichuanese [nʲy˨˩˦ zən˧˥]
Wu / Shanghai dialect 女人/nyú nyǐnh [n̠ʲy˩˧ n̠ʲɪɲ˥˨]
Czech kůň [kuːɲ] 'horse'
Dinka nyɔt [ɲɔt] 'very'
Dutch[4] oranje [oˈrɑɲə] 'orange'
French hargneux [arɲø] 'belligerent'
Galician[5] viño [ˈbiɲo] 'wine'
Greek πρωτοχρονιά / prōtochroniá [pro̞to̞xro̞ˈɲ̟ɐ] 'New Year's Day'
Haketia[6] [ru.ha.ˈɲi] 'spiritual'
Hindustani Hindi पञ्छी/पंछी/pañchī [pəɲ.t͡ʃʰiː] 'bird'
Urdu پنچھی/pañchī
Hungarian[7] anya [ˈɒɲɒ] 'mother'
Italian Standard bagno [ˈbäɲːo] 'bath'
Romanesco dialect niente [ˈɲːɛn̪t̪e] 'nothing'
Irish[8] inné [əˈn̠ʲeː] 'yesterday'
Japanese[9] 庭 / niwa [ɲ̟iɰᵝa̠] 'garden'
Khasi bseiñ [bsɛɲ] 'snake'
Khmer ពេញ / pénh [pɨɲ] 'full'
Korean 저녁 / jeonyeok [t͡ɕʌɲ̟ʌk̚] 'evening'
Kurdish Southern یانزه/yanyza [jäːɲzˠa] 'eleven'
Latvian mākoņains [maːkuɔɲains] 'cloudy'
Macedonian чешање/češanje [ˈt͡ʃɛʃaɲɛ] 'itching'
Malagasy[10] [example needed] — —
Malay banyak [bäɲäʔˈ] 'a lot'
Malayalam[11] ഞാൻ/ñān [ɲäːn] 'I'
Mapudungun[12] ñachi [ɲɜˈt͡ʃɪ] 'spiced blood'
North Frisian Mooring fliinj [ˈfliːɲ] 'to fly'
Norwegian Northern[13] mann [mɑɲː] 'man'
Southern[13]
Occitan Northern Polonha [puˈluɲo̞] 'Poland'
Southern
Gascon banh [baɲ] 'bath'
Polish[14] koń  [kɔɲ̟] (help·info) 'horse'
Portuguese Many dialects[15] Sônia [ˈsõ̞n̠ʲɐ] 'Sonia'
Brazilian[15][16] sonhar [ˈsõ̞ɲaɾ] 'to dream'
European[17] arranhar [ɐʁɐ̃ˈn̠ʲaɾ] 'to scratch'
Quechua ñuqa [ˈɲɔqɑ] 'I'
Romanian Transylvanian dialects[18] câine [ˈkɨɲe̞] 'dog'
Scottish Gaelic[19] seinn [ʃeiɲ̟] 'sing'
Serbo-Croatian[20] њој / njoj [ɲ̟ȏ̞j] 'to her'
Slovak pečeň [ˈpɛ̝t͡ʂɛ̝ɲ̟] 'liver'
Spanish[21] español [e̞späˈɲol] 'Spanish'
Swahili nyama [ɲɑmɑ] 'meat'
Tamil ஞாயிறு/ñāyiru [ɲaːjiru] 'Sunday'
Tyap nyam [ɲam] 'animal'
Ukrainian тінь/tin' [t̪ʲin̠ʲ] 'shadow'
Vietnamese nhà [ɲâː] 'house'
West Frisian njonken [ˈɲoŋkən] 'next to'
Yi ꑌ / nyi [n̠ʲi˧] 'sit'
Zulu inyoni [iɲ̟óːni] 'bird'

Notes

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  1. ↑ Doke (1925), p. ?.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), p. 111.
  3. ↑ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992), p. 53.
  4. ↑ Gussenhoven (1992), p. 46.
  5. ↑ Regueira (1996), p. 119.
  6. ↑ Cunha (2009), pp. 42, 43.
  7. ↑ Ladefoged (2005), p. 164.
  8. ↑ Ní Chasaide (1999).
  9. ↑ Okada (1999), p. 118.
  10. ↑ Recasens (2013), p. 11.
  11. ↑ Ladefoged (2005), p. 165.
  12. ↑ Sadowsky et al. (2013), p. 88.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Skjekkeland (1997), pp. 105–107.
  14. ↑ Jassem (2003), pp. 103–104.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Considerações sobre o status das palato-alveolares em português Archived 2014-04-07 at the Wayback Machine, p. 12.
  16. ↑ Aragão (2009), p. 168.
  17. ↑ Cruz-Ferreira (1995), p. 91.
  18. ↑ Pop (1938), p. 30.
  19. ↑ Oftedal (1956), p. ?.
  20. ↑ Landau et al. (1999), p. 67.
  21. ↑ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003), p. 255.

References

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