Macrophagocytus

Macrophagocytus (TH: H2.00.03.0.01007, abbreviatura: MΦ) est cellula sanguinis leucocytorum. Anno 1882 Elias Mečnikov primus has cellulas phagocytos descripsit^[1].

Funguntur macrophagocyti officiis variis. 1. macrophagocyti ut amoebae movere possunt et partes systematis immunitatis materiam alienam in iis ipsis includunt et conficiunt; is eventus phagocytosis dicitur. 2. Praeter phagocytosem macrophagocytis aliud munum est, lymphocytis T praesentatio antigenorum. 3. Non solum macrophagocyti inflammationem incitare possunt, sed etiam inhibere. Ad ea conficienda macrophagocyti inter M1 (incitare) et M2 (inhibere) distinguuntur.

In corpore variis formis reperiuntur.

Etymologia

Macrophagcytus a verbis Graecis μακρός 'magnus' et φαγείν 'edere' et κύτος 'cellula' derivatur.

Structura macrophagocyti

Diameter macrophagocyti est 21 µm (erythrocyti: 7.5µm).

Physiologia

Macrophagocyti cellulae immunitatis de origine ossium medullae sunt. Iam praenatale procreantur ponunturque in loco eius terminali ponitur. Postea eorum procreatio recreatioque non systemati haematopoietico pendet^[2]. Macrophagocyto status duo noti sunt, polarisatio macrophagocytorum inter M1 et M2^[3].

Polarisatio macrophagocytorum

Anno 1992 STEIN et al. macrophagocytos ope interleukini 4 (IL 4) in statum alternativum impelli demonstravit^[4]. Postea modis instigandi diversis duo status contrarii definiti sunt: instinctus classicus M1 et alternativus M2. Diversitas haec polarisatio dicta est. Polarisatio haec corporis aut salubris aut affecti functionum momentum gravissimum habet, quia macrophagocyti M1 simul inflammationem impellunt et tumoris incrementum inhibent; macrophagocyti M2 autem adversus inflammationem at pro tumoris incremento progressuque agunt.

Typi macrophagocytorum et genera

Macrophagocyti sessiles (TH: H2.00.03.0.01008)
Macrophagocyti mobiles (TH: H2.00.03.0.01009) sanguinem discedere et in textum infectum invadere possunt^[5].
In cerebro et medulla spinali cellulae microgliales nominantur.
In pulmonibus macrophagocyti alveolares nominantur.
In iecore macrophagocyti stellati (TH: H3.04.05.0.00016) sunt.
In ossibus osteoclastus nominantur.

Nexus interni

Cellula glialis
Monocytus
Significans iter NF-κB (actiones intentionis animi incitare)
Systema nervosum autonomicum

Notae

↑ Nobelprize.org de operibus Eliatis Mečnikov
↑ Varol C., Mildner A., Jung S. (2015). "Macrophages: development and tissue specialization". Annual review of immunology 33: 643-75
↑ Funes S. C., Rios M., et al. (Iun 2018). "Implications of macrophage polarization in autoimmunity". immunology 154 (2): 186-95
↑ Stein M., Keshav S., et al. (Iul 1992). "Interleukin 4 potently enhances murine macrophage mannose receptor activity: a marker of alternative immunologic macrophage activation". The journal of experimental medicine 176 (1): 287-92
↑ Definitio macrophagocyti mobilis.

[1] Nobelprize.org de operibus Eliatis Mečnikov

[2] Varol C., Mildner A., Jung S. (2015). "Macrophages: development and tissue specialization". Annual review of immunology 33: 643-75

[3] Funes S. C., Rios M., et al. (Iun 2018). "Implications of macrophage polarization in autoimmunity". immunology 154 (2): 186-95

[4] Stein M., Keshav S., et al. (Iul 1992). "Interleukin 4 potently enhances murine macrophage mannose receptor activity: a marker of alternative immunologic macrophage activation". The journal of experimental medicine 176 (1): 287-92

[5] Definitio macrophagocyti mobilis.

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