Yaxchilan

Struktura 33 u Yaxchilanu

Zapadna akropola Yaxchilana

Yaxchilan (ponekad navođen i kao Menché i Grad Lorillarda) je drevni majanski grad smješten na obali rijeke Usumacinta u današnjoj meksičkoj državi Chiapas. U kasnom klasičnom periodu Yaxchilan je bio jedna od najmoćnijih majanskih država duž rijeke Usumacinta, sa gradom Piedras Negras kao glavnim suparnikom. Arhitektonski stilovi u podložnim gradovima/oblastima Usumacinte pokazuju jasnu granicu između dva kraljevstva.

Yaxchilan je bio veliki grad i važno središte u klasičnoj eri. Dominirao je manjim gradovima kao Bonampak, a uz dugogodišnje suparništvo sa Piedras Negrasom neko vrijeme je ratovao i sa Tikalom; također je bio suparnik Palenquea, sa kojim je Yaxchilan ratovao 654.

Danas se na mjestu grada nalazi niz prilično dobro sačuvanih građevina. Na njima se nalaze natpisi koji, uz brojne stele, daju dobre podatke o historiji vladara grada.

Drevno ime za grad je Pa' Chan. Današnje ime Yaxchilan znači "zeleno kamenje" na majanskom.

Literatura

Yaxchilan na Wikimedijinoj ostavi

Coe, Michael D. (1999). The Maya. Ancient peoples and places series (6th edition, fully revised and expanded izd.). London and New York: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-28066-5. OCLC 86332778.Coe, Michael D.&rft.au=Coe, Michael D.&rft.date=1999&rft.series=Ancient peoples and places series&rft.edition=6th edition, fully revised and expanded&rft.place=London and New York&rft.pub=Thames & Hudson&rft.isbn=0-500-28066-5&rft_id=info:oclcnum/86332778&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Yaxchilan"> 

Cohodas, Marvin (1991). „Ballgame Imagery of the Maya Lowlands: History and Iconography”. u: Vernon Scarborough and David R. Wilcox (eds.). The Mesoamerican Ballgame. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. str. 251–288. ISBN 0-8165-1360-0. OCLC 51873028.Cohodas, Marvin&rft.au=Cohodas, Marvin&rft.date=1991&rft.pages=str. 251–288&rft.place=Tucson&rft.pub=[[University of Arizona Press]]&rft.isbn=0-8165-1360-0&rft_id=info:oclcnum/51873028&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Yaxchilan"> 

De la Fuente, Beatriz (2001). Pintura Mural Prehispánica en México: Area Maya, Estudios 2001, IIEs, UNAM.

Hammond, Norman (2000). „The Maya Lowlands: Pioneer Farmers to Merchant Princes”. u: Richard E.W. Adams and Murdo J. Macleod (eds.). The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas, Vol. II: Mesoamerica, part 1. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. str. 197–249. ISBN 0-521-35165-0. OCLC 33386344.Vol. II: Mesoamerica, part 1&rft.aulast=Hammond, Norman&rft.au=Hammond, Norman&rft.date=2000&rft.pages=str. 197–249&rft.place=Cambridge, UK&rft.pub=[[Cambridge University Press]]&rft.isbn=0-521-35165-0&rft_id=info:oclcnum/33386344&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Yaxchilan"> 

Kelly, Joyce (2001). An Archaeological Guide to Central and Southern Mexico. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-3349-X.Kelly, Joyce&rft.au=Kelly, Joyce&rft.date=2001&rft.place=Norman&rft.pub=[[University of Oklahoma Press]]&rft.isbn=0-8061-3349-X&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Yaxchilan"> 

Martin, Simon; and Nikolai Grube (2000). Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London and New York: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-05103-8. OCLC 47358325.Martin, Simon&rft.au=Martin, Simon&rft.date=2000&rft.place=London and New York&rft.pub=Thames & Hudson&rft.isbn=0-500-05103-8&rft_id=info:oclcnum/47358325&rft_id=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Yaxchilan"> 

Scarborough, Vernon L. (1991). „Courting in the Southern Maya Lowlands: A Study in Pre-Hispanic Ballgame Architecture”. u: Vernon Scarborough and David R. Wilcox (eds.). The Mesoamerican Ballgame. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. str. 129–144. ISBN 0-8165-1360-0. OCLC 51873028.Scarborough, Vernon L.&rft.au=Scarborough, Vernon L.&rft.date=1991&rft.pages=str. 129–144&rft.place=Tucson&rft.pub=University of Arizona Press&rft.isbn=0-8165-1360-0&rft_id=info:oclcnum/51873028&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Yaxchilan"> 

Schele, Linda; and Matthew G. Looper (2005). „Seats of Power at Copán”. u: E. Wyllys Andrews and William L. Fash (eds.). Copán: The History of an Ancient Maya Kingdom. Santa Fe and Oxford: School of American Research Press and James Currey Ltd. str. 345–372. ISBN 0-85255-981-X. OCLC 56194789.Schele, Linda&rft.au=Schele, Linda&rft.date=2005&rft.pages=str. 345–372&rft.place=Santa Fe and Oxford&rft.pub=[[School of American Research]] Press and James Currey Ltd&rft.isbn=0-85255-981-X&rft_id=info:oclcnum/56194789&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Yaxchilan"> 

Sharer, Robert J.; with Loa P. Traxler (2006). The Ancient Maya (6th (fully revised) izd.). Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446.Sharer, Robert J.&rft.au=Sharer, Robert J.&rft.date=2006&rft.edition=6th (fully revised)&rft.place=Stanford, California&rft.pub=[[Stanford University Press]]&rft.isbn=0-8047-4817-9&rft_id=info:oclcnum/57577446&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Yaxchilan"> 

Taladoire, Eric; and Benoit Colsenet (1991). „"Bois Ton Sang, Beaumanoir": The Political and Conflictual Aspects of the Ballgame in the Northern Chiapas Area”. u: Vernon Scarborough and David R. Wilcox (eds.). The Mesoamerican Ballgame. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. str. 161–174. ISBN 0-8165-1360-0. OCLC 51873028.Taladoire, Eric&rft.au=Taladoire, Eric&rft.date=1991&rft.pages=str. 161–174&rft.place=Tucson&rft.pub=University of Arizona Press&rft.isbn=0-8165-1360-0&rft_id=info:oclcnum/51873028&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Yaxchilan"> 

Tate, Carolyn E. (1992). Yaxchilan: The Design of a Maya Ceremonial City. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-77041-3. OCLC 23464300.Tate, Carolyn E.&rft.au=Tate, Carolyn E.&rft.date=1992&rft.place=Austin&rft.pub=[[University of Texas Press]]&rft.isbn=0-292-77041-3&rft_id=info:oclcnum/23464300&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Yaxchilan">