Isotopen van goud
Het chemisch element goud (Au), met een atoommassa van 196,966569(4) u, bezit 1 stabiele isotoop: 197Au. Het is tevens de enige in de natuur voorkomende isotoop van dit element, waardoor het valt onder de mononuclidische elementen. Goud is daarmee het zwaarste mononuclidisch element. De 36 radio-isotopen zijn onstabiel en hebben een relatief korte halfwaardetijd (de meeste minder dan een seconde).
De kortstlevende isotoop van goud is 171Au, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 30 microseconden. De langstlevende is 195Au, met een halfwaardetijd van 186 dagen.
Overzicht
[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]| Nuclide | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopische massa (u) | Halveringstijd | Radioactief verval | VP | Kernspin | Isotopische verhouding (molfractie) |
Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitatie-energie | |||||||||
| 169Au | 79 | 90 | 168,99808(32) | 150 µs | 1/2 | ||||
| 170Au | 79 | 91 | 169,99612(22) | 310(50) µs | (2−) | ||||
| 170mAu | 275(14) keV | 630(60) µs | (9 ) | ||||||
| 171Au | 79 | 92 | 170,991879(28) | 30(5) µs | p | 170Pt | (1/2 ) | ||
| α (zelden) | 167Ir | ||||||||
| 171mAu | 250(16) keV | 1,014(19) ms | α (54%) | 167Ir | 11/2− | ||||
| p (46%) | 170Pt | ||||||||
| 172Au | 79 | 93 | 171,99004(17) | 4,7(11) ms | α (98%) | 168Ir | |||
| p (2%) | 171Pt | ||||||||
| 173Au | 79 | 94 | 172,986237(28) | 25(1) ms | α | 169Ir | (1/2 ) | ||
| β (zelden) | 173Pt | ||||||||
| 173mAu | 214(23) keV | 14,0(9) ms | α (96%) | 169Ir | (11/2−) | ||||
| β (4%) | 173Pt | ||||||||
| 174Au | 79 | 95 | 173,98476(11) | 139(3) ms | α | 170Ir | |||
| β (zelden) | 174Pt | ||||||||
| 174mAu | 360(70) keV | 171(29) ms | |||||||
| 175Au | 79 | 96 | 174,98127(5) | 100 ms | α (82%) | 171Ir | 1/2 | ||
| β (18%) | 175Pt | ||||||||
| 175mAu | 200(30) keV | 156(3) ms | α | 171Ir | 11/2− | ||||
| β | 175Pt | ||||||||
| 176Au | 79 | 97 | 175,98010(11) | 1,08(17) s | α (60%) | 172Ir | (5−) | ||
| β (40%) | 176Pt | ||||||||
| 176mAu | 150(100) keV | 860(160) ms | (7 ) | ||||||
| 177Au | 79 | 98 | 176,976865(14) | 1,462(32) s | β (60%) | 177Pt | (1/2 , 3/2 ) | ||
| α (40%) | 173Ir | ||||||||
| 177mAu | 216(26) keV | 1,180(12) s | 11/2− | ||||||
| 178Au | 79 | 99 | 177,97603(6) | 2,6(5) s | β (60%) | 178Pt | |||
| α (40%) | 174Ir | ||||||||
| 179Au | 79 | 100 | 178,973213(18) | 7,1(3) s | β (78%) | 179Pt | 5/2− | ||
| α (22%) | 175Ir | ||||||||
| 179mAu | 99(16) keV | (11/2−) | |||||||
| 180Au | 79 | 101 | 179,972521(23) | 8,1(3) s | β (98,2%) | 180Pt | |||
| α (1,8%) | 176Ir | ||||||||
| 181Au | 79 | 102 | 180,970079(21) | 13,7(14) s | β (97,3%) | 181Pt | (3/2−) | ||
| α (2,7%) | 177Ir | ||||||||
| 182Au | 79 | 103 | 181,969618(22) | 15,5(4) s | β (99,87%) | 182Pt | (2 ) | ||
| α (0,13%) | 178Ir | ||||||||
| 183Au | 79 | 104 | 182,967593(11) | 42,8(10) s | β (99,2%) | 183Pt | 5/2− | ||
| α (0,8%) | 179Ir | ||||||||
| 183m1Au | 73,3(4) keV | > 1 µs | 1/2 | ||||||
| 183m2Au | 230,6(6) keV | < 1 µs | 11/2− | ||||||
| 184Au | 79 | 105 | 183,967452(24) | 20,6(9) s | β | 184Pt | 5 | ||
| 184mAu | 68,46(1) keV | 47,6(14) s | β (70%) | 184Pt | 2 | ||||
| IT (30%) | 184Au | ||||||||
| α (0,013%) | 180Ir | ||||||||
| 185Au | 79 | 106 | 184,965789(28) | 4,25(6) min | β (99,74%) | 185Pt | 5/2− | ||
| α (0,26%) | 181Ir | ||||||||
| 185mAu | 100(100) keV | 6,8(3) min | 1/2 | ||||||
| 186Au | 79 | 107 | 185,965953(23) | 10,7(5) min | β (99,9992%) | 186Pt | 3− | ||
| α (8 × 10−4%) | 182Ir | ||||||||
| 186mAu | 227,77(7) keV | 110(10) ns | 2 | ||||||
| 187Au | 79 | 108 | 186,964568(27) | 8,4(3) min | β (99,997%) | 187Pt | 1/2 | ||
| α (0,003%) | 183Ir | ||||||||
| 187mAu | 120,51(16) keV | 2,3(1) s | IT | 187Au | 9/2− | ||||
| 188Au | 79 | 109 | 187,965324(22) | 8,84(6) min | β | 188Pt | 1− | ||
| 189Au | 79 | 110 | 188,963948(22) | 28,7(3) min | β (99,9997%) | 189Pt | 1/2 | ||
| α (3 × 10−4%) | 185Ir | ||||||||
| 189m1Au | 247,23(16) keV | 4,59(11) min | β | 189Pt | 11/2− | ||||
| IT (zelden) | 189Au | ||||||||
| 189m2Au | 325,11(16) keV | 190(15) ns | 9/2− | ||||||
| 189m3Au | 2554,7(12) keV | 242(10) ns | 31/2 | ||||||
