Otto Rank
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| Oto Rank | |
|---|---|
Oto Rank | |
| Rođenje | Otto Rosenfeld 22. 4. 1884. |
| Smrt | 31. 10. 1939. (dob: 55) |
| Prebivalište | Austrija, Francuska |
| Državljanstvo | austrijsko |
| Zanimanje | psiholog |
Oto Rank (po rođenju Rosenfeld; 22. april 1884 – 31. oktobar 1939) bio je austrijski psihoanalitičar, pisac, i učitelj. Rođen u Beču, on je bio jedan od Sigmund Frojdovih najbližih kolega tokom 20 godina, plodan pisac o psihoanalitičkim temama, urednik dva eminentna analitička časopisa svoje ere, generalni direktor Frojdove izdavačke kuće i kreativni teoretičar i terapeut. Rank je 1926. godine napustio Beč i prešao Pariz, a tokom ostatka života vodio uspešnu karijeru predavača, pisca i terapeuta u Francuskoj i Sjedinjenim Državama.
Godine 1905, u svojoj 21. godini, Oto Rank je predstavio Frojdu kratki manuskript o umetniku, studiju koja je toliko impresionirala Frojda da je pozvao Ranka da postane sekretar nastajućeg Bečkog psihoanalitičkog društva. Rank je tako postao prvi plaćeni član psihoanalitičkog pokreta, i Frojdova „desna ruka” tokom skoro 20 godina. Frojd je smatrao da je Rank, s kojim je intelektualno bio prisniji od svojih sinova, najbriljantniji od njegovih bečkih učenika.
Ohrabren i podržan od strane Frojda, Rank je završio „gimnaziju” ili pripremnu srednju školu za koledž, pohađao Bečki univerzitet, a doktorirao iz oblasti književnosti 1912. Njegova teza, o Loengrinovoj sagi, objavljena je 1911, bila je prva Frojdovanska doktorska disertacija koja je objavljena kao knjiga.
Rank je bio jedan od šest Frojdovih saradnika okupljenih u tajnom „komitetu” ili „prstenu” kaji su nastojali da odbrane psihoanalitički glavni tok, kad se razvila opozicija predvođena Adlerom i Jungom. Rank je bio najplodniji autor u „prstenu” osim samog Frojda, koji je proširio psihoanalitičku teoriju na proučavanje legende, mita, umetnosti i drugih stvaralačkih dela. Blisko je sarađivao sa Frojdom, doprinoseći dva poglavlja o mitu i legendi u Tumačenju Snova. Njegovo ime se pojavljivalo ispod Frojdovog na naslovnoj stranici Frojdovog najvećeg dela od 1914. do 1930. Između 1915. i 1918, Rank je služio kao sekretar Međunarodnog psihoanalitičkog udruženja koje je Fojd osnovao 1910. Svi u malom psihoanalitičkom svetu razumeli su koliko Frojd poštuje Ranga i njegovu plodnu kreativnost u širenju psihoanalitičke teorije. Frojd je objavio u unutrašnjem krugu, prepunom ljubomornih rivala, da je Rank bio „njegov naslednik”.[1]
Rank je 1924. objavio Das Trauma der Geburt (u prevodu Trauma rođenja 1929. godine), istražujući kako su umetnost, mit, religija, filozofija i terapija bili osvetljeni separacionom anksioznošću u „fazi pre razvoja Edipovog kompleksa”. (str. 216). Međutim u Frojdovim teorijama nije postojala takva faza. Edipov kompleks, objasnio je Frojd, bio je jezgro neuroze i temeljni izvor sve umetnosti, mita, religije, filozofije, terapije - zaista cele ljudske kulture i civilizacije. To je bilo prvi put da se bilo ko u unutrašnjem krugu usudio da sugeriše da Edipov kompleks možda nije vrhovni uzročni faktor psihoanalize. Rang je bio prvi koji je koristio izraz „preedipovski” na javnom psihoanalitičkom forumu 1925. godine.[2] U samoanalizi svojih sopstvenih zapisa iz 1930. godine, Rank je primetio da je Melanija Klajn preterano naglasila preedipovski super ego, bez ikakvog spomena o njemu.[3]
- Po datumu prve publikacije
| Godina | Nemački naslov (sadašnje izdanje) | Engleski prevod (sadašnje izdanje) |
|---|---|---|
| 1907 | Der Künstler | The Artist |
| 1909 | Der Mythus von der Geburt des Helden (Turia & Kant. 2000. ISBN 978-3-85132-141-8. pp. ) | The Myth of the Birth of the Hero (Johns Hopkins. 2004. ISBN 978-0-8018-7883-1. pp. ) |
| 1911 | Die Lohengrin Sage [doctoral thesis] | The Lohengrin Saga |
