Georgius Washingtonius
| Georgius Washingtonius George Washington | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 1° Praeses Civitatum Foederatarum Americae | |
| 1789-1797 | |
| Antecessor | Nemo |
| Successor | Ioannes Adams |
| Natus | 22 Februarii 1732 Westmoreland Comitatus Virginiae |
| Obiit | 14 Decembris 1799 Monte Vernonio in praedio Alexandriae Virginae |
| Praeses vicarius | Ioannes Adams |
| Factio | Nulla |
| Uxor | Martha Washington |
| Ars | agricola, miles, finitor |
| Religio | Anglicanismus, Episcopalianismus |
Georgius Washingtonius[1] seu Georgius Washington,[2] etiam recenter Georgius Vasington (Westmoreland Comitatus Virginiae, 22 Februarii 1732[3]; Monte Vernonio in praedio Alexandriae Virginiae, 14 Decembris 1799), fuit primus Civitatum Foederatarum praeses (1789–4 Martii 1797), dux Exercitus Continentalis per Bellum Libertatis, et unus ex Conditoribus Civitatum Foederatarum. Conventui Philadelphiae anno 1787 habito praefuit qui Constitutionem Civitatum Foederatum ascivit, quae Articula Confoederationis substituit et suprema lex terrae manet.
Vasingtonius, praeses unanimo electorum delectu anno 1788 electus, bina muneris spatia meruit. Initium valentis pecuniaque bene sustentae reipublicae administrationis procuravit, quae neutralitatem in bellis Europaeis conservavit, rebellionem suppressit, et Americanis omnium generum gratum fuit. Suus modus ductus multas administrationis formas ritusque qui ex eo tempore adhibentur instituit, inter quos systema penes quos summa rerum est et contio aditialis. Praeterea, transitio pacatus a sua praefectura ad illam Ioannis Adams morem coepit qui usque ad tempus hodiernum persistit. Vasingtonius pater suae patriae iam vivus appellabatur.[4][5]
Vasingtonia, D.C., caput reipublicae, Vasingtonia civitas, et alii loci eius nomen habent.
Franciscus Glass librum notum de Washington vita scripsit, primum anno 1835 divulgatum.
Georgius Wasingtonius Tredecim Colonias in supremam liberamque rem publicam mutavit. Dum princeps et dux per Bellum Rerum Novarum Americanum est, is exercitum magnum fecit. Habente iuxta copias praecipuas Britannicae, Britannici obstavit quominus manus qui incursionem facerent in mediterranea mitterent. Milites suos ut inter incursiones audaces subitasque et perfunctionem patientem munerum vulgarum alternarent imperavit ut rationibus Britannicis pugnandi, quae cum agris Americanis non conveniebant, uti posset. Classis Francogallicae auxilio, Britannici denique a Wastingtonio ad Oppidum Eboracense anno 1781 victi sunt.
Bellum postquam ad finem adduxit, Wasingtonius maxime Constitutioni creatae interfuit et petitioni sanctionis eius, populo satisfacto Legibus Civitatum. Felicem esse, qui forte fine secundi spatii praefecturae eius factus est, compertum ad 1797 habuit.
Wasingtonius talis fuit ut praeses rei publicae novae una voce anno 1789 fieret. Praeses Wasingtonius cum Congresso egit ut primas magnasque partes ad administrationem stabiliret et fundementa rationis iudicialis recentisque et foederatae iaceret. Voluit ut administrationem potentem medium exsequendo formula tributorum creandoque argentaria rei publicae conderet. Exercitus civitatum classisque eo duce creverunt et cum vigore egit ut vindicias soli et salutem et mercatum exploratoribus Occasus suppeditaret.
In vita privata, Wasingtonius quamquam Ecclesiam Anglicanam conditam pertinuit et adfuit et custodi fuit, tamen neque communioni interfuit neque fidei cui haesit. Sensit se necesse esse ut ius sectae quamque libertati rerum divinae aequalitatique ante leges sustineret. Sua studium virtutis civilis se, virum eximissimum, inter primos illos Americanos qui in repubulica versantur fecit.
