ປະເທດອາຟະການິດສະຖານ

ເອເມີຣັດ ອິດສະລາມ ອາຟະການິດສະຖານ
ເອເມີຣັດ ອິດສະລາມ ອາຟະການິດສະຖານ; د افغانستان اسلامي امارت (ພາສໂຕ); امارت اسلامی افغانستان (ດາຣີ);
	ທຸງຊາດ ກາແຜ່ນດິນ
	ເພງຊາດ: دا د باتورانو کور; Dā Də Bātorāno Kor; "ນີ້ແມ່ນບ້ານຂອງຜູ້ກ້າ" ;
ສະຖານະ	ລັດສະມາຊິກສະຫະປະຊາຊາດທີ່ມີລັດຖະບານທີ່ບໍ່ໄດ້ຮັບການຍອມຮັບ
ເມືອງຫຼວງ; ແລະ ເມືອງໃຫຍ່ທີ່ສຸດ	ກາບູລ; 34°31′N 69°11′E / 34.517°N 69.183°Eພິກັດພູມສາດ: 34°31′N 69°11′E / 34.517°N 69.183°E
ພາສາລັດຖະການ	ພາສໂຕ; ດາຣີ;
ກຸ່ມຊົນເຜົ່າ (ສຳມະໂນຢ່າງບໍ່ເປັນທາງການປີ 2019)	42% ພາສໂຕ; 27% ທາຈິກ; 9% ຊາວຮາໂຊ; 9% ອຸສເບກ; 4% ອາຍມອກ; 3% ເຕີກເມັນ; 2% ບາລອຈ; 4% ອື່ນໆ;
ສາສະໜາ	99.7% ອິດສະລາມ (ທາງການ); 0.3% ອື່ນໆ (ປະມານການ 2009);
ເດມະນິມ	ຊາວອາຟະການິດສະຖານ
ການປົກຄອງ	ລັດດ່ຽວໃນລະບົບອຳນາດທັງໝົດ ເອມິເຣດສະເພາະການ ໃນລະບອບປະຊາທິປະໄຕອິດສະລາມ
• ຜູ້ນຳສູງສຸດ	ຮິມາຕູນລ໌ລໍຫ໌ ອະຄູນຊະດາຫ໌
• ນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີ	ໂມຮຳມັດ ຮັສຊັນ ອັກຮຸນດ໌ (ຮັກສາການ)
• ປະທານສານສູງສຸດ	ອັບດຸລ ຮາກິມອິສຮັກໄຊ
ສະພານິຕິບັນຍັດ	ສະພາຜູ້ນຳ
ສະຖາປະນາ
• ອານາຈັກໂຮທັກ	1709–1738
• ອານາຈັກດູຣານີ	1747–1842
• ເອເມີຣັດ	1823–1926
• ໄດ້ຮັບການຮັບຮອງ	19 ສິງຫາ 1919
• ລາຊະອານາຈັກ	9 ມິຖຸນາ 1926
• ປະກາດສະຖາປະນາອາຟະການິດສະຖານ	17 ກໍລະກົດ 1973
• ເອມິເຣດອິດສະລາມ	7 ກັນຍາ 1996
• ສາທາລະນະລັດອິດສະລາມ	26 ມັງກອນ 2004
• ຕໍລິບານຍືດນະຄອນກາບູລ	15 ສິງຫາ 2021
ພື້ນທີ່
• ລວມ	652,867 ຕາລາງກິໂລແມັດ (252,073 ຕາລາງໄມລ໌) (ອັນດັບທີ 40)
• ແຫຼ່ງນ້ຳ (%)	ນ້ອຍ
ປະຊາກອນ
• 2022 ປະມານ	38,346,720 (ອັນດັບທີ 37)
• ຄວາມໜາແໜ້ນ	48.08 ຕໍ່ຕາລາງກິໂລແມັດ (124.5 ຕໍ່ຕາລາງໄມລ໌) (ອັນດັບທີ 174)
GDP (ອຳນາດຊື້)	2018 (ປະມານ)
• ລວມ	72.911 ຕື້ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ (ອັນດັບທີ 96)
• ຕໍ່ຫົວ	2,024 ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ (ອັນດັບທີ 169)
GDP (ລາຄາຕະຫຼາດ)	2018 (ປະມານ)
• ລວມ	21.657 ຕື້ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ (ອັນດັບທີ 111)
• ຕໍ່ຫົວ	493 ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ (ອັນດັບທີ 177)
HDI (2021)	0.478; ຕ່ຳ · ອັນດັບທີ 180
ສະກຸນເງິນ	ອາຟະການິ (افغانی) (AFN)
ເຂດເວລາ	UTC 4:30; ປະຕິທິນຈັນທະຄະຕິ (ເວລາອາຟະການິດສະຖານ)
	ບໍ່ມີ
ຂັບລົດດ້ານ	ຂວາ
ລະຫັດໂທລະສັບ	93
ລະຫັດອິນເຕີເນັດ	.af; افغانستان.