| 190Au | 79 | 111 | 189,964700(17) | 42,8(10) min | β | 190Pt | 1- | ||
| α (10−6%) | 186Ir | ||||||||
| 190mAu | 200(150) keV | 125(20) ms | IT | 190Au | 11− | ||||
| β (zelden) | 190Pt | ||||||||
| 191Au | 79 | 112 | 190,96370(4) | 3,18(8) uur | β | 191Pt | 3/2 | ||
| 191m1Au | 266,2(5) keV | 920(110) ms | IT | 191Au | (11/2−) | ||||
| 191m2Au | 2490(1) keV | > 400 ns | |||||||
| 192Au | 79 | 113 | 191,964813(17) | 4,94(9) uur | β | 192Pt | 1− | ||
| 192m1Au | 135,41(25) keV | 29 ms | IT | 192Au | 5 | ||||
| 192m2Au | 431,6(5) keV | 160(20) ms | (11−) | ||||||
| 193Au | 79 | 114 | 192,964150(11) | 17,65(15) uur | β (100%) | 193Pt | 3/2 | ||
| α (10−5%) | 189It | ||||||||
| 193m1Au | 290,19(3) keV | 3,9(3) s | IT (99,97%) | 193Au | 11/2− | ||||
| β (0,03%) | 193Pt | ||||||||
| 193m2Au | 2486,5(6) keV | 150(50) ns | (31/2 ) | ||||||
| 194Au | 79 | 115 | 193,965365(11) | 38,02(10) uur | β | 194Pt | 1− | ||
| 194m1Au | 107,4(5) keV | 600(8) ms | IT | 194Au | (5 ) | ||||
| 194m2Au | 475,8(6) keV | 420(10) ms | (11−) | ||||||
| 195Au | 79 | 116 | 194,9650346(14) | 186,098(47) d | EV | 195Pt | 3/2 | ||
| 195mAu | 318,58(4) keV | 30,5(2) s | IT | 195Au | 11/2− | ||||
| 196Au | 79 | 117 | 195,966570(3) | 6,1669(6) dagen | β (93,05%) | 196Pt | 2− | ||
| β− (6,95%) | 196Hg | ||||||||
| 196m1Au | 84,660(20) keV | 8,1(2) s | IT | 196Au | 5 | ||||
| 196m2Au | 595,66(4) keV | 9,6(1) uur | 12− | ||||||
| 197Au | 79 | 118 | 196,9665687(6) | stabiel | 3/2 | 1,0000 | |||
| 197mAu | 409,15(8) keV | 7,73(6) s | IT | 197Au | 11/2− | ||||
| 198Au | 79 | 119 | 197,9682423(6) | 2,69517(21) dagen | β− | 198Hg | 2− | ||
| 198m1Au | 312,2200(20) keV | 124(4) ns | 5 | ||||||
| 198m2Au | 811,7(15) keV | 2,27(2) dagen | IT | 198Au | (12−) | ||||
| 199Au | 79 | 120 | 198,9687652(6) | 3,139(7) dagen | β− | 199Hg | 3/2 | ||
| 199mAu | 548,9368(21) keV | 440(30) µs | 11/2− | ||||||
| 200Au | 79 | 121 | 199,97073(5) | 48,4(3) min | β− | 200Hg | 1− | ||
| 200mAu | 970(70) keV | 18,7(5) uur | β− (82%) | 200Hg | 12− | ||||
| IT (18%) | 200Au | ||||||||
| 201Au | 79 | 122 | 200,971657(3) | 26(1) min | β− | 201Hg | 3/2 | ||
| 202Au | 79 | 123 | 201,97381(18) | 28,8(19) s | β− | 202Hg | (1−) | ||
| 203Au | 79 | 124 | 202,975155(3) | 53(2) s | β− | 203Hg | 3/2 | ||
| 204Au | 79 | 125 | 203,97772(22) | 39,8(9) s | β− | 204Hg | (2−) | ||
| 205Au | 79 | 126 | 204,97987(32) | 31(2) s | β− | 205Hg | 3/2 | ||
Overzicht van isotopen per element
[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]| 1 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | 2 | Periodiek systeem | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | He | |||||||||
| 2 | Li | Be | De links verwijzen naar isotopen per element | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | |||||||||
| 3 | Na | Mg | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar |
| 4 | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
| 5 | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe |
| 6 | Cs | Ba | ↓ | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn |
| 7 | Fr | Ra | ↓↓ | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
| Lanthaniden | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||
| Actiniden | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | |||
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
- (en) R.B. Firestone, S.Y. Frank Chu & C.M. Baglin (1999) - Table of Isotopes (online versie van de cd-rom)
- (en) G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot & O. Bersillon (2003) - The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuclear Physics A, 729, pp. 3-128
- (en) J.R. de Laeter, J.K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H.S. Peiser, K.J.R. Rosman & P.D.P. Taylor (2003) - Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75 (6), pp. 683–800
- (en) M.E. Wieser (2006) - Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 78 (11), pp. 2051–2066
- (en) David R. Lide (2004) - CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.), hoofdstuk 11, CRC Press - ISBN 978-0849304859
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