Urologi

Urologi (saka basa Yunani οὖρον ouron "urin" lan -λογία -logia "ilmu"), uga dikenal minangka operasi genitouriner, yaiku spesialisasi kedhokteran sing fokus ing penyakit bedah lan mèdhis saka sistem saluran kemih wong lanang lan wedok, saluran reproduksi, uga gangguan ing ginjal.^[1] Organ ing domain urologi iku kalebu ginjel, kelenjar adrenal, ureter, kandung kemih, uretra, lan organ reproduksi pria (testis, epididimis, vas deferens, vesikel seminal, prostat, lan penis).

Saluran urin lan reproduksi kuwi gegandhengan banget, lan kelainan siji asring kena pengaruh liyané. Dadi spektrum utama kahanan sing dikelola ing urologi ana ing sangisoré domain kelainan genitouriner. Urologi nggabungaké manajemen kondhisi mèdhis (yaiku, non-operasi), kayata infeksi saluran kemih lan hiperplasia prostat jinak, kanthi ngatur kondhisi operasi kayata kandung kemih utawa kanker prostat, watu ginjel, kelainan bawaan, cedera traumatik, lan tekanan. ^[2]

Teknik urologi kalebu operasi robotik lan laparoskopi invasif minimal, operasi kanthi pitulung laser, lan prosedur pandhuan lingkup liyané. Ahli urologi nampa latihan babagan tèknik operasi terbuka lan minimal invasif, nggunakaké pandhuan ultrasonik wektu nyata, peralatan endoskopik serat optik, lan macem-macem laser kanggo ngobati pirang-pirang kondisi jinak lan ganas. ^[3] ^[4] Urologi raket banget karo (lan ahli urologi asring kolaborasi karo praktisi) onkologi, nefrologi, ginekologi, andrologi, operasi bocah, operasi kolorektal, gastroenterologi, lan endokrinologi. Urologi minangka salah sawijining spesialisasi bedah sing paling kompetitif lan paling digoleki kanggo dhokter, kanthi urologis anyar kalebu kurang saka 1,5% lulusan sekolah kedhokteran Amerika Serikat saben taun. ^[5] ^[6]

Subdisiplin urologi

Endourologi

Endourologi minangka cabang saka urologi sing gegayutan karo manipulasi tertutup saluran kemih. ^[7] Akhir-akhir iki tuwuh kalebu kabèh prosedur operasi urologis sing invasif minimal. Beda karo operasi terbuka, endourologi ditindakaké kanthi nggunakaké kamera cilik lan instrumén sing dipasang ing saluran kemih. Operasi transurethral minangka landesan endourologi. Umumé saluran kemih bisa ditemokaké liwat uretra, ngaktifaké operasi prostat, operasi tumor urothelium, operasi watu ginjal, lan prosedur uretra lan uretra sederhana. Bubar iki, tambahan laparoskopi lan robotika luwih akèh mbagi cabang urologi iki.

Laparoskopi

Laparoskopi minangka cabang urologi sing berkembang kanthi cepet lan wis ngganti sawetara prosedur operasi. Operasi prostat, ginjel, lan ureter sing dibantu robot wis ngembangaké lapangan iki. Saiki, akèh prostatektomi ing Amerika Serikat ditindakaké kanthi pitulungan robot. Nanging, iki nggawé kontroversi amarga robotika nambah béya operasi lan entuk manfaat kanggo pasien bisa uga sebanding karo biaya tambahan. Apa manèh, ing kahanan pasar, kanggo peralatan robot minangka monopoli de facto saka salah sawijining perusahaan publik ^[8] sing nuwuhaké kontroversi efektivitas béya.

Urologi wanita

Urologi wanita minangka cabang urologi sing ngatasi kandung kemih sing terlalu aktif, prolaps organ panggul, lan inkontinensia urin. Akèh dhokter kasebut uga praktik neururologi lan urologi rekonstruktif kaya kasebut ing ndhuwur. Urologis wanita (sing umumé saka pria) ngrampungaké pasinaon 1-3 taun sawisé rampung residensi urologi 5-6 taun. ^[9] Ngerti lengkap babagan lantai panggul wanita lan pangerten intim babagan fisiologi lan patologi perlu kanggo diagnosa lan ngobati kelainan kasebut. Gumantung saka panyebab masalah individu, perawatan mèdhis utawa bedah bisa dadi solusiné. Bidang praktiké akèh banget tumpang tindih karo ahli nekologi urogi, dhokter ing sub-disiplin ginekologi, sing wis nindakaké patunggalan telung taun sawisé residensi OBGYN patang taun. ^[9]

