Timidelt n At Ḥemmad
 Timidelt n At Ḥemmad | ||||
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| قلعة بني حماد (ar) | ||||
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| Ansa | ||||
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| Awanek anayan | Lezzayer | |||
| Tawilayt | Tawilayt n Temsilt | |||
| Tamanaɣt n | ||||
| Tarakalt | ||||
| Tajumma | 150 ha | |||
| Asefk amazray | ||||
| Asnulfu | 1007 | |||
| Aselyem | 1090 | |||
Taqliɛt n At Ḥemmad d yiwet n tmidelt temdint taqbuṛt i d-yezgan deg tama n Temsilt, deg tlemmast n tmurt n dzayer. Ar ass-a werɛad yezmer wemdan ad iwali izaduren n kra n yexxamen, ɣas akken kra yellan deg-s yessusem tura, am akken werjin yettwazdeɣ wemkan-nni. D acu kan, Taqliɛt n At Ḥemmad, tella, zik-is, seg temdinin mechuṛen akk deg Tmazɣa. D tamaneɣt meqqren, yesɛan tasɣent s wazal-is deg umezruy n Yimaziɣen.
Alluy n twacult n At Ḥemmad ed waṣuk n teqliɛt
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]D tamdint n Teqliɛt, yellan d tamaneɣt n temnaḍt-nsen, zik-nni, ay rran d tamaneɣt n uwanek-nsen. Ḥemmad yefka-as azal meqqren i tmaneɣt-is. Yebna-as isensa igerrzen ay deg sgunfuyen yemzenza ay d-yettasen seg tmiwa ibeɛden. Teqqel Teqliɛt d tamdint mechuṛen deg tnezzawt, d d ulzuz ameqqran ay ɣer d-ttasen medden seg yal tama.
Tamesgida n Teqliɛt
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Ḥemmad Ubuluɣin icebbeḥ-as diɣ timesgidiwin i Teqliɛt, ay yerra d tamdint n tmussni ay ɣer d-ttasen s waṭas yimassanen akken ad lemden u ad slemden deg-s. Maca, ayen icebḥen akk deg temdint n Teqliɛt, netta, d tamesgida-yines tameqqrant yakk ed xemsa leqṣur-nni ay yebna deg-s. Tamesgida tebna s yeẓra imeqqranen ay iselɣen s ljir, cebbḥen-tt s uɣanib n tmesgidiwin n Tmazɣa, bnan-as ṣṣumɛa d taɛlayant. Ma leqṣur-nni, gar-asen Leqṣer n Lumaṛa ed win n Lmanaṛ, d wid ay d-yesskanen alameɣ ay deg tella tettidir temdint-nni. Asmi teqqel Teqliɛt d tamaneɣt, teqqel d tamdint tanesbaɣurt yeddren acḥal n yiseggasen deg lehna ed liser.
Anbaz n Banu Hilal ed taggara n Teqliɛt n At Ḥemmad
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Tamazɣa yezga yegguni-tt ccwal. Tagnit ay deg tella tettidir ur terkid ara s tidet. Yuɣ lḥal, deg tallit-nni, timura n Tmazɣa, imi ur jhident ara, zgant ttidirent ddaw leɛnaya n tgeldiyin timeqqranin n Wegmuḍ. Tageldit n Yibadisen, yellan naqal s ddaw n tmaɣda n Yifaṭimiyen n Maṣer, qqlen s ddaw tin n Yiɛebbasiyen n Beɣdad. D ayen ay yesserfan aṭas axlif n Yifaṭimiyen n Taqahirt. Akken ad iɛaqeb Ibadisen, yuzen-asen-d tiqbilin taɛṛabin n Banu Hilal akken ad asen-d-kecmen tamurt, ad asen-tt-rwin. Ma d Iḥemmadiyen, imi qqimen ddaw tmaɣda tafaṭimit, menɛen, taswiɛt-nni, seg yixeṣṣaren n Banu Hilal. D acu kan, tamurt-nsen kecmen-tt-id waṭas n medden ay d-srewlen Yihilaliyen seg Tunes. Aṭas seg yimerwalen-a ay iṛuḥen ad zedɣen deg Teqliɛt, tamaneɣt taḥemmadit. Asmi yemmut Ḥemmad deg 1028, d mmi-s, Lqayed, ay yulin s amkan-is. Yemɛawan ed ugellid n Tunes akken ad nnaɣen mgal