Paucituberculata

Paucituberculata; Firxa tal-fossili: Oligocene - Reċenti
Klassifikazzjoni xjentifika
Renju:	Animalia;
Phylum:	Chordata;
Sottophylum:	Vertebrata;
Klassi:	Mammalia;
Infraklassi:	Metatheria;
Superordni:	Ameridelphia;
Ordni:	Paucituberculata; (Ameghino, 1894)
Familja estanti
	Caenolestidae;
	Firxa ta' l-ordni Paucituberculata

Il-Paucituberculata (Pawċituberkulata) huwa ordni ta' mammiferi marsupjali, dawk l-ispeċijiet estanti li ġeneralment jissejħu opossumi bugdiedem jew opossumi firien. Dan qiegħed ikklassifikat fil-klassi Mammalia, fis-sottoklassi Theria, fl-infraklassi Metatheria u fis-superordni Ameridelphia. Il-Paucituberculata għandu familja waħda biss b' rappreżentanti ħajjin, il-familja Caenolestidae u fiha hemm miġburin 3 ġeneri (Caenolestes, Lestoros u Rhyncholestes), li bejniethom għandhom 7 speċijiet ħajjin.

Dan l-ordni miljuni ta' snin ilu kien ħafna akbar fin-numru ta' ġeneri u speċijiet u b' ħafna aktar varjeta kemm fid-daqs kif ukoll fil-morfoloġija u fit-tip ta' niċeċ okkupati minnhom.

Il-Paucituberculata flimkien ma' l-ordni Didelphimorphia u l-ordni estint Sparassodonta, jiffurmaw is-superordni Ameridelphia il-marsupjali Amerikani (dan ta' laħħar jiġbor fiħ il-marsupjali kollha tal-kontinenti Amerikani b' eċċezzjoni tal-kolokolo li jagħmel parti mill-grupp tal-marsupjali Awstraljani).

(għal aktar informazzjoni ara l-artiklu Opossum bugeddum)

Lista tal-ispeċijiet ħajjin tal-ordni Paucituberculata

Ordni Paucituberculata
- Sottordni Caenolestoidea
  - Familja Caenolestidae
    - Sottofamilja Caenolestinae

Tassonomija tal-ordni Paucituberculata

Stampa:Ir-ras ta' skeletru ta' opossum ġurdiem ta' geddumu twil.jpg

Ir-ras ta' skeletru ta' opossum ġurdiem ta' geddumu twil

Ordni Paucituberculata (Ameghino, 1894)
- Sottordni †Caenolestoidea
  - Familja †Carolopaulacoutoiidae
    - Ġeneru †Carolopaulacoutoia (McKenna & Bell, 1997)
      - †Carolopaulacoutoia itaboraiensis (Paula Couto, 1970)
  - Familja Caenolestidae
    - Sottofamilja †Pichipilinae
      - Ġeneru †Pichipilus (Ameghino, 1890)
        †Pichipilus centinelus (Marshall and Pascual, 1977)
        
        †Pichipilus exilis
        
        †Pichipilus halleuxi
        
        †Pichipilus osborni (Ameghino, 1890)
        
        †Pichipilus rigssi
      - Ġeneru †Phonocdromus (Ameghino, 1894)
        †Phonocdromus gracilis
        
        †Phonocdromus patagonicus
      - Ġeneru †Pliolestes (Reig, 1955)
        †Pliolestes tripotamicus (Reig, 1955)
    - Sottofamilja Caenolestinae
      - Ġeneru Caenolestes (Thomas, 1895)
        Caenolestes caniventer (Anthony, 1921)
        
        Caenolestes condorensis (Albuja & Patterson, 1996)
        
        Caenolestes convelatus (Anthony, 1924)
        
        Caenolestes fuliginosus (Tomes, 1863)
        
