Psychologia gestalt

Psychologia gestalt,^[1]^[2]^[3] vel gestaltismus, in vocabulo Theodisco 'exemplar' vel 'configurationem' significante conditus,^[4] est schola psychologiae a Maximiliano Wertheimer, Wofgango Köhler, et Curtio Koffka in Austria et Germania saeculo vicensimo ineunte excogitata,^[4] praecipue inter 1910 et 1912, cum Wertheimer rem phi inveniret, notionem quae oculorum ludibrium motús expressit.^[5] Haec theoria macroscopicam, non microscopicam, morum psychologicorum opinionem tenebat.^[6]

Cubus Neckeranus et vas Rubinianum, exempla multistabilitatis.

Schola gestalt in omni rei summá intellegendá et percipiendá fundatur, potius quam eius elementis.^[4] Quae contra atomisticam psychologiae sententiam excogitata est, ac praeterea contra generale clima intellectuale, quod in fide fundatur consensum scientificum ex neglegentia singulorum fundamentalium humanorum exsistit. Wertheimer nonnulla principia proposuit quae explicare possunt quo modo homines res percipiunt. Quae principia leges similitudinis, proximitatis, continuitatis appellantur.^[7] Notio gestalt realitatem formá simplicissimá percipere conatur.^[8] Theoriae perceptionis gestalt ergo affirmant naturam humanam rem ut omnem structuram intellegere solere, potius quam rem ut summam eius partium.^[9]

Origines

Sententia gestalt in philosophia et psychologia anno 1890 a Christiano von Ehrenfels (socio Scholae Brentano) propositum est. Notio autem gestalt ex radicibus in theoriis Davidis Hume, Ioannis Volfgangi Goethii, Immanuelis Kant, Davidis Hartley, et Ernesti Mach re vera exorta est. Certum unice erat Maximilano Wertheimer gestalt esse rem primariam, quae elementa ex quibus componitur definit, non rem secundariam, quae ex his elementis emergit, ut affirmaverat theoria Ehrenfelsiana, gestalt-qualität appellata.

Ehrenfels et Edmundus Husserl a Beiträge zur Analyse der Empfindungen ('Contributiones ad Explicationem Sensuum', 1886), opere Machiano moveri videntur cum suas simillimas gestalt et momenti figuralis notiones proprie formularent. De philosophicis harum cogitationum fundamentis, vide Foundations of Gestalt Theory (Smith 1988).

Nexus interni

Notae

↑ Wells, John (3 Aprilis 2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Pearson Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0 .
↑ "gestalt". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
↑ "Gestalt". The Columbia Encyclopedia. Columbia University Press. 2018. ISBN 9781786848468 .
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 "Gestalt psychology". Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.. 2008-05-01. pp. 756. ISBN 9781593394929
↑ Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia (May 2019). Max Wetheimer. . EBSCOhost
↑ Verstegen, Ian (2010). Gestalt Psychology. . Credo .
↑ Craighead, W. Edward; Nemeroff, Charles B. (19 Aprilis 2004). "Gestalt psychology". The Concise Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 401–404. ISBN 9780471220367 .
↑ Reber, Arthur S. (1985). "Gestalt psychology". The Penguin Dictionary of Psychology. Viking. ISBN 9780670801367 .
↑ Pohl, Rüdiger F. (22 Iulii 2016). Cognitive Illusions: Intriguing Phenomena in Judgement, Thinking and Memory. Psychology Press. ISBN 9781317448280 .

Bibliographia

Carlson, Neil R., et C. Donald Heth. 2010. Psychology the Science of Behaviour. Ontario: Pearson Education Canada.
Heider, Grace. 1977. "More about Hull and Koffka." American Psychologist 32 (5): 383.
Hostrup, Hanne. 2010. Gestalt therapy: an introduction to the basic concepts of gestalt therapy. Conversus ex Gestaltterapi a Dorte Herholdt Silver. Hafniae: Hans Reitzel's Publishers. ISBN 9788763536578, ISBN 8763536579, ISBN 9788706846399, ISBN 8706846394.
Korb, Margaret P., Jeffrey Gorrell, et Vernon Van De Riet. Gestalt therapy: practice and theory. Ed. 2a. Novi Eboraci: Pergamon Press. ISBN 0080364357, ISBN 0080364349.
Meili, Richard. 1981. Die Struktur der Intelligenz. Bernae: Verlag Hans Huber. ISBN 3-456-80908-5.
Palmer, Stephen E. Palmer. 1999. Vision Science. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-16183-4.
Smith, Barry, ed. 1988. Foundations of Gestalt Theory. Monaci et Vindobonae: Philosophia Verlag. ISBN 3884050605.
Woldt, Ansel L., et Sarah M. Toman. 2005. Gestalt therapy: history, theory, and practice. Thousand Oaks Californiae: Sage Publications. ISBN 0761927913.

Nexus externi

Lehar, Steven. "The World In Your Head."
Lehar, Steven. "Gestalt Isomorphism and the Primacy of Subjective Conscious Experience."
Todorović, Dejan.* "Gestalt principles." Scholarpedia.
Accessus oecologicus ad perceptionem visualem.
"Gestalt psychology." Encyclopædia Britannica.
Gestalt Theory: An International Multidisciplinary Journal. Periodicum de theoria exemplaribus (gestalt) editum.
Figurae insertae in arte, architectura, et designatione.
De Maximiliano Wertheimer et Paulo Picasso.
De aesthetica et theoria gestalt.
Nova psychologia gestalt saeculi vicensimi primi.
The Pennsylvania Gestalt Center.
De Iacobo J. Gibson.
Societas Theoriae Gestalt et Eius Adhibitionibus Internationalis.

[1] Wells, John (3 Aprilis 2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Pearson Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0 .

[2] "gestalt". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.

[3] "Gestalt". The Columbia Encyclopedia. Columbia University Press. 2018. ISBN 9781786848468 .

[:3-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 "Gestalt psychology". Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.. 2008-05-01. pp. 756. ISBN 9781593394929

[5] Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia (May 2019). Max Wetheimer. . EBSCOhost

[6] Verstegen, Ian (2010). Gestalt Psychology. . Credo .

[7] Craighead, W. Edward; Nemeroff, Charles B. (19 Aprilis 2004). "Gestalt psychology". The Concise Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 401–404. ISBN 9780471220367 .

[8] Reber, Arthur S. (1985). "Gestalt psychology". The Penguin Dictionary of Psychology. Viking. ISBN 9780670801367 .

[:03-9] Pohl, Rüdiger F. (22 Iulii 2016). Cognitive Illusions: Intriguing Phenomena in Judgement, Thinking and Memory. Psychology Press. ISBN 9781317448280 .

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