Muhammad

Muhammad (Arabic: محمد) ( c 570 CE - 632 CE June 8.) ^[1] ali woyambitsa wa Islam.^[2] Iye chikudziwika ngati "Mtumiki woyela" kwa Asilamu pafupifupi onse amene kuti iyeyo mneneri wotsiriza wotumidwa ndi Mulungu kwa anthu kubwezeretsa Islam.

kubadwa

Muhammad anabadwa pafupifupi 570 CE mu mzinda Arabia wa Mecca. bambo dzina Abdullah ndi mayi dzina Amina.^[3]

Mecca moyo

Ubwana

Atate anamwalira miyezi 6 pamaso Muhammad anabadwa. Ndili ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, Muhammad mayi ake anamwalira Amina.^[4] kufikira zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zakubadwa, Muhammad anali pansi pa woyang'anira wa agogo ake Abdul Muttalib. Mu m'badwo wa achinyamata,Muhammad anayenda ku Syria malonda. Chifukwa cha chikhalidwe kupereka dzina labwino "Al-Amin", kutanthauza "woona mtima ndiponso wokhulupirika," ndi "al-Sadiq," kutanthauza "choonadi".^[5]

vumbulutso loyamba

Pamene iye anali ndi zaka 40, anali maola ambiri mu pemphero ndi kuganiza za chilengedwe.^[6] Muhammad ndi kuganizira chiwawa, chilungamo wamba mwa mitundu kudya. Mu hira phanga mngelo jibril anakaonekera Muhammad. jibril anati "Werengani", koma Muhammad anayankha "sinditha kuwerenga". mngelo kum'gwira iye namfungatira. Muhammad limanena Quranic ndime. Izi ndi vumbulutso loyamba.

Gwero

↑ Elizabeth Goldman (1995), p. 63, gives 8 June 632 CE, the dominant Islamic tradition. Many earlier (mainly non-Islamic) traditions refer to him as still alive at the time of the invasion of Palestine. See Stephen J. Shoemaker,The Death of a Prophet: The End of Muhammad's Life and the Beginnings of Islam,Template:Page needed University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011.
↑ Morgan, Diane (2009). Essential Islam: A Comprehensive Guide to Belief and Practice. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-313-36025-1. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
↑
* Conrad, Lawrence I. (1987). "Abraha and Muhammad: some observations apropos of chronology and literary topoi in the early Arabic historical tradition1". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 50 (2): 225–40. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00049016. Archived from the original on 2012-01-21. Retrieved 2017-03-06.
- Sherrard Beaumont Burnaby (1901). Elements of the Jewish and Muhammadan calendars: with rules and tables and explanatory notes on the Julian and Gregorian calendars. G. Bell. p. 465.
- Hamidullah, Muhammad (February 1969). "The Nasi', the Hijrah Calendar and the Need of Preparing a New Concordance for the Hijrah and Gregorian Eras: Why the Existing Western Concordances are Not to be Relied Upon" (PDF). The Islamic Review & Arab Affairs: 6–12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-11-05. Retrieved 2017-03-06.
↑ Watt, Amina, Encyclopaedia of Islam
↑ Watt (1974), p. 8.
↑ Shibli Nomani. Sirat-un-Nabi. Vol 1 Lahore

[Goldman-1] Elizabeth Goldman (1995), p. 63, gives 8 June 632 CE, the dominant Islamic tradition. Many earlier (mainly non-Islamic) traditions refer to him as still alive at the time of the invasion of Palestine. See Stephen J. Shoemaker,The Death of a Prophet: The End of Muhammad's Life and the Beginnings of Islam,Template:Page needed University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011.

[2] Morgan, Diane (2009). Essential Islam: A Comprehensive Guide to Belief and Practice. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-313-36025-1. Retrieved 4 July 2012.

[abraha-3] * Conrad, Lawrence I. (1987). "Abraha and Muhammad: some observations apropos of chronology and literary topoi in the early Arabic historical tradition1". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 50 (2): 225–40. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00049016. Archived from the original on 2012-01-21. Retrieved 2017-03-06.
Sherrard Beaumont Burnaby (1901). Elements of the Jewish and Muhammadan calendars: with rules and tables and explanatory notes on the Julian and Gregorian calendars. G. Bell. p. 465.

Hamidullah, Muhammad (February 1969). "The Nasi', the Hijrah Calendar and the Need of Preparing a New Concordance for the Hijrah and Gregorian Eras: Why the Existing Western Concordances are Not to be Relied Upon" (PDF). The Islamic Review & Arab Affairs: 6–12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-11-05. Retrieved 2017-03-06.

[4] Sherrard Beaumont Burnaby (1901). Elements of the Jewish and Muhammadan calendars: with rules and tables and explanatory notes on the Julian and Gregorian calendars. G. Bell. p. 465.

[5] Hamidullah, Muhammad (February 1969). "The Nasi', the Hijrah Calendar and the Need of Preparing a New Concordance for the Hijrah and Gregorian Eras: Why the Existing Western Concordances are Not to be Relied Upon" (PDF). The Islamic Review & Arab Affairs: 6–12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-11-05. Retrieved 2017-03-06.

[4] Watt, Amina, Encyclopaedia of Islam

[Watt8-5] Watt (1974), p. 8.

[Shibli1-6] Shibli Nomani. Sirat-un-Nabi. Vol 1 Lahore

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