        Caenolestes sangay
        
        †Caenolestes judithae
        
        †Caenolestes minor
      - Ġeneru Lestoros (Oehser, 1934)
        Lestoros inca (Thomas, 1917)
      - Ġeneru †Pseudhalmarhiphus (Ameghino, 1903)
        †Pseudhalmarhiphus guaraniticus (Ameghino, 1903)
      - Ġeneru Rhyncholestes (Osgood, 1924)
        Rhyncholestes raphanurus (Osgood, 1924)
      - Ġeneru †Stilotherium (Ameghino, 1887)
        †Stilotherium dissimile
  - Familja †Palaeothentidae
    - Sottofamilja Incertae sedis
      - Ġeneru †Hondathentes (Bown & Dumont, 1993)
        †Hondathentes cazador (Bown & Dumont, 1993)
    - Sottofamilja †Acdestinae
      - Ġeneru †Acdestis (Ameghino, 1887)
        †Acdestis columnaris
        
        †Acdestis gracilis
        
        †Acdestis lemairei
        
        †Acdestis ligatus
        
        †Acdestis maddeni (Anaya-Daza & Goin & Kay & Sánchez-Villagra & Takai, 2003)
        
        †Acdestis obusta
        
        †Acdestis oweni
        
        †Acdestis robustus
        
        †Acdestis spegazinii
      - Ġeneru †Acdestodon (Bown & Fleagle, 1993)
        †Acdestodon bonapartei (Bown & Fleagle, 1993)
      - Ġeneru †Acdestoides (Bown & Fleagle, 1993)
        †Acdestoides bonapartei
        
        †Acdestoides praecursor (Bown & Fleagle, 1993) Acdestis praecursor?
      - Ġeneru †Trelewthentes (Bown & Fleagle, 1993)
        †Trelewthentes rothi (Bown & Fleagle, 1993)
    - Sottofamilja †Palaeothentinae
      - Ġeneru †Carlothentes (Bown & Fleagle, 1993)
        †Carlothentes chubutensis (Bown & Fleagle, 1993)
      - Ġeneru †Palaeothentes (Ameghino, 1887)
        †Palaeothentes aratae
        
        †Palaeothentes intermedius
        
        †Palaeothentes lemoinei
        
        †Palaeothentes marshalli
        
        †Palaeothentes migueli
        
        †Palaeothentes minutus
        
        †Palaeothentes pascuali
        
        †Palaeothentes primus
      - Ġeneru †Pilchenia (Ameghino, 1903)
        †Pilchenia lucina (Ameghino, 1903)
      - Ġeneru †Propalaeothentes (Bown & Fleagle, 1993)
        †Propalaeothentes hatcheri
        
        †Propalaeothentes lepidus
      - Ġeneru †Titanothentes (Bown & Fleagle & Rae, 1996)
        †Titanothentes simpsoni (Bown & Fleagle & Rae, 1996)
  - Familja †Abderitidae (Ameghino, 1889)
    - Ġeneru †Pitheculites (Ameghino, 1902)
      - †Pitheculites chenche (Dumont & Bown 1997)
      - †Pitheculites minimus (Ameghino, 1902)
      - †Pitheculites rothi (Marshall 1990)
    - Ġeneru †Abderites (Ameghino, 1887)
      - †Abderites meridionalis (Ameghino, 1887)
      - †Abderites pristinus (Marshall, 1976)
- Sottordni †Polydolopimorphia (Marshall et al., 1990)
  - Infrordni Incertae sedis
    - Familja †Protodidelphidae
      - Ġeneru †Bobbschaefferia (Paula Couto, 1970)
        †Bobbschaefferia fluminensis (Paula Couto, 1970)
      - Ġeneru †Carolocoutoia (Candela & Goin & Olivier, 1998)
        †Carolocoutoia ferigoloi (Candela & Goin & Olivier, 1998)
      - Ġeneru †Guggenheimia (Paula Couto, 1952)
        †Guggenheimia brasiliensis (Paula Couto, 1952)
      - Ġeneru †Protodidelphis (Paula Couto, 1952)
        †Protodidelphis vanzolinii (Paula Couto, 1952)
      - Ġeneru †Reigia (Pascual, 1983)
        †Reigia punae (Pascual, 1983)
      - Ġeneru †Zeusdelphys (Marshall, 1982)
        †Zeusdelphys complicatus (Marshall, 1982)
  - Infrordni †Polydolopoidea (Ameghino, 1897)
    - Familja Incertae sedis
      - Ġeneru †Palangania (Bond & Candela & Escribano & Goin & Pascual, 1998)
        †Palangania brandmayri (Bond & Candela & Escribano & Goin & Pascual, 1998)
    - Familja †Sillustaniidae
      - Ġeneru †Sillustania (Crochet & Sigé, 1996)
        †Sillustania quechuense (Crochet & Sigé, 1996)
    - Familja †Bonapartheriidae
      - Ġeneru †Bonapartherium (Pascual, 1980)
        †Bonapartherium hinakusijum (Pascual, 1980)
        