ອາຟະການິດສະຖານ ຫຼື ອັຟການິສະຖານ (ອັງກິດ: Afghanistan; ພາສໂຕ,ດາຣີ: افغانستان) ເປັນປະເທດໃນພາກພື້ນອາຊີໃຕ້ ມີອານາເຂດທາງທິດຕາເວັນຕົກຕິດກັບປະເທດອີຣານ ທາງທິດໃຕ້ແລະທິດຕາເວັນອອກຕິດກັບປາກິດສະຖານ ທາງທິດເໜືອຕິດກັບຕວັກເມນິດສະຖານ, ອຸດສະເບກິດສະຖານ ແລະ ຕັດຈິກິດສະຖານ ສ່ວນທາງທິດຕາເວັນອອກສຸດຕິດປະເທດຈີນ ອາຟະການິດສະຖານ ເປັນປະເທດທີ່ບໍ່ມີທາງອອກສູ່ທະເລ ມີອານາເຂດ 652,000 ກິໂລແມັດມົນທົນ ມີເມືອງຄາບູລແມ່ນເມືອງຫຼວງ ແລະ ແມ່ນເມືອງໃຫຍ່ທີ່ສຸດຂອງປະເທດ ມີປະຊາກອນ 39 ລ້ານຄົນ ເຊີ່ງແມ່ນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ເປັນຊາດພັນຊາວອາຟະກັນ, ທາຈິກ, ຮາຊາຣາ ແລະ ຊາວອຸດສະເບກ

ລະຫວ່າງການໂຄ່ນລົ້ມກຸ່ມຕາລີບັນໂດຍການຮຸກຮານອາຟະການິດສະຖານຂອງສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ ແລະ ຄວາມສຳເລັດຂອງໂລຍາ ຈີຣ໌ກາ ໃນປີ 2003 ຊາວຕາເວັນຕົກຮຽກອາຟະການິດສະຖານວ່າ Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan ຢ່າງໃດກໍດີ ພາຍໃຕ້ລັດຖະທຳມະນູນຂອງອາຟະການິດສະຖານສະບັບປັດຈຸບັນ ປະເທດນີ້ຮຽກວ່າ "ສາທາລະນະລັດ ອິດສະລາມ ອາຟະການິດສະຖານ" ໃນປັດຈຸບັນເປັນໜຶ່ງໃນປະເທດທີ່ຍາກຈົນທີ່ສຸດໃນໂລກ ຫຼັງຈາກທີ່ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາຖອນກຳລັງອອກໄປ ກໍ່ມີການຮຸກຮານຄັ້ງໃຫຍ່ຂອງກຸ່ມຕາລີບັນໃນປີ 2021 ສົ່ງຜົນໃຫ້ຕາລີບັນຮຽກຄືນສູ່ອຳນາດອີກເທື່ອ

