Capsicum (genus)

Capsicum (nomen a Linnaeo anno 1753 statutum) est genus plantarum florentium familiae Solanacearum. Generi sunt quinque fere species, cuius fructibus (Latine "capsicis" appellatis), capsaicinum continentibus, homines pro cibo et medicamentis uti solent. Species utiliores quinque, Capsicum annuum, Capsicum baccatum, Capsicum chinense, Capsicum frutescens, Capsicum pubescens pluresque cultivarietates recognoscuntur.

---

Plantae — Angiospermae

Eudicotyledones 
Asteridae 
Ordo : Solanales 
Familia : Solanaceae 
Genus : Capsicum 
L.

   

Vide etiam paginam fere homonymam: Capsicum (fructus).

Subdivisiones

Species per clados hic digeruntur post schema a Carrizo García collegisque anno 2016 statutum, novis speciebus ex opere Gloriae Barboza collegarumque anno 2022 divulgato auctum.

• Incertae sedis
  • Capsicum benoistii
• Cladus Andeanus
  • Capsicum dimorphum
  • Capsicum geminifolium (recenter C. scolnikianum)
  • Capsicum hookerianum
  • Capsicum lanceolatum
  • Capsicum longifolium
  • Capsicum lycianthoides
  • Capsicum piuranum
  • Capsicum regale
  • Capsicum rhomboideum
• Cladi monotypi
  • Capsicum tovarii
  • Capsicum ceratocalyx
  • Capsicum neei
• Cladus Bolivianus
  • Capsicum caballeroi
  • Capsicum coccineum
  • Capsicum minutiflorum
• Cladus pubescens
  • Capsicum pubescens
  • Capsicum cardenasii
  • Capsicum eshbaughii
  • Capsicum eximium
• Cladus baccatus
  • Capsicum baccatum var. baccatum, var. pendulum, var. umbilicatum
  • Capsicum chacoense
  • Capsicum rabenii (recenter C. praetermissum)
• Cladus annuus
  • Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum, var. annuum
  • Capsicum chinense
  • Capsicum frutescens
  • Capsicum galapagoense
• Cladus flexuosus
  • Capsicum flexuosum
• Cladus silvae Atlanticae
  • Capsicum campylopodium
  • Capsicum carassense
  • Capsicum cornutum
  • Capsicum friburgense
  • Capsicum mirabile
  • Capsicum mirum
  • Capsicum muticum
  • Capsicum pereirae
  • Capsicum recurvatum
  • Capsicum schottianum
  • Capsicum villosum
• Cladus Caatingae
  • Capsicum caatingae
  • Capsicum parvifolium
  • Capsicum longidentatum

Bibliographia

Si plus cognoscere vis, vide etiam Capsicum (fructus)#Bibliographia.

Bibliographica

• Jean-Patrick Ferrari, Georges Aillaud, "Bibliographie du genre Capsicum" in Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquée vol. 18 (1971) pp. 385-480

