UKDriverDeaths | R Documentation |
UKDriverDeaths
is a time series giving the monthly totals
of car drivers in
Great Britain killed or seriously injured Jan 1969 to Dec 1984.
Compulsory wearing of seat belts was introduced on 31 Jan 1983.
Seatbelts
is more information on the same problem.
UKDriverDeaths Seatbelts
Seatbelts
is a multiple time series, with columns
DriversKilled
car drivers killed.
drivers
same as UKDriverDeaths
.
front
front-seat passengers killed or seriously injured.
rear
rear-seat passengers killed or seriously injured.
kms
distance driven.
PetrolPrice
petrol price.
VanKilled
number of van (‘light goods vehicle’) drivers.
law
0/1: was the law in effect that month?
Harvey, A.C. (1989). Forecasting, Structural Time Series Models and the Kalman Filter. Cambridge University Press, pp. 519–523.
Durbin, J. and Koopman, S. J. (2001). Time Series Analysis by State Space Methods. Oxford University Press. http://www.ssfpack.com/dkbook/
Harvey, A. C. and Durbin, J. (1986). The effects of seat belt legislation on British road casualties: A case study in structural time series modelling. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society series A, 149, 187–227. \Sexpr[results=rd,stage=build]{tools:::Rd_expr_doi("10.2307/2981553")}.
require(stats); require(graphics) ## work with pre-seatbelt period to identify a model, use logs work <- window(log10(UKDriverDeaths), end = 1982 11/12) par(mfrow = c(3, 1)) plot(work); acf(work); pacf(work) par(mfrow = c(1, 1)) (fit <- arima(work, c(1, 0, 0), seasonal = list(order = c(1, 0, 0)))) z <- predict(fit, n.ahead = 24) ts.plot(log10(UKDriverDeaths), z$pred, z$pred 2*z$se, z$pred-2*z$se, lty = c(1, 3, 2, 2), col = c("black", "red", "blue", "blue")) ## now see the effect of the explanatory variables X <- Seatbelts[, c("kms", "PetrolPrice", "law")] X[, 1] <- log10(X[, 1]) - 4 arima(log10(Seatbelts[, "drivers"]), c(1, 0, 0), seasonal = list(order = c(1, 0, 0)), xreg = X)
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