Organisasi bab urologi

Ana organisasi nasional kayata Amérika Urological Association, Amérika Association of Urologen Clinical, ^[10] European Association of Urology, Urology Association Practice Group, ^[10] lan The Society for Basic Urologic Research. Urologi uga kalebu ing asuhan International Continence Society. Organisasi pengajaran kalebu Dewan Urologi Eropa, uga Institut Urologi Vattikuti ing Detroit, sing uga dadi tuan rumah Simposium Urologi Robotic Internasional saben taun kanggo tèknologi anyar. American IVUMed minangka nirlaba ngajar urologi ing negara berkembang.

Paripustaka

↑ "Urologi adalah Spesialisasi Kedokteran yang Perlu Diketahui". SehatQ (ing basa Indonesia). Diarsip saka sing asli ing 2021-04-30. Dibukak ing 2021-04-30.
↑ "Urology". American Medical Association. Dibukak ing 28 April 2020.
↑ "Urologist in Noida". Full Details Information. 27 Maret 2019.
↑ Marks AJ; Teichman JM (2007). "Lasers in clinical urology: State of the art and new horizons". World Journal of Urology. 25 (3): 227–233. doi:10.1007/s00345-007-0163-x. PMID 17393172.
↑ Ahmed K; Jawad M; Dasgupta P; Darzi A; et al. (2010). "Assessment and maintenance of competence in urology". Nat Rev Urol. 7 (7): 403–13. doi:10.1038/nrurol.2010.81. PMID 20567253.
↑ "Facts: Applicants, Matriculants, Enrollment, Graduates, MD/PhD, and Residency Applicants Data - Data and Analysis". AAMC. Dibukak ing 2013-09-01.
↑ "Website of the Endourologic Society". Endourology.org. Dibukak ing 2013-09-01.
↑ "Intuitive Surgical, Inc". Intuitivesurgical.com. Dibukak ing 2013-09-01.
↑ ^a ^b http://sufuorg.com/Professional-Resources/Fellowships/Fellowship-Programs.aspx
↑ ^a ^b "Clinical Urologists Group Supports Genomic Testing for Prostate Cancer". ClinicalOMICs. 6 Maret 2018. Dibukak ing 9 Maret 2018. The Association, which represents nearly 4,000 member urologists nationwide, said in the one-page statement.... The AACU’s statement has won support from the Large Urology Group Practice Association (LUGPA), which represents more than 2,300 physicians who make up more than 25% of the nation’s practicing urologists.

[1] "Urologi adalah Spesialisasi Kedokteran yang Perlu Diketahui". SehatQ (ing basa Indonesia). Diarsip saka sing asli ing 2021-04-30. Dibukak ing 2021-04-30.

[2] "Urology". American Medical Association. Dibukak ing 28 April 2020.

[3] "Urologist in Noida". Full Details Information. 27 Maret 2019.

[4] Marks AJ; Teichman JM (2007). "Lasers in clinical urology: State of the art and new horizons". World Journal of Urology. 25 (3): 227–233. doi:10.1007/s00345-007-0163-x. PMID 17393172.

[pmid20567253-5] Ahmed K; Jawad M; Dasgupta P; Darzi A; et al. (2010). "Assessment and maintenance of competence in urology". Nat Rev Urol. 7 (7): 403–13. doi:10.1038/nrurol.2010.81. PMID 20567253.

[6] "Facts: Applicants, Matriculants, Enrollment, Graduates, MD/PhD, and Residency Applicants Data - Data and Analysis". AAMC. Dibukak ing 2013-09-01.

[7] "Website of the Endourologic Society". Endourology.org. Dibukak ing 2013-09-01.

[8] "Intuitive Surgical, Inc". Intuitivesurgical.com. Dibukak ing 2013-09-01.

[sufuorg.com-9] ttp://sufuorg.com/Professional-Resources/Fellowships/Fellowship-Programs.aspx

[:0-10] "Clinical Urologists Group Supports Genomic Testing for Prostate Cancer". ClinicalOMICs. 6 Maret 2018. Dibukak ing 9 Maret 2018. The Association, which represents nearly 4,000 member urologists nationwide, said in the one-page statement.... The AACU’s statement has won support from the Large Urology Group Practice Association (LUGPA), which represents more than 2,300 physicians who make up more than 25% of the nation’s practicing urologists.

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