Opera antiquiora

• 1554 : Rembertus Dodonaeus, Posteriorum trium de stirpium historia commentariorum imagines (pp. 181-183 apud Google Books); eiusdem Histoire des plantes (1557) pp. 441-442
• 1561 : Conradus Gesnerus, "De hortis Germaniae" in Valerius Cordus, Annotationes in Dioscoridis ... [etc.] f. 272b "Piper Indicum, capsicum ... piper Hispanicum, Calecuticum, Bresilicum"
• 1573 : Petrus Andreas Matthiolus, I discorsi ... nelle sei libri di Pedacio Dioscoride Anazarbeo della materia medicinale (editio 1573) lib. 2 cap. 148 (p. 405 apud Google Books); idem, Commentarii in libros sex Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbei de Materia Medica (editio 1574) lib. 2 cap. 153 pp. 434-437
• 1582 : Ulysses Aldrovandus, Elenchus plantarum omnium quae in studiosorum horto publico, cui ipse praeest, terrae gremio fuere commissa ab anno 1568, quo primum fuit extructus, usque ad 1582 (manuscriptum) ("Capsicum brasilianum") (fide Federica Rotelli, "Exotic plants in Italian pharmacopoeia" in Medicina nei secoli vol. 30 (2018) pp. 827-880 ad p. 836; cf. enumerationem manuscriptorum)
• 1590 : Iacobus Theodorus Tabernaemontanus, Eicones plantarum seu stirpium p. 859
• ante 1595 : Franciscus Hernandez; Nardus Antonius Recchus, scriba, De materia medica Novae Hispaniae, Philippi Secundi Hispaniarum ac Indiarum regis invictissimi iussu (manuscriptum, ante 1595) ff. 92v-94r
• 1596 : Casparus Bauhinus, Phytopinax. Basileae: per Sebastianum Henricpetri pp. 155-156
• 1608 : Rembertus Dodonaeus, Cruydt-boeck (nova editio). Lugduni Batavorum: Ravelingen, 1608 (pp. 1212-1214 apud Google Books); eiusdem Cruydt boeck volgens sijne laetzte verbeteringhe. Balthasar Moretus, 1644 (pp. 1122-1126 apud Google Books)
• 1611 : Gregorius de Regio, "De varietate capsicorum" in Carolus Clusius, Curae posteriores pp. 95-108
• 1615 : Franciscus Hernandez; Francisco Ximenez, interpr., Quatro libros de la naturaleza y virtudes de las plantas y animales que estan recevidos en el uso de medicina en la Nueva Espana (1615) lib. 2 cap. 3 ff. 72r-74r, Rerum medicarum Novae Hispaniae thesaurus (1628) lib. 5 cap. 3 pp. 134-138
• 1640 : Ioannes Parkinsonus, Theatrum botanicum pp. 355-359 (Textus apud Google Books)
• 1640 : Basilius Besler, Hortus Eystettensis. 2a ed. Norimbergae classis autumnalis tabb. 6-13
• 1648 : Gulielmus Piso, Georgius Marcgravius, Historia naturalis Brasiliae. Lugduni Batavorum: apud Franciscum Hackium pars i (Piso) pp. 107-108, pars ii (Marcgravius) pp. 39-41
• 1678-1703 : Henricus van Rhede tot Draakestein, Horti Malabarici pars prima [... duodecima]. Amstelaedami: sumptibus Johannis van Someren, et Joannis van Dyck pars 2 tab. 56, p. 109; pars 9 tab. 35
