Goma ni umurwa mukuru w'intara ya Kivu y'Amajyaruguru mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo . Iherereye ku nkombe yo mu majyaruguru y'Ikiyaga cya Kivu, iruhande rw'umujyi wa Gisenyi wo mu Rwanda . Ikiyaga hamwe ni mijyi yombi iri muri Albertine Rift, ishami ryiburengerazuba bwa sisitemu yo muri Afrika yuburasirazuba . Goma iri muri km 13–18 gusa majyepfo yikirunga cya Nyiragongo . Amateka ya vuba ya Goma yiganjemo ikirunga na jenoside yo mu Rwanda yo mu 1994, ari na yo yongereye Intambara ya mbere n'iya kabiri ya Congo . Nyuma yibi bintu byari bikigira ingaruka ku mujyi no kuwukikije mu 2010. Uyu mujyi wafashwe n’inyeshyamba zo ku March 23 Movement mu gihe cyo kwigomeka kwa M23 mu mpera za 2012, ariko kuva icyo gihe zasubijwe inyuma n’ingabo za leta.
Umupasitori wanduye mu cyorezo cya Ebola cya Kivu kiri cya 2018–2020 muri ako karere byamenyekanye ko hagati muri Nyakanga 2019 ariho yagiye i Goma.
Imitwe yitwara gisirikare y'Abahutu ndetse n'abagize guverinoma y'agateganyo y'Abahutu bari mu mpunzi, maze bagaba ibitero mu nkambi zikikije Goma bagaba igitero ku bwoko bw'Abatutsi bo mu moko ya leta ya Kivus n'u Rwanda ku mupaka. Kubera impamvu za politiki, guverinoma ya Kinshasa y’icyo gihe cya Zayire iyobowe na Joseph Mobutu ntiyigeze ibuza ibyo bitero, bityo leta y’u Rwanda n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo ba Uganda batera inkunga inkunga y’ubumwe bw’ingabo za demokarasi zo kubohoza Zayire, umutwe w’inyeshyamba uyobowe na Laurent Kabila kurwanya Mobutu. Ingabo z'u Rwanda zagabye igitero mu nkambi za Goma, bituma hapfa abantu ibihumbi n'ibihumbi, kandi babifashijwemo n'iza Uganda, Kabila yagiye guhirika ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu mu ntambara ya mbere ya Kongo, yarangiye mu 1997.
Mu gihe cy'umwaka umwe, Kabila yari yatonganye n'abahoze ari inshuti ze, maze mu 1998 guverinoma y'u Rwanda ishyigikira umutwe w'inyeshyamba zishingiye muri Goma urwanya Kabila, imyigaragambyo y'Abanyekongo iharanira demokarasi (RCD, rimwe na rimwe bita RCD-Goma ) ikozwe n'abaturage ba Banyamulenge, ifitanye isano n'Abatutsi. . Bafashe Bukavu n'indi mijyi, Intambara ya Kongo ya kabiri iratangira. Inkambi z'impunzi za Goma, aho Abahutu bari barashinze umutwe witwaje intwaro witwa FDLR (Force Democratic for Liberation of Rwanda), bongeye kwibasirwa n'ingabo za leta y'u Rwanda na RCD.
Intambara ya kabiri ya Kongo ntiyari yarigeze ibaho muri Afurika kubera gutakaza ubuzima bw'abasivili mu bwicanyi n'amahano. Kugeza 2003 Banyamulenge yari yarambiwe intambara kandi amakimbirane yagaragaye hagati yabo nu Rwanda. Mu 2002 na 2003 hagaragaye amahoro yoroheje yumushyikirano hagati yimpande nyinshi zagize uruhare muntambara.