| 1912 | Das Inzest-Motiv in Dichtung und Sage | The Incest Theme in Literature and Legend (Johns Hopkins. 1991. ISBN 978-0-8018-4176-7. pp. ) |
| 1913 | Die Bedeutung der Psychoanalyse fur die Geisteswissenschaften [with Hanns Sachs] | The Significance of Psychoanalysis for the Human Sciences |
| 1914 | "Traum und Dichtung" and "Traum und Mythus" in Sigmund Freud's Die Traumdeutung | The Interpretation of Dreams eds. 4–7: "Dreams and Poetry"; "Dreams and Myth" added to Ch. VI, "The Dream-Work." In Dreaming by the Book L. Marinelli and A. Mayer, Other. 2003. ISBN 978-1-59051-009-4. pp. |
| 1924 | Das Trauma der Geburt (Psychosozial-Verlag. 1998. ISBN 978-3-932133-25-1. pp. ) | The Trauma of Birth, 1929 (Dover. 1994. ISBN 978-0-486-27974-9. pp. ) |
| 1924 | Entwicklungsziele der Psychoanalyse [with Sándor Ferenczi] | The Development of Psychoanalysis / Developmental Goals of Psychoanalysis |
| 1925 | Der Doppelgänger [written 1914] | The Double (Karnac. 1989. ISBN 978-0-946439-58-4. pp. ) |
| 1929 | Wahrheit und Wirklichkeit | Truth and Reality (Norton. 1978. ISBN 978-0-393-00899-9. pp. ) |
| 1930 | (Consists of Volumes II and III of "Technik der Psychoanalyse": Vol. II, "Die Analytische Reaktion in ihren konstruktiven Elementen"; Vol. III, "Die Analyse des Analytikers und seiner Rolle in der Gesamtsituaton". Copyright 1929, 1931 by Franz Deuticke.) | Will Therapy, 1929–31 (First published in English in 1936;reprinted in paperback by Norton. 1978. ISBN 978-0-393-00898-2. pp. ) |
| 1930 | Seelenglaube und Psychologie | Psychology and the Soul (Johns Hopkins. 2003. ISBN 978-0-8018-7237-2. pp. ) |
| 1932 | Kunst und Künstler (Psychosozial-Verlag. 2000. ISBN 978-3-89806-023-3. pp. ) | Art and Artist (Norton. 1989. ISBN 978-0-393-30574-6. pp. ) |
| 1933 | Erziehung und Weltanschauung: Eine Kritik d. psychol. Erziehungs-Ideologie, München: Reinhardt, 1933 | Modern Education |
| 1941 | Beyond Psychology (Dover. 1966. ISBN 978-0-486-20485-7. pp. ) | |
| 1996 | A Psychology of Difference: The American Lectures [talks given 1924–1938; edited and with an introductory essay by Robert Kramer (Princeton. 1996. ISBN 978-0-691-04470-5. pp. ) |
Korespondencija
- Lieberman, E. James and Robert Kramer (eds.) (2012). The Letters of Sigmund Freud and Otto Rank: Inside Psychoanalysis. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. https://www.amazon.com/Letters-Sigmund-Freud-Otto-Rank/dp/1421403544 German ed. "Sigmund Freud und Otto Rank" 2014; French ed., 2015.
Radovi dužne knjige o Otu Ranku.
- Costa, Julio Roberto (2014). To Be More Person: a Reading of Otto Rank.. Amazon Digital Services, Inc. ISBN 978-85-917073-0-0..
- Karpf, Fay Berger (1970). The Psychology and Psychotherapy of Otto Rank: An Historical and Comparative Introduction. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-8371-3029-3..
- Lieberman, E. James (1985). Acts of Will: The Life and Work of Otto Rank. Free Press. ISBN 978-0-684-86327-6.. Updated ed. University of Massachusetts Press, 1993. French translation: La volonté en acte: La vie et l'œvre d'Otto Rank PUF. 1991. ISBN 978-2-13-043306-4. pp. ; German translation Otto Rank: Leben und Werk Psychosozial. 1997. ISBN 978-3-932133-13-8. pp.
- Menaker, Esther (1982). Otto Rank: A Rediscovered Legacy. Columbia University Press.
- Taft, Jessie (1958). Otto Rank: A Biographical Study Based on Notebooks, Letters, Collected Writings, Therapeutic Achievements and Personal Associations. New York: The Julian Press.
Magistarske teze o Ranku.
- Clearwater, Thomas James (1991). Otto Rank's theory of cultural transition (M.A. disertacija). Wilfrid Laurier University.
Žurnalske serije o Ranku.
- Journal of the Otto Rank Association Vols. 1 – 17, 31 issues, 1967–1983, diverse writers, including Otto Rank.