n Yihilaliyen. Asmi yemmut Lqayed deg useggas n 1054, yexlef-it-id mmi-s, Muḥsen. D acu kan, imi aṭas ay t-ikeṛhen, ur d-zzin ara fell-as ttesɛa wagguren, yenɣa-t mmi-s n ɛemmi-s, Buluɣin Umḥemmed. Bdan sakin Yihilaliyen, ay d-yettwaznen deg tazwara ɣer Tunes, ad d-ttaẓen cwiṭ, cwiṭ s ataram armi ay d-kecmen tamurt n Yiḥemmadiyen. I wakken ad ten-yerr Buluɣin Uḥemmad, yesdukel iɣallen-is ed Yimaziɣen Iznatiyen n utaram, yessaweḍ ad ten-yernu deg 1059. Yuɣ lḥal, xas ma yella Buluɣin Umḥemmed d argaz yesɛan tabɣest, yezmer i yiman-is, ur yettuɣal ara deg wawal, maca yewɛeṛ aṭas yernu ur yesɛi ara ṛṛeḥma, alammi ay qqlen ula d wigad-is keṛhen-t, ttagaden-t. Yiwwas, asmi yemmut gma-s, icikk d Tanemmirt, d tameṭṭut n gma-s-nni yernu d yelli-s n ɛemmi-s, ay t-yenɣan. Dɣa, ula d netta yenɣa-tt. Gma-s n tagi, Naṣer Walennas, xas iɣaḍ-it lḥal, ur d-yessebgen ara cceḥna-is imir-n kan i Buluɣin Umḥemmed ay yenɣan weltma-s. Deg useggas n 1062, iṛuḥ Buluɣin Umḥemmad ad yennaɣ ed Yemrabḍen n Merruk. Mi d-yuɣal seg yimenɣi, yeqqim-as-d, Naṣer Walennas, deg Tesala, deg tlemmast n Lezzayer, yenɣa-t.
Yuɣal sakin deg wemkan-is d agellid n Yiḥemmadiyen. Seg wass-n, ur tufi tmurt-nsen talwit ed werkad am zik-nni. Yefreq Naṣer adabu n tmurt ed watmaten-is : yal yiwen yefka-as tama ara yeḥkem. Yerra igen s ddaw n udabu n gma-s, Lqasem. Naṣer yella yesɛa daɣen yiwen umatu iẓewren, isem-is Xaled. D netta ay d-iḥeṛṛen idurar n Zab ɣer tmurt n Yiḥemmadiyen. D acu kan, ur iɛeṭṭel ara Naṣer : yenɣa-t. Acuɣer ? Acku zzenzen-t-id icaweṛ kra ma yella ad kksen Naṣer i wakken ad d-rren Mɛemmeṛ, gma-s n Buluɣin Umḥemmed, deg wemkan-is.
Yekker yimenɣi, deg useggas n 1065, ger teqbilin tihilaliyin. Naṣer yedda ed teqbilt n Atbaj, deg lweqt ay deg mmi-s n ɛemmi-s, agellid n Tunes, Temmin Umuɛezz, yedda ed teqbilt n Riyaḥ. Yeffeɣ Naṣer Walennas ad yennaɣ mgal n mmi-s ɛemmi-s deg tmurt n uneggaru-yagi deg 1084. Yewwi yid-s imsisan : kra d aɛṛaben, kra d Imaziɣen iznagen, wiyaḍ d Iznatiyen. Yennuɣ Naṣer yiwen yimenɣi meqqren deg Sbiba, sdat n Qayrawan, maca yettwarna imi t-xedɛen Yeznatiyen-nni yeddan yid-s. Yemmut-as-d din, i Naṣer Walennas, gma-s Lqasem, yernu din ay n-yejja diɣ igerrujen-is. ḍefren-t yexṣimen-is alammi d tama n ḥuḍna, syin ula ɣer tmaneɣt-is, Taqliɛt. Dɣa zzin-as-d i temdint : ur qbilen ad as-ttixren alammi ay yeqbel Naṣer ad asen-yefk imuren imeqqranen seg wakal n tmurt-is. Yegra-d Naṣer, yesṛuḥen amur ameqqran seg yiɣallen-is, ed yiserdasen ay as-d-yeqqimen. Widen, ɛyan, werɛad sgunfan seg wayen akk ay d-yeḍran yid-sen, i wakken ad qablen acengu nniḍen. Dinna ay ifuṛes tagnit Lmuntaṣir Uxezrun, yiwen Umaziɣ aznati (n utaram) akken ad d-yekcem s akal n Yiḥemmadiyen. Yeṭṭef tamdint n Msila, idurar n Zab ed tama n Riɣa. Naṣer Walennas, terra-t tmara yeqbel ad isemmeḥ deg tmiwa-yagi akken ad d-ters lehna deg tmurt. Ma d Lmuntaṣir Uxezrun, ur tent-iɣellet ara : akken kan yekcem ɣer Msila, yenɣa-t Ɛaṛus Usindi, yellan d amesnabaḍ n temdint-nni, d ameddakel n Naṣer.
