Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof, (1859-1917), Polish ophthalmologist and philologist and inventor -- or, as he would prefer, initiator -- of Esperanto, the most widely spoken artificial language to date. His native language was Russian, but he also spoke Polish and German fluently. Later he learned French, Latin, Greek, Hebrew and English, but he also had an interest for Yiddish, Italian, Spanish and Lithuanian.
External link:
- Biography of Zamenhof (in Esperanto)