ټونگسټن

Tungsten, ₇₄W
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/ˈtʌŋstən/; /ˈwʊlfrəm/ ; TUNG-stən; WUUL-frəm
Alternative name	wolfram
Appearance	grayish white, lustrous
Tungsten په دوراني جدول کې
tantalum ← tungsten → rhenium	‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	74
گروپ, پیریود	group 6, period 6
بلاک	d-block
Element category	transition metal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	3695 K (3422 °C, 6192 °F)
يشنا ټکی	6203 K (5930 °C, 10706 °F)
Density near r.t.	19.25 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	17.6 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	52.31 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	774 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.27 J/(mol·K)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, −1, −2, −4 (a mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.36
Ionization energies	1st: 770 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1700 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 139 pm
Covalent radius	162±7 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	body-centered cubic (bcc) Body-centered cubic crystal structure for tungsten
Speed of sound thin rod	4620 m/s (at r.t.) (annealed)
Thermal expansion	4.5 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	173 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	52.8 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	59.0·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Young's modulus	411 GPa
Shear modulus	161 GPa
Bulk modulus	310 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.28
Mohs hardness	7.5
Vickers hardness	3430–4600 MPa
Brinell hardness	2000–4000 MPa
CAS Number	7440-33-7
History
Discovery	Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1781)
First isolation	Juan José Elhuyar and Fausto Elhuyar (1783)
Named by	Torbern Bergman (1781)
Main isotopes of tungsten
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ټونگسټن (په انگرېزي: Tungsten) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د W سمبول او v۴ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

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سرچينې

↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
↑ کينډۍ:Citeweb
↑ کينډۍ:CRC90
↑ Tolias P. (2017). "Analytical expressions for thermophysical properties of solid and liquid tungsten relevant for fusion applications". arXiv:1703.06302.
↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.

[CIAAW2016-1] Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)

[2] کينډۍ:Citeweb

[CRC90-3] کينډۍ:CRC90

[Tolias-4] Tolias P. (2017). "Analytical expressions for thermophysical properties of solid and liquid tungsten relevant for fusion applications". arXiv:1703.06302.

[5] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[6] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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