Ante omnia, tantus Wasingtonius praefecturam gloriam tribuit ut deinde duces rei publicae putaverit id amplissimum dignitatis gradum esse tenere regnum quem ipse honoraverat.
Nexus interni
Notae
recensere- ↑ Francis Glass, Vita Washingtonii (1835)
- ↑ Georgii Washingtonis Vita a William Lance scripta (1836.)
- ↑ Modo vetere die 11 Februarii anni 1731.
- ↑ Rupert Cornwell, "George Washington: The father of the nation," The Independent, 17 Ianuarii 2009.
- ↑ Frank E. Grizzard, George Washington: a biographical companion (ABC-CLIO, 2002), 105–107, ISBN 1-57607-082-4.
Bibliographia
recensere- Anderson, Fred. 2000. Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754–1766. Novi Eboraci: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-375-40642-3.
- Anderson, Fred. 2005. The War That Made America: A Short History of the French and Indian War. Novi Eboraci: Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-03454-3.
- Bell, William Gardner. 1983. 2005. Commanding Generals and Chiefs of Staff, 1775–2005: Portraits & Biographical Sketches of the United States Army's Senior Officer. Vasingtoniae: Center of Military History, United States Army. ISBN 0-16-072376-0. CMH Pub 70–14.
- Boller, Paul F. 1963. George Washington & Religion. Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press. OCLC 563800860.
- Boller, Paul F. 1995. Not So! Popular Myths About America from Columbus to Clinton. Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509186-8.
- Brookhiser, Richard. 1996. Founding Father: Rediscovering George Washington. Novi Eboraci: Free Press. ISBN 0-684-82291-1.
- Buchanan, John. 2004. The Road to Valley Forge: How Washington Built the Army That Won the Revolution. Hoboken Novae Caesareae: John Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-44156-4.
- Bumgarner, John R. 1994. The Health of the Presidents: The 41 United States Presidents Through 1993 from a Physician's Point of View. Jefferson Carolinae Septentrionalis: McFarland & Co. ISBN 0-89950-956-8.
- Carp, E. Wayne. 1990. To Starve the Army at Pleasure: Continental Army Administration and American Political Culture, 1775–1783. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-4269-0.
- Chernow, Ron. 2010. Washington: A Life. Novi Eboraci: Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1-86320-266-7. Praemium Pulitzeranum.
- Cunliffe, Marcus. 1958. George Washington, Man and Monument. Bostoniae: Little, Brown. OCLC 58007859.
- Dalzell, Robert F., Jr.; Dalzell, Lee Baldwin (1998). George Washington's Mount Vernon: At Home in Revolutionary America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-512114-7
- Elkins, Stanley M.; McKitrick, Eric (1995) [1993]. The Age of Federalism. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195093810
- Ellis, Joseph J. (2004). His Excellency: George Washington. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 1400040310
- Espinosa, Gastón (2009). Religion and the American Presidency: George Washington to George W. Bush with Commentary and Primary Sources. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231143325
- Ferling, John E. (2000). Setting the World Ablaze: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and the American Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195134095
- Ferling, John E. (2009). The Ascent of George Washington: The Hidden Political Genius of an American Icon. New York: Bloomsbury Press. ISBN 9781596914650
- Ferling, John E. (2010) [1988]. First of Men: A Life of George Washington. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195398670
- Fischer, David Hackett (2004). Washington's Crossing. Oxford, England; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195170342
- Fishman, Ethan M., William D. Pederson, et Mark J. Rozell, eds. 2001. George Washington, Foundation of Presidential Leadership and Character. Westport Connecticutae: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-96868-5.
- Flexner, James Thomas. 1965. George Washington: The Forge of Experience, 1732–1775. Bostoniae: Little, Brown. OCLC 426484.