• 1694 : "Piment" in Thomas Corneille, Dictionnaire des arts et des sciences vol. 4. Lutetiae: Coignard (p. 216 apud Google Books)
• 1695 : Georgius Everhardus Rumphius, Herbarium Amboinense (Amstelaedami: Chanquion, 1741-1750) vol. 5 p. 247 et tab. 88; cf. E. D. Merrill, An Interpretation of Rumphius's Herbarium Amboinense. Manilae: Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Bureau of Science, 1917 p. 462
• 1696 : Hans Sloane, Catalogus plantarum quae in insula Iamaica sponte proveniunt, vel vulgo coluntur. Londinii: Brown (pp. 111-114 apud Google Books)
• 1699 : Robertus Morison, Plantarum historiae universalis Oxoniensis. Oxoniae (pars iii pp. 528-531; sectionis 13 tabula 2 apud Google Books) ("Solanum urens Capsicum dictum")
• 1700 : Iosephus Pitton Tournefort, Institutiones rei herbariae pp. 152-153, tabula 66
• ante 1725 : Henry Barham, Hortus Americanus (Kingston Iamaicae, 1794) pp. 30-31
• 1737 : Ioannes Burmannus, Thesaurus Zeylanicus. Amstelaedami: apud Janssonio-Waesbergios & Salomonem Schouten p. 53
• 1737 : Carolus Linnaeus, Hortus Cliffortianus. Amstelodami pp. 59-60
• 1753 : Carolus Linnaeus, Species plantarum (Holmiae: impensis L. Salvii, 1753) vol. 1 p. 188 (Latine)
• 1768 : Philip Miller, The Gardener's Dictionary. 8a ed. Londinii s.v. "Capsicum"
• 1772 : "Piment, ou Poivre d'Inde, ou Poivre de Guinée" in Le grand vocabulaire françois. Lutetiae: Panckouck (vol. 22 col. 167-168 apud Google Books) ("On la cultive beaucoup dans les pays chauds, comme en Espagne, au Portugal et dans les provinces méridionales du Royaume [de France]")
• 1791 : "Piment" in Jacques C. Valmont de Bomare, Dictionnaire raisonné universel d'histoire naturelle (vol. 10 pp. 571-572 apud Google Books)
• 1798 : Nicolas Jolyclerc, Phytologie universelle, ou, Histoire naturelle et méthodique des plantes. Lutetiae: Gueffier jeune (vol. 5 pp. 161-162 apud Google Books) ("Piment, Poivre long ou Corail des jardins")
• 1804 : J. L. M. Poiret, "Piment: Capsicum" in Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, Botanique vol. 5 (Encyclopédie méthodique. Lutetiae, 1804) (pp. 323-327 apud Google Books)
• 1813 : Michel Félix Dunal, Histoire naturelle, médicale et économique des Solanum. Lutetiae: Koenig, 1813 (Textus apud Google Books)
• 1832 : Antonius Fingerhuth, Monographia generis Capsici. Düsseldorpii (Textus apud Google Books) apud Internet Archive
• 1852 : M. F. Dunal, "Solanaceae" in A. de Candolle, Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis vol. 13 fasc. 1 (Lutetiae: Masson, 1852) p. 428
• 1898 : H. C. Irish^(es), "A revision of the genus Capsicum, with especial reference to garden varieties" in Missouri Botanical Garden Annual Report (1898) pp. 53-110 JSTOR

