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Hardpan

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Hardpan

Na sayensị ala, ọrụ ugbo na ịkọ ugbo, hardpan ma ọ bụ ite ala bụ akwa oyi akwa nke ala, nke a na-ahụkarị n'okpuru oyi akwa kacha elu.[1] Enwere ụdị hardpan dị iche iche, ha niile na-ekerịta njirimara n'ozuzu nke ịbụ oyi akwa ala dị iche nke na-enweghị mmiri. A na-etolite ụfọdụ akwa siri ike site na nkwụnye ego n'ime ala nke na-ejikọta ma na-ekekọta ụmụ irighiri ihe nke ala. Nkwụnye ego ndị a nwere ike ịmalite site na silica gbazere ruo matrices nke sitere na ígwè oxides na calcium carbonate. Ndị ọzọ bụ ndị mmadụ mere, dị ka hardpan nke a na-emepụta site na mkpirisi site n'ịkọ ugbo ugboro ugboro, karịsịa n'iji ihe eji agụ ihe na-akpụ akpụ, ma ọ bụ site n'ụgbọ okporo ígwè ma ọ bụ mmetọ.

Ọzụzụ

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Ọdịdị ala na-emetụta n'ụzọ siri ike ọchịchọ ya ịmepụta pan siri ike. Otu n'ime ọnọdụ ala a na-ahụkarị nke metụtara hardpan bụ pH ala. Ala Acid na-emetụtakarị n'ihi ọchịchọ nke ụfọdụ nnu mineral, ọkachasị iron na calcium, iji mepụta ihe siri ike na ihe ndị dị n'ala n'okpuru ọnọdụ acid.

Ihe ọzọ dị mkpa na-ekpebi bụ oke ala. Akụkụ ụrọ bụ ụfọdụ n'ime obere ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị n'ala. N'ihi ọdịdị ha, oghere dị n'etiti ụrọ ọ bụla dị obere ma na-egbochi mmiri ịgafe, na-ebelata infiltration ma si otú a na-agbanye mmiri.[1] Ala nwere ụrọ dị elu na-adịkwa mfe ijikọta ma na-emetụta ihe ndị mmadụ mere. Akụkụ ụrọ nwere ụgwọ eletrostatic siri ike ma ga-ejikọta ngwa ngwa na ion ndị a na-akwụ ụgwọ nke ọma na matrik mmiri ala. Mmiri nnu ndị a na-ahụkarị dị ka sodium ion dị na mmiri nsị nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ a ma na-eduga na hardpan dị n'otu ebe n'ụdị ala ụfọdụ. Nke a bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị maka ọdịda Usoro septic n'ihi mgbochi nke nsị dị mma n'ọhịa.

Nsogbu na ngwọta

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Hardpan nwere ike ịbụ nsogbu n'ọrụ ugbo na ịkọ ubi site na igbochi mmiri na igbochi uto nke mgbọrọgwụ osisi. N'ọnọdụ ndị a, enwere ike ịdọwa hardpan site na ụzọ igwe dịka igwu ala ma ọ bụ ịkọ ugbo, ma ọ bụ site na iji mmezi ala.[2] Broadfork bụ ngwá ọrụ aka e mere maka ọrụ a; a pụkwara iji fork na-igwu ala ma ọ bụ spade mee ihe. Onye na-akọ ugbo na-arụ ọrụ yiri nke ahụ site n'enyemaka nke traktọ.

A pụkwara iji mmezigharị ala mee ihe iji gbanwee Ọdịdị ala ma kwalite mmebi nke pan siri ike. A chọpụtala na ịbawanye ọnụọgụ nke ihe ndị dị n'ala site na ịrụ ọrụ nke nsị, compost ma ọ bụ peat nwere ike imeziwanye mmiri na mpaghara ma kwalite mmụba nke ikpuru ala nke nwere ike, ka oge na-aga, mebie ihe siri ike.

Enwere ike imeziwanye ihe siri ike site na imeziwanye pH ala na lime ma ọ bụrụ na ala ahụ bụ acid, yana mgbakwunye nke gypsum. Njikọ a nwere ike inyere aka wepụ ụrọ ndị ejikọtara n'ime hardpan site na omume nke nnu siri ike dị ka iron, calcium carbonate na sodium, site n'ịkwalite njem ha site na pH dị elu ka ọ na-egosi isi iyi kwesịrị ekwesị nke mgbanwe mineral (gypsum). Nke a na-arụ ọrụ n'ihi na nnu gypsum, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị "dị nro", ka na-abanye na mmiri ma nwee nnukwu, ihe na-emeghe, nke nsonaazụ ya anaghị akwalite matrik siri ike dịka a gbanwere. Otú ọ dị, n'adịghị ka mgbe ị na-eji usoro igwe eme ihe, imebi oghere siri ike site na iji mmezigharị nwere ike ịchọ ime ihe n'ime afọ, ọbụnakwa mgbe ahụ, mmadụ enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma. A na-ekpebi nsonaazụ ya n'ụzọ bụ isi site n'otú o si dị ukwuu na / ma ọ bụ na-enweghị ike idozi ya.

  • Caliche
  • Claypan
  • Ihe siri ike
  • Duripan
  • Fragipan
  • Ogige Ndị Dị n'okpuru Ala

Ebem si dee

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  1. C.Michael Hogan. 2010. Abiotic factor. Encyclopedia of Earth. eds Emily Monosson and C. Cleveland. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC
  2. Breaking Up the Hardpan (Web). Grains Research & Development Corporation. Archived from the original on 2007-05-28. Retrieved on 2007-07-02.