Islamic State o Iraq an the Levant
Appearance
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Islamic State o Iraq an the Levant | |
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الدولة الإسلامية في العراق والشام Pairteecipant in the Sirian Ceevil War, Iraq War (2003–2011), Iraqi insurgency, Iraq War (2014–present), Seicont Libian Ceevil War, Boko Haram insurgency, War in North-Wast Pakistan, War in Afghanistan, Yemeni Ceevil War, an ither conflicts
ad-Dawlah al-Islāmiyah fī 'l-ʿIrāq wa-sh-Shām Primar target o Operation Inherent Resolve an o the militar intervention against ISIL: in Sirie, Iraq, Libie, an Nigerie. | |
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Active | 1999–present
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Ideology | |
Leaders |
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Heidquarters | Ar-Raqqah, Sirie (de facto caipital) |
Aurie o operations | ![]() Militar situation as o November 9, 2016, in the Iraqi, Sirian, an Lebanese conflicts. Controlled bi the Iraqi govrenment Controlled bi the Sirian govrenment Controlled bi the Lebanese govrenment Controlled bi the Islamic State o Iraq an the Levant Controlled bi Iraqi Kurdistan forces Controlled bi Sirian Kurdistan forces Controlled bi Syrian opposeetion forces Controlled by al-Nusra Front Controlled bi Hezbollah Note: Iraq an Sirie contain lairge desert auries wi limited populations. These auries are cairtit as unner the control o forces hauldin roads an touns within them. |
Size | Inside Sirie an Iraq 200,000[24] (Kurdish claim) 100,000[25] (Jihadist claim) 20,000–31,000[26] (CIA estimate) Ootside Sirie an Iraq 32,600–57,900 (See Militar o ISIL for mair detailed estimates.) Estimated tot 52,600–257,900 |
Oreeginatit as | Jamāʻat al-Tawḥīd wa-al-Jihād (1999)[27] |
The Islamic State o Iraq an the Levant (ISIL; Arabic: الدولة الإسلامية في العراق والشام), forby kent as the Islamic State o Iraq an Sirie (ISIS, /ˈaɪsᵻs/) or the Islamic State o Iraq an ash-Sham,[28] Islamic State (IS),[29] or Daesh (داعش, Arabic pronunciation: [ˈdaːʕiʃ]),[30] is a Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militant group an sel-proclaimed Islamic state an caliphate, that is led bi an feckly componed o Sunni Arabs frae Iraq an Sirie.
References
[eedit | eedit soorce]- ↑ Pool, Jeffrey (16 December 2004). "Zarqawi's Pledge of Allegiance to Al-Qaeda: From Mu'Asker Al-Battar, Issue 21". Terrorism Monitor. 2 (24): The Jamestown Foundation. Archived frae the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 30 Julie 2014.
- ↑ "Al-Qaeda disavows ISIS militants in Syria". BBC News. 3 Februar 2014. Retrieved 3 Februar 2014.
- ↑ Holmes, Oliver (3 Februar 2014). "Al Qaeda breaks link with Syrian militant group ISIL". Reuters. Archived frae the original on 25 Juin 2014. Retrieved 6 Julie 2014.
- ↑ "IS announces expansion into AfPak, parts of India". Hindustan Times. Archived frae the original on 14 September 2015. Retrieved 22 Februar 2015.
- ↑ "IS welcomes Boko Haram allegiance: tape". Agence France-Presse. 12 Mairch 2015. Retrieved 12 Mairch 2015.
- ↑ Nima Elbagir, Paul Cruickshank and Mohammed Tawfeeq, CNN (7 Mairch 2015). "Boko Haram purportedly pledges allegiance to ISIS". CNN.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors leet (link)
- ↑ "ISIS Declares Governorate in Russia's North Caucasus Region". Institute for the Study of War. 23 Juin 2015.
- ↑ "Islamic State". Australian National Security. Australian Government. Archived frae the original on 8 Julie 2017. Retrieved 22 Julie 2014.
- ↑ "The Islamic State". Stanford University. 23 Januar 2015. Retrieved 23 Apryle 2015.
- ↑ a b "Islamic State: The Changing Face of Modern Jihadism" (PDF). Quilliam Foundation. November 2014. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 26 Februar 2015. Retrieved 23 Apryle 2015.
- ↑ a b Crooke, Alastair (5 September 2014). "You Can't Understand ISIS If You Don't Know the History of Wahhabism in Saudi Arabia". The Huffington Post.
- ↑ Kirkpatrick, David (24 September 2014). "ISIS Harsh Brand of Islam Is Rooted in Austere Saudi Creed". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 Mey 2015.
- ↑ Rubin, Alissa J. (5 Julie 2014). "Militant Leader in Rare Appearance in Iraq". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 Julie 2014.
- ↑ "Abd al-Rahman Mustafa al-Qaduli". Rewards for Justice. 5 Mey 2015. Archived frae the original on 18 Mey 2015. Retrieved 7 Mey 2015.
- ↑ "ISIS' Abu Alaa al-Afri killed alongside dozens of followers in air strike - Daily Mail Online". Daily Mail. London. 13 Mey 2015. Retrieved 8 Juin 2015.
- ↑ a b Sherlock, Ruth (9 Julie 2014). "Inside the leadership of Islamic State: how the new 'caliphate' is run". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
- ↑ Matt Bradley and Ghassan Adnan in Baghdad, and Felicia Schwartz in Washington (10 November 2014). "Coalition Airstrikes Targeted Islamic State Leaders Near Mosul". The Wall Street Journal.CS1 maint: uises authors parameter (link)
- ↑ a b c "Islamic State Senior Leadership: Whos Who" (PDF). Brookings. 2014. Retrieved 11 Mey 2015.
- ↑ Masi, Alessandria. "If ISIS Leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi Is Killed, Who Is Caliph Of The Islamic State Group?". International Business Times.
- ↑ "ISIS Leadership". Frontline. PBS. 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ↑ "Here's What We Know About the 'Caliph' of the New Islamic State". Business Insider. Agence France-Presse. 29 Juin 2014. Retrieved 18 Julie 2014.
- ↑ "ISIS Spokesman Declares Caliphate, Rebrands Group as Islamic State". SITE Institute. 29 Juin 2014. Archived frae the original on 29 Juin 2014. Retrieved 29 Juin 2014.
- ↑ "Tarkhan Tayumurazovich Batirashvili". Rewards for Justice. 5 Mey 2015. Archived frae the original on 18 Mey 2015. Retrieved 7 Mey 2015.
- ↑ Cockburn, Patrick (16 November 2014). "War with Isis: Islamic militants have army of 200,000, claims senior Kurdish leader". The Independent. London. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
- ↑ "Saddam's former army is secret of Baghdadi's success". Reuters. 16 Juin 2015. Archived frae the original on 3 Julie 2015. Retrieved 1 Julie 2015.
- ↑ "ISIS can 'muster' between 20,000 and 31,500 fighters, CIA says". CNN. 12 September 2014. Retrieved 6 Julie 2015.
- ↑ "The War between ISIS and al-Qaeda for Supremacy of the Global Jihadist Movement" (PDF). Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Juin 2014. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 20 Februar 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
- ↑ Tharoor, Ishaan (18 Juin 2014). "ISIS or ISIL? The debate over what to call Iraq's terror group". The Washington Post. Retrieved 21 Juin 2014.
- ↑ "What is Islamic State?". BBC News. 26 September 2014. Retrieved 9 Mairch 2015.
- ↑ Schwartz, Felica (23 December 2014). "One More Name for Islamic State: Daesh". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
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