Eruditio recentior

• Jean Andrews, Peppers: the domesticated capsicums. 2a ed. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1995
• Jean Andrews, "The Peripatetic Chilli Pepper: diffusion of the domesticated capsicums since Columbus" in Nelson Foster, Linda S. Cordell, edd., Chilies to Chocolate: Food the Americas Gave the World (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1992) pp. 81-94 (Paginae selectae apud Google Books)
• Gloria Barboza et al., "Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae)" in PhytoKeys vol. 200 (2022) pp. 1-423
• Carolina Carrizo-García, "Breve historia evolutiva del género Capsicum" in Araceli Aguilar-Meléndez et al., edd., Los chiles que le dan sabor al mundo (Massiliae: IRD Editions, 2019) pp. 26-40
• Carolina Carrizo García et al., "Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)" in Annals of Botany vol. 118 (2016) pp. 35-51 JSTOR
• Carolina Carrizo García et al., "Diversification of chiles (Capsicum, Solanaceae) through time and space: New insights from genome-wide RAD-seq data" in Frontiers in Genetics vol. 13 (2022) 1030536
• Charles R. Clement, Michelly de Cristo-Araújo, Geo Coppens d’Eeckenbrugge, Alessandro Alves Pereira, Doriane Picanço-Rodrigues, "Origin and Domestication of Native Amazonian Crops" in Diversity vol. 2 (2010) pp. 72-106
• Diana Nataly Duque-Gamboa et al., "Mutualistic interaction of aphids and ants in pepper, Capsicum annuum and Capsicum frutenscens [sic (Solanaceae)]" in Revista de Biología Tropical vol. 69 (2021) pp. 626-639
• Eva M. Filippa, Luis M. Bernardello, "Estructura y desarollo de fruto y semilla en especies de Athenaea, Aureliana y Capsicum (Solaneae, Solanaceae)" in Darwiniana vol. 31 (1992) pp. 137-150 JSTOR
• Evan C. Fricke et al., "When condition trumps location: seed consumption by fruit-eating birds removes pathogens and predator attractants" in Ecology Letters vol. 16 (2013) pp. 1031–1036
• Evan C. Fricke et al., "Gut passage and secondary metabolites alter the source of post‑dispersal predation for bird‑dispersed chili seeds" in Oecologia vol. 181 (2016) pp. 905–910
• David C. Haak et al., "Why are not all chilies hot? A trade-off limits pungency" in Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences vol. 279 (2011/2012)
• Amit Krishna De, ed., Capsicum: The genus Capsicum. Londinii: Taylor & Francis, 2003 (Paginae selectae apud Google Books)
• A. T. Erwin, "The peppers of America" in Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station: Bulletin no. 293 (1932) pp. 121–152
• Susana González-Pérez et al., "New Insights into Capsicum spp Relatedness and the Diversification Process of Capsicum annuum in Spain" in PLoS One (24 Decembris 2014)
• Charles B. Heiser, Of Plants and People (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1985) pp. 142-154 Exemplar mutuabile (Paginae selectae apud Google Books)
• Seungill Kim et al., "Genome sequence of the hot pepper provides insights into the evolution of pungency in Capsicum species" in Nature Genetics vol. 46 (2014) pp. 270–278
• Fernando Loaiza-Figueroa et al., "Patterns of genetic variation of the genus Capsicum (Solanaceae) in Mexico" in Plant Systematics and Evolution vol. 165 (1989) pp. 159-188
• M. J. McLeod, Sheldon I. Guttman, W. Hardy Eshbaugh, "Early Evolution of Chili Peppers (Capsicum)" in Economic Botany vol. 36 (1982) pp. 361-368 JSTOR
• Eduardo A. Moscone et al., "The evolution of chili peppers (Capsicum–Solanaceae): a cytogenetic perspective" in Acta Horticulturae vol. 745 (2007) pp. 137–169
• Catherine Parry et al., "Reproductive compatibility in Capsicum is not necessarily reflected in genetic or phenotypic similarity between species complexes" in PLoS One (24 Martii 2021)
• Vincent M. Russo, ed., Peppers: Botany, Production and Uses. Wallingford: CABI, 2008
• Kumpei Shiragaki, Shuji Yokoi, Takahiro Tezuka, "Phylogenetic Analysis and Molecular Diversity of Capsicum Based on rDNA-ITS Region" in Horticulturae vol. 6 (2020) no. 87; alibi
• A. Terpó, "Kritische Revision der wildwachsenden Arten und der kultivierten Sorten der Gattung Capsicum L." in Feddes repertorium vol. 72 (1966) pp. 155-191
• Brian M. Walsh, Sara B. Hoot, "Phylogenetic Relationships of Capsicum (Solanaceae) using DNA sequences from two noncoding regions" in International Journal of Plant Sciences vol. 162 (2001) pp. 1409–1418