Asmi ay iwala Naṣer Walennas tageldit-is tezga tettidir deg tugdi ed umihi inuda ad yesserwel tamaneɣt-is. S wakka ay yefren Bgayet deg useggas n 1067 neɣ 68. Yuzen ɣer din iserdasen-is, yessebded dinna yiwet n temdint umi isemma ɣef yisem-is, Nnaṣiriyya. D acu kan, medden meṛṛa kemmlen ssawalen-as Bgayet. Ma d Taqliɛt, xas terna teqqim acḥal d iseggasen teɛmeṛ, mazal llan widak iḍemɛen ad d-teɣli ger yifassen-nsen. Ɣur Yiḥemmadiyen, Taqliɛt-nni yellan d agerruj ɣlayen, yeɣli imir-n wazal-is, d Bgayet ay cebbḥen deg umur-ines.
Igelliden Iḥemmadiyen n Bgayet mgarraden deg tikli ay d-wwin. Llan wid yessawḍen ad as-d-rnun akal i tgeldit-nsen, ḥerzen ayen sɛan zik, rnan swesɛen-t. Llan wiyaḍ, ttwarnan, aṭas n wakal ay jjan i yexṣimen-nsen. Deg yiseggasen iqerben 1130, yennuɣ ugellid At Ḥemmad, Yeḥya Uɛebdelɛaziz ed ugellid n Tunes, Mulay Ḥasan. Teḍra-d twaɣit ed ugellid aḥemmadi. Yerẓa Mulay ḥasan iɣallen iḥemmadiyen, ihudd-asen tizemmar akken ur ttankaren. Ixeṣṣaren imeqqranen ay asen-yefka d tiɣrit ur nzeggel. Amek ? Asmi ifuk wemgaru, Uɛbedleɛziz yezder deg ṭṭlaba ar iri. Tadrimt ulac, awi-d ayen a yerr, yebra-d i waṭas n yiserdasen-is seg yigen : acku ur yesɛi ara s wayes ara ten-ixelleṣ. Yuɣal simmal ɣer deffir. Aɣerya ad d-yelhu ed uɛiwed n lebni n tmurt-is, netta yefka-tt i jjiḥ. Akessar d akessar... d agrireb ay isehlen. D agus-a yefsin ay d-igan abrid i teqbilin n Banu Hilal ad d-kecment s izuɣar n Lbuṛj Buɛṛiṛij, Mejjana ed Ɛin Taɣruḍt. Yewweḍ Uɛebdelɛaziz alammi ay isemmeḥ, deg useggas n 1148, ula deg Teqliɛt, mbeɛd mi d-yesserwel seg-s igerrujen n Yiḥemmadiyen ay d-yeqqimen din.
Ṛebɛa yiseggasen sdeffir waya, deg 1152, kecmen-d Yimaziɣen Imweḥḥden n utaram ɣer uwanek aḥemmadi. ṭṭfen deg-s aṭas n wakal. Igen n Yiḥemmadiyen, yefcel seg yemgura iɛeddan, ur yessaweḍ ara ad yeṭṭef tuṭṭift sdat yiɣallen ijehden n Yemweḥḥden. Dɣa deg useggas-nni s timmad-is ay wwḍen Yemweḥḥden ɣer Bgayet. Teɣli tmaneɣt-a ay deg yifassen-nsen. Ma d tawacult n Yiḥemmadiyen terwel ɣer tmaneɣt-is taqbuṛt : Taqliɛt. Dɣa d win kan ay d amḍiq aneggaru ay deg zemren ad ffren, ad kemmlen ad qablen acengu. Akken ad ḥudden iman-nsen seg Yemweḥḥden, dduklen ed teqbilt tahilalit n Atbaj. D acu kan, d tadukli ur ten-nessemneɛ. Din din : yettwanɣa uɣella n teqbilt-a, Dahas, ttwarnan Yiḥemmadiyen. Teɣli temdint n Teqliɛt ger yifassen n Yemweḥḥden. Rewlen-d akk wid ay tt-izedɣen. Kecmen yiserdasen imweḥḥden : tamdint rwin-tt, ayen ufan wwin-t. Seg wass-nni ay teqqel Teqliɛt d tamdint yexlan. Ur yeɛriḍ ḥedd ad tt-yebnu s wadda tikkelt nniḍen. Ayen ur ihudd ara ufus n wemdan, ihudd-it zzman, kemmlen-as waman. Ass-a, ala kan d ṣṣumɛa ɛlayen n tmesgida tameqqrant n temdint ay d-mazal tebded. Deg 1980, qqlen yexriben n Teqliɛt n At Ḥemmad, ttuneḥsaben seg yisekta iqburen n umaḍal ay teḥrez tuddsa n Unesco. Isekta n Teqliɛt n At Ḥemmad seg yigerrujen n Tmazɣa. D inagan ara asen-yemmalen amezruy-nsen i warraw n Tmazɣa, tasuta deffir tayeḍ.
