Yakobus, anak Alfeus
| James the Lesser | |
|---|---|
 St James the Minor by Peter Paul Rubens (1613) | |
| Apostle and Martyr | |
| Lahir | c. 1st century AD Galilee, Judaea, Roman Empire |
| Meninggal | c. 62 AD Jerusalem, Judaea, Roman Empire or Aegyptus, Roman Empire |
| Dihormati oleh | All Christian denominations that venerate saints |
| Hari perayaan | 1 May (Anglican Communion), May 3 (Roman Catholic Church), 9 October (Eastern Orthodox Church) |
| Atribut | Carpenter's saw; fuller's club |
| Naungan | Apothecaries; druggists; dying people; Frascati, Italy; fullers; milliners; Monterotondo, Italy; pharmacists; Uruguay[1] |
sunting  | |
Yakobus, anak Alfeus ( Bahasa Yunani : Ἰάκωβος, Iakōbos ; Aram : ܝܥܩܘܒ ܒܪ ܚܠܦܝ; [2] Ibrani: יעקב בן חלפי Ya'akov ben Halfai; Bahasa Qibti: ⲓⲁⲕⲱⲃⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲁⲗⲫⲉⲟⲥ; Arab: يعقوب بن حلفى, rumi: Ya'qūb bin Halfā ) adalah salah seorang daripada Dua Belas Rasul Yesus, yang muncul di bawah nama ini dalam ketiga-tiga senarai para rasul dalam Injil Sinoptik . Dia secara umumnya dikenal pasti dengan James the Less (Greek Ἰάκωβος ὁ μικρός</link> Iakōbos ho mikros, Markus 15:40 ) dan biasa dikenali dengan nama itu dalam tradisi gereja. Dia juga dilabel "yang kecil", "yang kecil", "yang lebih kecil", atau "yang lebih muda", menurut terjemahan. Dia berbeza daripada Yakobus, anak Zebedeus dan dalam beberapa tafsiran juga daripada Yakobus, saudara Yesus (Yakobus yang Adil). [3] Dia muncul hanya empat kali dalam Perjanjian Baru, setiap kali dalam senarai dua belas rasul. [4]
identiti
[sunting | sunting sumber]Kemungkinan identiti dengan James the Less
[sunting | sunting sumber]Yakobus, anak Alfeus sering dikaitkan dengan Yakobus Kecil, yang hanya disebut empat kali dalam Alkitab, setiap kali berkaitan dengan ibunya. ( Mark 15:40Template:Bibleverse with invalid book ) merujuk kepada "Maria ibu Yakobus yang lebih muda dan Joses ", manakala ( Mark 16:1Template:Bibleverse with invalid book ) dan ( Matius 27:56 ) merujuk kepada "Maria ibu Yakobus".
Memandangkan sudah ada satu lagi Yakobus (Yakobus, anak Zebedeus) di antara dua belas rasul, menyamakan Yakobus anak Alfeus dengan "Yakobus yang Kecil" masuk akal. (Yakobus anak Zebedeus kadangkala dipanggil "Yakobus Yang Lebih Besar").
Jerome mengenal pasti James, anak Alpheus dengan James the Less yang menulis dalam karyanya yang berjudul The Perpetual Virginity of Blessed Mary sebagai berikut:
Do you intend the comparatively unknown James the Less, who is called in Scripture the son of Mary, not however of Mary the mother of our Lord, to be an apostle, or not? If he is an apostle, he must be the son of Alphæus and a believer in Jesus, "For neither did his brethren believe in him."
The only conclusion is that the Mary who is described as the mother of James the Less was the wife of Alphæus and sister of Mary the Lord's mother, the one who is called by John the Evangelist "Mary of Clopas".[5]
Papias dari Hierapolis, yang hidup sekitar 70–163 AD, dalam serpihan karyanya Exposition of the Sayings of the Lord yang masih hidup menceritakan bahawa Maria, isteri Alfeus ialah ibu kepada Yakobus Kecil:
Mary, mother of James the Less and Joseph, wife of Alphaeus was the sister of Mary the mother of the Lord, whom John names of Cleophas, either from her father or from the family of the clan, or for some other reason.[6]
Oleh itu, Yakobus, anak Alfeus akan sama dengan Yakobus Kecil.
Sarjana Alkitab moden berpecah tentang sama ada pengenalan ini betul. John Paul Meier mendapati ia tidak mungkin. [7] Di kalangan evangelis, New Bible Dictionary menyokong pengenalan tradisional, [8] manakala Don Carson [9] dan Darrell Bock [10] kedua-duanya menganggap pengenalan itu mungkin, tetapi tidak pasti.
- ^ Catholic Forum Patron Saints Index: James the Lesser Diarkibkan Jun 25, 2007, di Wayback Machine
- ^ Bible, Tools (September 9, 2020). "Bible reverse engineering". BIBLE TOOLS. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada October 19, 2020. Dicapai pada September 9, 2020.
- ^ "Saint-James. Apostle, son of Alphaeus". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
- ^ Matthew 10:3Template:Bibleverse with invalid book, Mark 3:18Template:Bibleverse with invalid book, Luke 6:12–16Template:Bibleverse with invalid book and Acts 1:13Template:Bibleverse with invalid book.
- ^ saint, Jerome. The Perpetual Virginity of Blessed Mary Fragment 15. newadvent.org. Dicapai pada 3 September 2015.
- ^ of Hierapolis, Papias. Exposition of the Sayings of the Lord. Fragment X. earlychristianwritings.com. Dicapai pada 10 September 2015.
- ^ John Paul Meier, A Marginal Jew volume 3, p. 201. "There are no grounds for identifying James of Alphaeus – as church tradition has done – with James the Less."
- ^ New Bible Dictionary, 2nd Edition (IVP 1982), "James" entry (by P.H.Davids)
- ^ "The Expositor's Bible Commentary CDROM, commentary on Matthew (by Don Carson), commentary on Matthew 10:2–4
- ^ Luke, by Darrell Bock (Baker 1994), commentary on Luke 6:15