        †Bonapartherium serrensis (Goin, Candela & Lopez 1998)
    - Familja †Prepidolopidae
      - Ġeneru †Prepidolops (Pascual, 1980)
        †Prepidolops alonsoi (Pascual, 1983)
        
        †Prepidolops didelphoides (Pascual, 1986)
        
        †Prepidolops molinai (Pascual, 1981)
      - Ġeneru †Rosendolops (Candela & Goin, 1996)
        †Rosendolops primigenium (Candela & Goin, 1996)
      - Ġeneru †Seumandia (Simpson, 1935)
        †Seumandia yapa (Simpson, 1935)
    - Familja †Polydolopidae (Ameghino, 1897)
      - Sottofamilja †Parabderitinae (Marshall, 1980)
        Ġeneru †Parabderites (Ameghino, 1902)
        †Parabderites bicrispatus
        
        †Parabderites minusculus (Ameghino, 1902)
        
        †Parabderites trisulcatus
      - Sottofamilja †Polydolopinae (Ameghino, 1897)
        Ġeneru †Amphidolops (Ameghino, 1902)
        †Amphidolops serrula (Ameghino, 1902)
        
        †Amphidolops yapa (Simpson, 1935)
        
        Ġeneru †Antarctodolops
        †Antarctodolops dailyi
        
        Ġeneru †Epidolops (Paula Couto, 1952)
        †Epidolops ameghinoi (Paula Couto, 1952)
        
        Ġeneru †Eudolops (Ameghino, 1902)
        †Eudolops hernandezi
        
        †Eudolops tetragonus
        
        Ġeneru †Eurydolops (Case & Chaney & Woodburne, 1988)
        †Eurydolops seymourensis (Case & Chaney & Woodburne, 1988)
        
        Ġeneru †Polydolops (Ameghino, 1897)
        †Polydolops abanicoi (Flynn & Wiss, 1999)
        
        †Polydolops clavulus
        
        †Polydolops dailyi (Woodburne & Zinsmeister, 1984)
        
        †Polydolops kamektsen (Simpson, 1935)
        
        †Polydolops mayoi
        
        †Polydolops mckennai (Flynn & Wiss, 2004)
        
        †Polydolops rothi Simpson, 1935)
        
        †Polydolops serra
        
        †Polydolops thomasi (Ameghino, 1897)
        
        †Polydolops winecage (Simpson, 1935)
        
        Ġeneru †Pseudolops (Ameghino, 1902)
        †Pseudolops princeps (Ameghino, 1902)
        
        Ġeneru †Roberthoffstetteria (Marshall & De Muizon & Sigé, 1983)
        †Roberthoffstetteria nationalgeographica (Marshall & De Muizon & Sigé, 1983)
  - Infrordni †Simpsonitheria
    - Superfamilja †Argyrolagoidea
      - Familja †Gashterniidae
        Ġeneru †Gashternia (Simpson, 1935)
        †Gashternia ctalehor (Simpson, 1935)
      - Familja †Argyrolagidae
        Ġeneru †Argyrolagus (Ameghino, 1904)
        †Argyrolagus palmeri
        