Članci i poglavlja knjiga o Otu Ranku.
- Kramer, Robert (2015). 'I am Boiling with Rage': Why Did Freud Banish Rank?, an article in Psychoanalyse im Widerspruch, Volume 53, pp. 31–43.
- Kramer, Robert (2006). Otto Rank. Edinburgh International Encyclopedia of Psychoanalysis, Ross Skelton (ed.) Edinburgh University Press), pp. 389.
- Kramer, Robert (2003). Why Did Ferenczi and Rank Conclude that Freud Had No More Emotional Intelligence than a Pre-Oedipal Child? In Creative Dissent: Psychoanalysis in Evolution, Claude Barbre, Barry Ulanov, and Alan Roland (eds.), Praeger, Ch.3, pp. 23–36.
- Kramer, Robert (1995). The Birth of Client-Centered Therapy: Carl Rogers, Otto Rank, and 'The Beyond,' an article in Journal of Humanistic Psychology, Volume 35, pp. 54–110. [1]
- Kramer, Robert (1995). The 'Bad Mother' Freud Has Never Seen: Otto Rank and the Birth of Object-Relations Theory, an article in Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Volume 23, pp. 293–321.
- Landy, Robert J. (2008). The Couch and the Stage: Integrating Words and Action in Psychotherapy. Lanham: Jason Aronson, pp. 23–33.
- Lieberman, E. James. (2003) The Evolution of Psychotherapy Since Freud. In Creative Dissent: Psychoanalysis in Evolution, Claude Barbre, Barry Ulanov, and Alan Roland (eds.), Praeger, Ch. 4, pp. 37–44.
- Roazen, Paul and Bluma Swerdloff (eds.) (1995). Heresy: Sandor Rado and the Psychoanalytic Movement. New Jersey: Jason Aronson.
- Sheets-Johnstone, Maxine (2008). The Roots of Morality. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, pp. 63–91.
Dnvevnik Sandor Ferencija.
- The Clinical Diary of Sándor Ferenczi (1988), Editor Judith Dupont, Translator Michael Balint and Nicola Zarday Jackson, Harvard University Press.
Članci ili poglavlja o primeni Rankove psihologije umetnosti na transformativnu akciju učenja, razvoja lidera i organizacijskog učenja.
- Kramer, Robert (2003). Management and Organization Development Through the Lens of Otto Rank and Carl Rogers, Internationale Zeitschrift fűr Sozialpsychologie und Gruppendynamik [Vienna, Austria], Vol. 28, pp. 26–43. (In English.)
- Kramer, Robert (2007). How Might Action Learning Be Used to Develop the Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Capacity of Public Administrators? Journal of Public Affairs Education,13 (2), pp. 205–246.
- Kramer, Robert (2008). Learning How to Learn: Action Learning for Leadership Development. A chapter in Rick Morse (ed.) Innovations in Public Leadership Development. Washington DC: M.E. Sharpe and National Academy of Public Administration, pp. 296–326.
- Kramer, Robert and James Kelly (2010). Transformative Action Learning in the U.S. Government. A chapter in Yuri Boshyk and Robert Dilworth (eds.), Action Learning and Its Applications. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 43–54.
- Kramer, Robert (2012). Otto Rank on Emotional Intelligence, Unlearning and Self-Leadership. American Journal of Psychoanalysis.72, pp. 326–351.
- Kramer, Robert (2016). From Skillset to Mindset: A New Paradigm for Leader Development. Public Administration Issues, Number 5, pp. 125–142.
Druge reference.
- Becker, Ernest (1973). The Denial of Death. New York: The Free Press.
- Becker, Ernest (1975). Escape from Evil. New York: The Free Press.
- Kripal, Jeffrey J. (2007). Esalen: America and the Religion of No Religion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Nin, Anais (1966). The diary of Anaïs Nin: 1931–1934, Volume 1.New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
- Weinstein, Fred (2001). Freud, Psychoanalysis, Social Theory: The Unfulfilled Promise. Albany: State University of New York Press.
- Polster, Erving (1968). A Contemporary Psychotherapy. In Paul David Pursglove (ed.) Recognitions in Gestalt Therapy New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
- OttoRank.com
- The Ernest Becker Foundation
- International Psychoanalytical Association
- Djela čiji je autor Otto Rank na Projektu Gutenberg
- Works by or about Otto Rank at Internet Archive
- Otto Rank na Find a Grave
- The Myth of the Birth of the Hero, at sacred-texts.com
- The myth of the birth of the hero: a psychological interpretation of mythology. English translation by Drs. F. Robbins and Smith Ely Jelliffe, 1914. archive.org.
- The Philosophical Underpinnings of the Work of Otto Rank, at http://juliorobertocosta.com/Arhivirano 2021-05-16 na Wayback Machine-u