ອ້າງອີງ

↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 3 June 2019. Retrieved 17 September 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
↑ Tharoor, Ishaan. "The Taliban's Qatar Office: Are Prospects for Peace Already Doomed?", 19 June 2013
↑ [[[:ແມ່ແບບ:Geonameslink]] Islamic Republic of Afghanistan] in [[[:ແມ່ແບບ:Geonamesabout]] Geonames.org (CC BY)]
↑ "Population Matters". 3 March 2016. Archived from the original on 16 ສິງຫາ 2021. Retrieved 30 ມັງກອນ 2023.
↑ timesofindia (23 August 2021). "Afghanistan's ethnic mosaic". The Times of India.
↑ World Population Review (19 September 2021). ""Afghanistan Population 2021"".
↑ statista.com (20 August 2021). "Distribution of Afghan population by ethnic group 2020".
↑ reliefweb.int (14 August 2011). "Afghan Ethnic Groups: A Brief Investigation".
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Factbook
↑ Dictionary.com. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. Reference.com (Retrieved 13 November 2007).
↑ Dictionary.com. WordNet 3.0. Princeton University. Reference.com (Retrieved 13 November 2007). Archived 28 ມີນາ 2014 at the Wayback Machine
↑ "Constitution of Afghanistan". 2004. Archived from the original on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2013.
↑ Afghan | meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary. the Cambridge English Dictionary. ISBN 9781107660151.
↑
*Sakhi, Nilofar (December 2022). "The Taliban Takeover in Afghanistan and Security Paradox". Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs. 9 (3): 383–401. doi:10.1177/23477970221130882. S2CID 253945821. Afghanistan is now controlled by a militant group that operates out of a totalitarian ideology.
- Madadi, Sayed (6 September 2022). "Dysfunctional centralization and growing fragility under Taliban rule". Middle East Institute. Retrieved 28 November 2022. In other words, the centralized political and governance institutions of the former republic were unaccountable enough that they now comfortably accommodate the totalitarian objectives of the Taliban without giving the people any chance to resist peacefully.
- Sadr, Omar (23 March 2022). "Afghanistan's Public Intellectuals Fail to Denounce the Taliban". Fair Observer. Retrieved 28 November 2022. The Taliban government currently installed in Afghanistan is not simply another dictatorship. By all standards, it is a totalitarian regime.
- "Dismantlement of the Taliban regime is the only way forward for Afghanistan". Atlantic Council. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 28 November 2022. As with any other ideological movement, the Taliban’s Islamic government is transformative and totalitarian in nature.
- Akbari, Farkhondeh (7 March 2022). "The Risks Facing Hazaras in Taliban-ruled Afghanistan". George Washington University. Archived from the original on 14 ມັງກອນ 2023. Retrieved 28 November 2022. In the Taliban’s totalitarian Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, there is no meaningful political inclusivity or representation for Hazaras at any level.
↑
*"EU: Provisional Taliban government does not fulfill promises", The Hill, 8 September 2021
- "Key Figures In The Taliban's New Theocratic Government", Radio Farda, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 7 September 2021
- Jones, Seth G. (December 2020). "Afghanistan's Future Emirate? The Taliban and the Struggle for Afghanistan". CTC Sentinel. Combating Terrorism Center. 13 (11). Archived from the original on 11 ກຸມພາ 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
↑ Jones, Seth G. (December 2020). "Afghanistan's Future Emirate? The Taliban and the Struggle for Afghanistan". CTC Sentinel. Combating Terrorism Center. 13 (11). Archived from the original on 11 ກຸມພາ 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
↑ Central Statistics Office Afghanistan
↑ ແມ່ແບບ:Cite CIA World Factbook
↑ ^19.0 ^19.1 ^19.2 ^19.3 "Afghanistan". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
↑ Human Development Report 2021/2022: Uncertain Times, Unsettled Lives: Shaping our Future in a Transforming World (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2022. p. 284. ISBN 9789211264517. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
↑ Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. pp. 343–346. ISBN 978-92-1-126442-5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
↑ 8am (2022-03-26). "Taliban Changes Solar Year to Hijri Lunar Calendar". Hasht-e Subh Daily (in ອັງກິດ (ອາເມລິກັນ)). Archived from the original on 2022-09-04. Retrieved 2022-09-04.
↑ timeanddate.com, Half Hour and 45-Minute Time Zones

Cite error: <ref> tags exist for a group named "lower-alpha", but no corresponding <references group="lower-alpha"/> tag was found

[1] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 3 June 2019. Retrieved 17 September 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[Tharoor-2] Tharoor, Ishaan. "The Taliban's Qatar Office: Are Prospects for Peace Already Doomed?", 19 June 2013

[3] [[[:ແມ່ແບບ:Geonameslink]] Islamic Republic of Afghanistan] in [[[:ແມ່ແບບ:Geonamesabout]] Geonames.org (CC BY)]

[4] "Population Matters". 3 March 2016. Archived from the original on 16 ສິງຫາ 2021. Retrieved 30 ມັງກອນ 2023.

[6] timesofindia (23 August 2021). "Afghanistan's ethnic mosaic". The Times of India.

[:2-7] World Population Review (19 September 2021). ""Afghanistan Population 2021"".

[8] statista.com (20 August 2021). "Distribution of Afghan population by ethnic group 2020".

[9] reliefweb.int (14 August 2011). "Afghan Ethnic Groups: A Brief Investigation".

[Factbook-10] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Factbook

[11] Dictionary.com. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. Reference.com (Retrieved 13 November 2007).

[12] Dictionary.com. WordNet 3.0. Princeton University. Reference.com (Retrieved 13 November 2007). Archived 28 ມີນາ 2014 at the Wayback Machine

[Constitution_of_Afghanistan-14] "Constitution of Afghanistan". 2004. Archived from the original on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2013.

[15] Afghan | meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary. the Cambridge English Dictionary. ISBN 9781107660151.