De speciebus cultis tantum

• Reinaldo Imbrozio Barbosa et al., "Pimentas do gênero Capsicum cultivadas em Roraima, Amazônia brasileira. I. Espécies domesticadas" in Acta Amazônica vol. 32 (2002) pp. 177-132
• Sarah M. Bharath, Christian Cilas, Pathmanathan Umaharan, "Plant and fruit trait variations among four Capsicum species in a Caribbean germplasm collection" in Plant Genetic Resources vol. 12 (2014) pp. 48–57
• Charles B. Heiser, Jr., Barbara Pickersgill, "Names for the Cultivated Capsicum Species (Solanaceae)" in Taxon vol. 18 (1969) pp. 277-283 JSTOR
• Charles B. Heiser, Jr., Paul G. Smith, "The Cultivated Capsicum Peppers" in Economic Botany vol. 7 (1953) pp. 214-227 JSTOR
• V. P. Ibiza et al., "Taxonomy and genetic diversity of domesticated Capsicum species in the Andean region" in Genetics Resources and Crop Evolution vol. 59 (2011) pp. 1077–1088
• L. F. Lippert, P. G. Smith, B. O. Bergh, "Cytogenetics of the Vegetable Crops. Garden Pepper, Capsicum Sp." in Botanical Review vol. 32 (1966) pp. 24-55 JSTOR
• Jose de Jesus Luna-Ruiz, "Shifts in Plant Chemical Defenses of Chile Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Due to Domestication in Mesoamerica" in Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution vol. 6 (2018) no. 45; alibi
• Marissa Moses, Pathmanathan Umaharan, "Building a quality niche for Caribbean hot peppers" in Acta horticulturae vol. 1047 (2014) pp. 108-118
• Herundino Ribeiro do Nascimento Filho, Reinaldo Imbrozio Barbosa, Francisco Joaci de Freitas Luz, "Pimentas do gênero Capsicum cultivadas em Roraima, Amazônia brasileira. II. Hábitos e formas de uso" in Acta Amazônica vol. 37 (2007) pp. 561-568
• Barbara Pickersgill, "Relationships Between Weedy and Cultivated Forms in Some Species of Chili Peppers (Genus capsicum)" in Evolution vol. 25 (1971) pp. 683-691 JSTOR

De speciebus silvaticis tantum

• Gloria E. Barboza, "Lectotypifications, synonymy, and a new name in Capsicum (Solanoideae, Solanaceae)" in PhytoKeys vol. 2 (2011) pp. 23–38
• Gloria E. Barboza, Luciano De Bem Bianchetti, "Three New Species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) and a Key to the Wild Species from Brazil" in Systematic Botany vol. 30 (2005) pp. 863-871 JSTOR
• Gloria E. Barboza et al., "New Endemic Species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the Brazilian Caatinga: Comparison with the Re-circumscribed C. parvifolium" in Systematic Botany vol. 36 (2011) pp. 768-781 JSTOR
• Gloria E. Barboza et al., "Four new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus" in PLoS One vol. 14 (2019) e0209792
• Gloria E. Barboza, Luciano De Bem Bianchetti, J. E. Stehmann, "Capsicum carassense (Solanaceae), a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest" in PhytoKeys vol. 140 (2020 [a]) pp. 125–138
• Gloria E. Barboza et al., "An amazing new Capsicum (Solanaceae) species from the Andean-Amazonian Piedmont" in PhytoKeys vol. 167 (2020 [b]) pp. 13–29
• Charles B. Heiser, Jr., Paul G. Smith, "New Species of Capsicum from South America" in Brittonia vol. 10 (1958) pp. 194-201 JSTOR
• Armando T. Hunziker, "Estudios sobre Solanaceae. I. Sinopsis de las especies silvestres de Capsicum: de Agrentina y Paraguay" in Darwiniana vol. 9 (1950) pp. 225-247 JSTOR
• Armando T. Hunziker, "Estudios sobre Solanaceae. XLVI. Los ajíes silvestres de Argentina (Capsicum)" in Darwiniana vol. 36 (1998) pp. 201-203 JSTOR
• Colin K. Khoury et al., "Modelled distributions and conservation status of the wild relatives of chile peppers (Capsicum L.)" in Diversity and Distributions vol. 26 (2020) pp. 209-225 JSTOR
• Michael Nee, Lynn Bohs, Sandra Knapp, "New Species of Solanum and Capsicum (Solanaceae) from Bolivia, with Clarification of Nomenclature in Some Bolivian Solanum" in Brittonia vol. 58 (2006) pp. 322-356 JSTOR

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Capsicum spectant.

Vide "Capsicum" apud Vicispecies.

• "Descriptors for Capsicum (Capsicum spp.)" apud Bioversity International
• "Pepperfriends"