Ikirere cya Goma mu Kwakira 2010Reba amazu muri Goma, 2014
Kuva mu 2003 hagaragaye ihohoterwa ryinshi. Abahutu FDLR bagumye mu mashyamba no mu misozi mu majyaruguru no mu burengerazuba bwa Goma, bagaba ibitero ku mupaka w'u Rwanda no ku Banyamulenge. Ingabo z’ingabo z’igihugu cya Kongo ntizishobora cyangwa ntizishaka kubahagarika, kandi kubera iyo mpamvu u Rwanda rukomeje gushyigikira inyeshyamba za Banyamulenge nka RCD na Jenerali Nkunda, no kugaba ibitero muri Kivu y'Amajyaruguru zikurikirana FDLR. [1]
Muri Nzeri 2007, imirwano nini yatewe ubwoba ko izongera gutangira kubera ko umutwe w'ingabo 8000 w’ingabo za Jenerali Nkunda, ukikije Rutshuru, witandukanije no kwishyira hamwe n’ingabo za Kongo maze utangira kubatera mu mujyi wa Masisi uherereye mu majyaruguru y’iburengerazuba bwa Goma. MONUC ( Inshingano z'umuryango w'abibumbye muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo ) yatangiye gutwara indege ingabo za Kongo muri Goma no kuzimura na kajugujugu kuva ku kibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Goma i Masisi. [1]
Goma
Ku ya 27 Ukwakira 2008, Intambara ya Goma yatangiye mu mujyi hagati y’ingabo za Kongo, zishyigikiwe na MONUC, n’inyeshyamba za CNDP za Nkunda; Impunzi 200.000 zahunze umujyi. Ku ya 3 Ugushyingo 2012 habaye imirwano hagati y'ingabo z'Abanyekongo n'u Rwanda ku mupaka uherereye mu majyaruguru ya Goma. Goma yaje gufatwa n’umutwe wa M23 ku ya 20 Ugushyingo 2012. [2] "Ibihumbi mirongo" by'abasivili bahunze ako karere. Muri Kanama 2019, Minisitiri w’ubuzima Diane Gashumba wo mu Rwanda yatangaje ko abanyeshuri bazahagarika kujya mu ishuri i Goma, umujyi wo muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo wegereye umupaka kubera ubwoba bwa Ebola.
Ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Goma gitanga ingendo zo mu gihugu kandi, guhera mu 2016, indege imwe mpuzamahanga ( Ethiopian Airlines ). Uyu mujyi uri ku mupaka w’u Rwanda kandi umuturanyi wa Gisenyi uhuza Kigali, umurwa mukuru w’u Rwanda, ku mihanda na bisi zisanzwe zigenda hagati yiyi mijyi mu masaha ane. Goma ihujwe na Bukavu na feri, i Butembo, Beni, Bunia na Kisangani haba mu ndege zo mu gihugu cyangwa mu muhanda, kandi bisi zisanzwe ziva Goma zijya muri iyi mijyi. Bifata umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri y'urugendo (muri bisi) kugirango ugere muri iyo mijyi.
Goma yakiriye amahugurwa y'abapadiri gatolika Redemptoris Mater iyobowe na Neocatechumenal Way .
Imihanda yo muri Goma yari imaze imyaka igera kuri 2 isanwa nabi, kandi n’imihanda myinshi yangiritse cyane kubera ibiza bituruka mu birunga. Imihanda myinshi yatangiye kongera kubakwa g1 gusa kuva kumupaka wu Rwanda na 3.5 km (2.2 mi)’abashoramari bo mu Bushinwa, kandi umujyi urimo gusanwa haba n’abashoramari ba Leta n’abikorera ku giti cyabo, ndetse na MONUSCO .
Ku ya 16 Werurwe 2013 Abakorerabushake b'Umuryango w'Abibumbye na MONUSCO bateguye isiganwa rya Tshukudu i Goma.
Gisenyi ku KivuUmujyi rwagati ni 1 gusa kuva kumupaka wu Rwanda na 3.5 km (2.2 mi) kuva hagati ya Gisenyi.
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