Bahasa-bahasa Dravidia

Bahasa-bahasa Dravidia
Bahasa-bahasa Dravidia
Taburan; geografi:	Asia Selatan
Pembahagian:	; Utara; Tengah; Tengah Selatan; Selatan; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
ISO 639-2 / 5:	dra

Bahasa-bahasa Dravidia mengandungi sekurang-kurangnya 73 buah bahasa^[1] yang dituturkan di Selatan India dan timur laut Sri Lanka, serta sesetangah kawasan di Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, timur India, dan tangah India, serta bahagian di Afghanistan dan Iran, dan negara-negara seperti UK, AS, Kanada, Malaysia, dan Singapura.

Number	Bahasa Tamil	Bahasa Telugu	Bahasa Kannada	Bahasa Tulu	Bahasa Malayalam	Bahasa Kurukh	Bahasa Kolami	Bahasa Brahui	Bahasa Proto-Dravidia
1	onru	okaṭi	ondu	onji	onnu	oṇṭa	okkod	asiṭ	*oru(1)
2	iraṇṭu	renḍu	eraḍu	raḍḍu	randu	indiŋ	irāṭ	irāṭ	*iru(2)
3	mūnru	mūḍu	mūru	mūji	mūnnu	mūnd	mūndiŋ	musiṭ	*muC
4	nālu, nālku, nānku	nālugu	nālku	nālu	nālu	nākh	nāliŋ	čār (II)	*nāl
5	aintu	ayidu	aidu	ainu	añcu	pancē (II)	ayd(3)	panč (II)	*cayN
6	āru	āru	āru	āji	āru	soyyē (II)	ār(3)	šaš (II)	*caru
7	ēẓu	ēḍu	ēlu	ēlu	ēẓu	sattē (II)	ēḍ(3)	haft (II)	*eẓu
8	eṭṭu	enimidi	eṇṭu	ēṇma	eṭṭu	aṭṭhē (II)	enumadī (3)	hašt (II)	*eṭṭu
9	onpatu	tommidi	ombattu	ormba	onpatu	naiṃyē (II)	tomdī (3)	nōh (II)	*toḷ
10	pattu	padi	hattu	pattu	pathu	dassē (II)	padī (3)	dah (II)	*pat(tu)

This is the same as another word meaning "one" in another sense in Tamil and Malayalam - the distinction is as between Spanish "un" and "uno".
This is still found in compound words, and has taken on a meaning of "double" in Tamil and Malayalam. For example, irupatu (20, literally meaning "double-ten") or "iraṭṭi" ("double") or Iruvar (meaning two people).
Kolami numbers 5-10 are borrowed from Telugu

Lihat juga

Caldwell, R., A comparative grammar of the Dravidian, or, South-Indian family of languages, London: Harrison, 1856.; Reprinted London, K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & co., ltd., 1913; rev. ed. by J.L. Wyatt and T. Ramakrishna Pillai, Madras, University of Madras, 1961, reprint Asian Educational Services, 1998. ISBN 81-206-0117-3
Campbell, A.D., A grammar of the Teloogoo language, commonly termed the Gentoo, peculiar to the Hindoos inhabiting the northeastern provinces of the Indian peninsula, 3d ed. Madras, Printed at the Hindu Press, 1849.
Krishnamurti, B., The Dravidian Languages, Cambridge University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-521-77111-0
Subrahmanyam, P.S., Dravidian Comparative Phonology, Annamalai University, 1983.
Zvelebil, Kamil., Dravidian Linguistics: An Introduction", PILC (Pondicherry Institute of Linguistics and Culture), 1990
Zvelebil, Kamil., Tamil Literature, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1975, ISBN 90-04-04190-7
Kuiper, F.B.J., Aryans in the Rig Veda", Rodopi, 1991, ISBN 90-5183-307-5 (CIP)
Witzel, Michael, Early Sources for South Asian Substrate Languages.Boston, "Mother Tongue", extra number 1999[1]
Trask, Robert Lawrence (2000). The Dictionary of Historical and Comparative Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 1579582184. Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (bantuan)

Dravidian Etymological Dictionary. The complete dravidian etymological dictionary in a searchable online form.
Dravidian languages page in SIL Ethnologue.
Dravidian from Etruscan Diarkibkan 2009-03-26 di Wayback Machine Paper claiming a relationship between Dravidian and Etruscan.
Dravidian origin of the Guanches. A paper claiming a Dravidian origin for the language of the Guanches.
Tamil and Japanese
http://www.brahui.tk Diarkibkan 2008-06-07 di Wayback Machine A site by Shafique-Ur-Rehman, Its all about Brahui People live mostly in Balochistan, Pakistan.
A subsection of the "Languages of the World" Site maintained by the National Virtual Translation Center in Washington DC.