[16] *Sakhi, Nilofar (December 2022). "The Taliban Takeover in Afghanistan and Security Paradox". Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs. 9 (3): 383–401. doi:10.1177/23477970221130882. S2CID 253945821. Afghanistan is now controlled by a militant group that operates out of a totalitarian ideology.
Madadi, Sayed (6 September 2022). "Dysfunctional centralization and growing fragility under Taliban rule". Middle East Institute. Retrieved 28 November 2022. In other words, the centralized political and governance institutions of the former republic were unaccountable enough that they now comfortably accommodate the totalitarian objectives of the Taliban without giving the people any chance to resist peacefully.

Sadr, Omar (23 March 2022). "Afghanistan's Public Intellectuals Fail to Denounce the Taliban". Fair Observer. Retrieved 28 November 2022. The Taliban government currently installed in Afghanistan is not simply another dictatorship. By all standards, it is a totalitarian regime.

"Dismantlement of the Taliban regime is the only way forward for Afghanistan". Atlantic Council. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 28 November 2022. As with any other ideological movement, the Taliban’s Islamic government is transformative and totalitarian in nature.

Akbari, Farkhondeh (7 March 2022). "The Risks Facing Hazaras in Taliban-ruled Afghanistan". George Washington University. Archived from the original on 14 ມັງກອນ 2023. Retrieved 28 November 2022. In the Taliban’s totalitarian Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, there is no meaningful political inclusivity or representation for Hazaras at any level.

[15] Madadi, Sayed (6 September 2022). "Dysfunctional centralization and growing fragility under Taliban rule". Middle East Institute. Retrieved 28 November 2022. In other words, the centralized political and governance institutions of the former republic were unaccountable enough that they now comfortably accommodate the totalitarian objectives of the Taliban without giving the people any chance to resist peacefully.

[16] Sadr, Omar (23 March 2022). "Afghanistan's Public Intellectuals Fail to Denounce the Taliban". Fair Observer. Retrieved 28 November 2022. The Taliban government currently installed in Afghanistan is not simply another dictatorship. By all standards, it is a totalitarian regime.

[17] "Dismantlement of the Taliban regime is the only way forward for Afghanistan". Atlantic Council. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 28 November 2022. As with any other ideological movement, the Taliban’s Islamic government is transformative and totalitarian in nature.

[18] Akbari, Farkhondeh (7 March 2022). "The Risks Facing Hazaras in Taliban-ruled Afghanistan". George Washington University. Archived from the original on 14 ມັງກອນ 2023. Retrieved 28 November 2022. In the Taliban’s totalitarian Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, there is no meaningful political inclusivity or representation for Hazaras at any level.

[17] *"EU: Provisional Taliban government does not fulfill promises", The Hill, 8 September 2021
"Key Figures In The Taliban's New Theocratic Government", Radio Farda, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 7 September 2021

Jones, Seth G. (December 2020). "Afghanistan's Future Emirate? The Taliban and the Struggle for Afghanistan". CTC Sentinel. Combating Terrorism Center. 13 (11). Archived from the original on 11 ກຸມພາ 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2022.

[20] "Key Figures In The Taliban's New Theocratic Government", Radio Farda, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 7 September 2021

[21] Jones, Seth G. (December 2020). "Afghanistan's Future Emirate? The Taliban and the Struggle for Afghanistan". CTC Sentinel. Combating Terrorism Center. 13 (11). Archived from the original on 11 ກຸມພາ 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2022.

[CTC_Sentinel-18] Jones, Seth G. (December 2020). "Afghanistan's Future Emirate? The Taliban and the Struggle for Afghanistan". CTC Sentinel. Combating Terrorism Center. 13 (11). Archived from the original on 11 ກຸມພາ 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2022.

[19] Central Statistics Office Afghanistan

[20] ແມ່ແບບ:Cite CIA World Factbook

[imf2-21] 19.0 ^19.1 ^19.2 ^19.3 "Afghanistan". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 14 November 2018.

[UNHDR-22] Human Development Report 2021/2022: Uncertain Times, Unsettled Lives: Shaping our Future in a Transforming World (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2022. p. 284. ISBN 9789211264517. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 24 September 2022.

[UNHDRDiff-23] Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. pp. 343–346. ISBN 978-92-1-126442-5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 16 December 2020.

[24] 8am (2022-03-26). "Taliban Changes Solar Year to Hijri Lunar Calendar". Hasht-e Subh Daily (in ອັງກິດ (ອາເມລິກັນ)). Archived from the original on 2022-09-04. Retrieved 2022-09-04.

[25] timeanddate.com, Half Hour and 45-Minute Time Zones

[2]

[3]

[lower-alpha 1]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[lower-alpha 2]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]