- Flexner, James Thomas. 1974. Washington: The Indispensable Man.' Bostoniae: Little, Brown. ISBN 0-316-28605-2.
- Freeman, Douglas Southall. 1948. George Washington, a Biography. Novi Eboraci: Scribner. OCLC 732644234.
- Freeman, Douglas Southall (1968). Harwell, Richard Barksdale. ed. Washington. New York: Scribner
- Gregg, Gary L., II; Spalding, Matthew, eds. (1999). Patriot Sage: George Washington and the American Political Tradition. Wilmington, Del: ISI Books. ISBN 1882926382
- Grizzard, Frank E., Jr. (2002). George Washington: A Biographical Companion. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1576070824
- Grizzard, Frank E., Jr. (2005). George!: A Guide to All Things Washington. Buena Vista, Va: Mariner Pub. ISBN 0976823802
- Higginbotham, Don (1971). The War of American Independence: Military Attitudes, Policies, and Practice, 1763–1789. New York: Macmillan
- Higginbotham, Don (1985). George Washington and the American Military Tradition. Athens: University of Georgia Press. ISBN 0820307866
- Higginbotham, Don, ed. (2001). George Washington Reconsidered. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. ISBN 0813920051
- Higginbotham, Don (2002). George Washington: Uniting a Nation. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 0742522083
- Hirschfeld, Fritz (1997). George Washington and Slavery: A Documentary Portrayal. Columbia: University of Missouri Press. ISBN 0826211356
- Hofstra, Warren R., ed. (1998). George Washington and the Virginia Backcountry. Madison, Wis: Madison House. ISBN 0945612508
- Hughes, Rupert (1926). George Washington.... New York: W. Morrow & Co
- Jensen, Merrill (1948). The Articles of Confederation: An Interpretation of the Social-Constitutional History of the American Revolution, 1774–1781. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press
- Johnson, William (1919). George Washington, the Christian. New York: The Abingdon Press
- Ketchum, Richard M. (1999) [1973]. The Winter Soldiers: The Battles for Trenton and Princeton. New York: Henry Holt. ISBN 0805060987
- Lancaster, Bruce; Plumb, John H. (1985). The American Revolution. New York: American Heritage Press. ISBN 0828102813
- Lengel, Edward G. 2005. General George Washington: A Military Life. Novi Eboraci: Random House. ISBN 1-4000-6081-8.
- Mann, Barbara Alice. 2005. George Washington's War on Native America. Westport Connecticutae: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-98177-0.
- McCullough, David. 2005. 1776. Novi Eboraci: Simon & Schuster ISBN 0-7432-2671-2.
- Cruise O'Brien, Conor. 2009. First in Peace: How George Washington Set the Course for America. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Da Capo Press. ICBN 9780306816192.
- Randall, Willard Sterne (1997). George Washington: A Life. New York: Henry Holt & Co. ISBN 0805027793
- Rasmussen, William M. S.; Tilton, Robert S. (1999). George Washington-the Man Behind the Myths. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. ISBN 0813919002
- Vadakan, Vibul V., M.D. (Winter/Spring 2005). "A Physician Looks At The Death of Washington". The Early America Review (DEV Communications) 6 (1)
- Wallenborn, White McKenzie, M.D. 1997. George Washington's Terminal Illness: A Modern Medical Analysis of the Last Illness and Death of George Washington. The Papers of George Washington. University of Virginia.
- Wiencek, Henry. 2003. An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. Novi Eboraci: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 0-374-17526-8.
- Wood, Gordon S. 1992. The Radicalism of the American Revolution. Novi Eboraci: A. A. Knopf. ISBN 0-679-40493-7.
Nexus externi
recensere- Biographia publica Domus Albae (Anglice)
- Washingtonii Vita, liber a Francisco Glass scriptus (Latine)
- Washingtonii Vita, liber a Francisco Glass scriptus, versio sine verbis nexatis
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