Euler's formula

mathematical formula in complex analysis that establishes the fundamental relationship between the trigonometric functions and the complex exponential function

In complex analysis, Euler's formula, also sometimes called Euler's relation, is an equation involving complex numbers and trigonometric functions. More specifically, it states that

where x is a real number, e is Euler's number and i is the imaginary unit.[1][2][3]

It makes a relation between trigonometric functions and exponential functions of complex numbers. It is named after Leonhard Euler, who published it in 1748. When he published it, Euler said that the angle must be a real number. Later, it turned out that the formula also works if the angle is not a real number, but a complex one.

When the angle is and , Euler's formula becomes and , respectively.[1][3]

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References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 "Euler's Formula: A Complete Guide". Math Vault. 2020-09-30. Retrieved 2020-10-02.
  2. Weisstein, Eric W. "Euler Formula". mathworld.wolfram.com. Retrieved 2020-10-02.
  3. 3.0 3.1 "Euler's formula | mathematics". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-10-02.