        †Argyrolagus parodii
        
        †Argyrolagus scagliai
        
        Ġeneru †Hondalagus (Marshall & Villaroel, 1988)
        †Hondalagus altiplanensis (Marshall & Villaroel, 1988)
        
        Ġeneru †Microtragulus (Ameghino, 1904)
        †Microtragulus argentinus
        
        †Microtragulus bolivianus
        
        †Microtragulus catamarcensis
        
        †Microtragulus reigi
      - Ġeneru †Proargyrolagus (Wolff, 1984)
        †Proargyrolagus bolivianus (Wolff, 1984)
      - Familja †Groeberiidae
        Sottofamilja †Groeberiinae
        Ġeneru †Groeberia (Patterson, 1952)
        †Groeberia minoprioi (Patterson, 1952)
        
        †Groeberia pattersoni (Simpson, 1970)
        
        Sottofamilja †Patagoniinae
        Ġeneru †Patagonia (Charlini & Pascual, 1987)
        †Patagonia peregrina (Charlini & Pascual, 1987)
        
        Ġeneru †Klohnia (Flynn & Wyss, 1999)
        †Klohnia charrieri (Flynn & Wyss, 1999)
    - Superfamilja †Caroloameghinioidea
      - Familja †Glasbiidae
        Ġeneru †Glasbius (Clemens, 1966)
        †Glasbius intricatus (Clemens, 1966)
        
        †Glasbius twitchelli (Archibald, 1982)
      - Familja †Caroloameghiniidae
        Ġeneru †Caroloameghinia (Ameghino, 1901)
        †Caroloameghinia tenuis (Ameghino, 1901)
        
        Ġeneru †Chulpasia (Crochet & Sigé, 1993)
        †Chulpasia mattaueri (Crochet & Sigé, 1993)
        
        Ġeneru †Procaroloameghinia (Marshall, 1982)
        †Procaroloameghinia pricei (Marshall, 1982)
        
        Ġeneru †Robertbutleria (Marshall, 1987)
        †Robertbutleria mastodontoidea (Marshall, 1987)

† jindika estinzjoni

Ara ukoll

Referenzi

Aplin, K. P., and M. Archer. 1987. Recent advances in marsupial systematics with a new syncretic classification. Pp. xv-lxxii in Archer, M. (ed.), Possums and Opossums: Studies in Evolution, Vol. I. Surrey Beatty and Sons PTY Limited, Chipping Norton. lxxii 400 pp.
Carroll, R. L. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. W. H. Freeman and Co., New York. xiv 698 pp.
Feldhamer, G. A., L. C. Drickamer, S. H. Vessey, and J. F. Merritt. 1999. Mammalogy. Adaptation, Diversity, and Ecology. WCB McGraw-Hill, Boston. xii 563pp.
Gardner, Alfred (November 16, 2005). Wilson, D. E., and Reeder, D. M. (eds) Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, 19-20. ISBN 0-801-88221-4
Marshall, L. G. 1984. Monotremes and marsupials. Pp 59-115 in Anderson, S. and J. Knox Jones, eds, Orders and Families of Recent Mammals of the World. John Wiley and Sons, NY. xii 686 pp.
Vaughan, T. A. 1986. Mammalogy. Third Edition. Saunders College Publishing, Fort Worth. vi 576 pp.
Vaughan, T. A., J. M. Ryan, N. J. Czaplewski. 2000. Mammalogy. Fourth Edition. Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia. vii 565pp.
Wilson, D. E., and D. M. Reeder. 1993. Mammal Species of the World, A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 2nd edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington. xviii 1206 pp.

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